腰椎间盘突出症术后椎管狭窄病因探讨

1998年以来再次手术治疗腰椎间盘突出症20例,其中5例系腰术管狭窄症,现将腰椎间盘突出症术后引起腰椎管狭窄的发病原因探讨如下:     

中后路椎间盘镜手术治疗腰椎间盘突出症与腰椎管狭窄

目的:介绍中后路椎间盘镜手术治疗腰椎间盘突出症与腰椎管狭窄的手术效果。方法:对46例腰椎间盘突出症合并腰椎管狭窄症采用中后路椎间盘镜下髓核摘除术并椎管减压术治疗。结果:随访4～12个月,按Nakai标准评定,优良率达93%。46例中硬脊膜囊破裂2例,间盘残留复发1例。全部病例无神经损伤和椎间隙感染等严重并发症发生。结论:中后路椎间盘镜下可完成腰椎间盘突出症合并腰椎管狭窄的治疗。但巨大中央型突出合并钙化者不适合内窥镜下操作。     

椎板间隙入路治疗腰椎间盘突出症及腰椎管狭窄症119例

采用椎板间隙入路治疗腰椎间盘突出症及腰椎管狭窄症１１９例,其中腰椎间盘突出症４６例,腰椎管狭窄症１９例,腰椎间盘突出症合并腰椎管狭窄症５４例,手术后３天～２周即可扶拐行走。术式保护了脊柱后柱的完整性,且术式简单易行,可早期下地活动,在临床上有较高应用价值。     

腰椎不稳症合并腰椎间盘突出症和腰椎管狭窄症手术方式的选择

目的：探讨腰椎不稳症合并腰椎间盘突出症和腰椎管狭窄症治疗方法的选择。方法：应用后路椎弓根螺钉固定不稳节段,开窗间盘切除、横突间植骨融合术治疗腰椎不稳症合并腰椎间盘突出症26例,椎管减压、椎间融合器融合术治疗腰椎不稳症合并腰椎管狭窄症29例,比较不同手术的时间、出血量、疗效及并发症。结果：后路椎弓根螺钉固定、椎管减压术、椎间融合器融合术治疗腰椎不稳症合并腰椎管狭窄症手术时间长、出血量最多,手术效果良好,术后腰腿痛基本缓解,可长时间步行,所有29例患者椎间植骨均融合;26例患者后路椎弓根螺钉固定、开窗间盘切除、横突间植骨融合术治疗腰椎不稳症合并腰椎间盘突出症者平均复位丢失率为8.3%,其中3枚螺钉松动、1例螺钉断裂。结论：腰椎不稳症合并腰椎间盘突出症者宜选用后路椎弓根螺钉固定不稳节段,开窗间盘切除,横突间植骨融合术;腰椎不稳症合并腰椎管狭窄症者宜选用后路椎弓根螺钉固定不稳节段,椎管减压,椎间融合器融合术。     

腰椎间盘突出症临床诊断探讨—附44例手术病例分析

分析了44例诊断为腰椎间盘突出症并经手术治疗的病例资料,探讨了腰椎间盘突出症、腰椎间盘突出症合并腰椎管狭窄、腰椎管狭窄症三种疾病的特点,发现它们均造成椎管容积减小和神经根受压这一基本病理改变,临床表现相近,因此,诊治腰椎间盘突出症时要注意大多伴有腰椎管或神经根管的狭窄。     

腰椎间盘突出合并腰椎管狭窄症手术疗效的影响因素

目的：分析腰椎间盘突出合并腰椎管狭窄症手术疗效不佳原因。方法；分析38例腰椎间盘突出合并腰椎管狭窄症术前术后临床表现、影像学资料及腰椎间盘突出侧别、椎管狭窄部位、相互关系、术式选择等，对腰椎间盘突出合并腰椎管狭窄症手术疗效不佳原因分析探讨.结果：38例腰椎间盘突出合并腰椎管狭窄手术疗效不佳病例中，4例术后尚残余有突出间盘未完全除；4例术中因骶椎腰化或腰椎骶化定位错误遗漏突出间盘；2例手术侧别选择错误。5例因术中关节突破坏继发狭窄，其中1例II度滑脱，2例术后继发瘢痕增生粘连。减压不彻底12例，遗漏减压8例，其中定位黄韧带开窗法除椎间盘7例中相应部位3例骨性狭窄均未能彻底减压或遗漏。3例经皮突出椎间盘切吸术遗漏狭窄。结论：腰椎间盘突出合并腰椎管狭窄症手术疗效不佳原因主要有定位错误、减压不够、遗漏狭窄、术式不当、腰椎失稳等。强调腰椎间盘突出合并椎管狭窄症之术式选择，包括手术入路侧别及减压范围，主要依据临床表现决定；CT扫描等影像学资料只做为重要参考依据，不能单就CT扫描等来诊断疾病及决定术式选择。术前术中注意正确定位，辨别变异。切忌两种倾向：一是盲目追求微创显露致遗漏或未能完全解除相应部位的椎管狭窄，另一则是大范围破坏脊柱结构致腰椎失稳。     

腰椎间盘突出症两种术式治疗的比较探究

目的对腰椎间盘突出症手术方式的合理选择进行探究。方法回顾分析自2005年3月～2010年1月的102例腰椎间盘突出症手术治疗病例,其中手术方式为单纯髓核摘除术与椎间融合内固定术。结果两种手术方式的治疗效果在统计学上没有显著的差异（P〉0.05）。结论采用单纯髓核摘除术或椎间融合内固定术治疗腰椎间盘突出症均能够取得良好的疗效;腰椎间盘突出症合并腰椎管狭窄、腰椎滑脱和下腰疼重于下肢根性症状的情况下,椎间融合内固定术的治疗效果相对较好。     

218例腰椎间盘突出症和腰椎管狭窄症手术疗效分析

２１８例腰椎间盘突出症和腰椎管狭窄症手术疗效分析广东省惠州市人民医院（５１６００２）吴利民我院１９９１～１９９６年共手术治疗腰椎间盘突出和腰椎管狭窄２１８例。手术疗效满意，优良率９５．４％，现就报告分析如下。１临床资料一般资料：本组２１８例，其中腰椎...     

有限切口双侧椎板间开窗髓核摘除治疗中央型腰椎间盘突出症

目的 探讨治疗中央型腰椎间盘突出症一种手术方法的可行性及临床效果。方法 31例中央型腰椎间盘突出症患者。单纯中央型23例，合并腰椎管狭窄4例，侧隐窝狭窄5例，合并终板撕裂1例。全组病例均手术治疗，采用有限切口，双侧椎板间开窗，经硬膜外入路摘除突出的腰椎间盘髓核。评价其治疗效果并进行6月至5年随访。结果 优14例，良13例，可3例，差1例，总优良率87．1％，手术无定位失误，近期无腰椎失稳和腰椎滑脱，无医源性腰椎管狭窄。结论 有限切口双侧椎板间开窗行中央型腰椎间盘髓核摘除，能较好地保留腰椎管后部结构，术后脊柱稳定性影响小，避免了术后硬脊膜与神经根粘连受压，手术创伤小，康复快，操作可行。对中央型腰椎间盘突出症是有效的治疗方法。     

后路椎间盘镜手术治疗腰椎间盘突出合并椎管狭窄症32例疗效观察

目的:观察椎间盘镜手术治疗腰椎间盘突出合并椎管狭窄症的临床疗效。方法:椎间盘镜手术治疗32例腰椎间盘突出症合并腰椎管和(或)侧隐窝狭窄,并对术后疗效进行分析。结果:随访时间4~38个月。按Nakai评价标准评定优25例,良4例,可2例,差1例,优良率90.6%(29/32);按脊柱显微内镜治疗腰椎间盘突出症的疗效评价标准评定优25例,良3例,可3例,差1例,优良率87.5%(28/32)。结论:后路椎间盘镜手术治疗腰椎间盘突出合并椎管狭窄症创伤小,术后康复快,疗效佳。     

腰椎管狭窄动物模型的实验研究

目的：建立腰椎管狭窄(lumbar spinal canal stenosis，LSCS)的动物模型，在此基础上进行步态、知觉过敏、电生理及组织学研究。方法：LSCS组选用8周的Wistar大鼠28只，切除腰5腰椎棘突、椎弓，并移植碎骨片于此处。Sham手术组为6只，仅切除椎弓。对照组为3只，不作任何处理。术后8、9个月进行步态、知觉过敏及脊髓体感诱发电位的波幅(SSEP)的测定，同时，术后9个月进行组织学分析。结果：LSCS组，术后8个月步行距离明显减少，步容出现变化，Seep的振幅明显减小及知觉出现过敏。术后9个月步行距离明显减少、步容出现变化、知觉出现过敏及Seep的振幅明显减小的同时，椎管横断面积减少，粗纤维减少而细纤维增多。结论：腰椎管狭窄后，大鼠步行分析、电生理学及组织学均出现明显异常。为以后药物治疗的研究打下基础。     

Nitric oxide regulation system in degenerative lumbar disease

Elevated nitric oxide (NO) production derived from NO synthase (NOS) activity has been shown in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in patients with degenerative lumbar disease (DLD). However, the regulatory mechanism of NO and the relationship of NO to clinical manifestations are unclear. In the present study, concentrations of NOx (nitrate NO3- and nitrite, NO2-), L-arginine (a substrate for NOS), and asymmetric dimethyl arginine (ADMA, an endogenous NOS inhibitor) in CSF were measured in two major DLDs: lumbar intervertebral disc herniation (LDH; 13 cases) and lumbar spinal canal stenosis (LSCS; 28 cases), and were compared with the levels in control patients with traumatic diseases. The levels of NO regulatory markers were also assessed according to Japanese Orthopedic Association (JOA) scores for the management of low back pain. NOx levels in LSCS patients (9.65 +/- 0.74 microM) were significantly higher than those in controls (5.26 +/- 0.27 microM) and in LDH patients (4.27 +/- 0.35 microM) (p < 0.01). ADMA levels were lower in LDH patients (0.016 +/- 0.008 pM) than in controls (0.045 +/- 0.011 pM) (p < 0.05), whereas those in LSCS patients (0.05 +/- 0.006 pM) were the same as in the controls. There was no significant difference in L-arginine levels among the groups. Nitrate or nitrite levels in these DLDs correlated with some of the JOA scores. The NO2- concentration was positively correlated with both JOA15 and JOA6 scores in LDH cases (p < 0.01). In LSCS cases, a positive correlation was found between NO2- concentration and JOA6 score, and between NO3- concentration and JOA9 (p < 0.01). In immunohistochemical analysis, inducible NOS and dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase were expressed in mononuclear cells in tissues obtained from LSCS patients along with nitrotyrosine deposition, a footprint of NO radical formation. Our data suggested that the NO regulatory mechanism controlling the pathogenesis and progression of LDH might differ from that of LSCS.     

Improvement of hip abductor muscle weakness after lumbar decompressive surgery

Abstract

Introduction. Degenerative lumbar spinal disorder is common in Japan, and the L5 nerve root is commonly involved in this disorder. The symptoms of L5 radiculopathy are irradiating lateral leg pain, and numbness and weakness of tibialis anterior and the hip abductor muscle. There has been only one report on the results of surgery for hip abductor muscle weakness caused by degenerative lumbar spinal disorder.

Patients and methods. In this study, we analyzed the strength of the hip abductor muscle before and after decompressive surgery in 26 cases and the relationship between the lumbar disc herniation (LDH) and lumbar spinal canal stenosis (LSCS) groups.

Results. Of the total 26 cases, muscle strength improved in 23 cases (88%), with complete recovery in 17 cases (65%). In the LDH group, the improvement rate was 92%. In the LSCS group, the improvement rate was 68%. Although the improvement rate for the LDH group was higher than that for the LSCS group, the difference was not significant (P = 0.054).

Discussion. Decompressive surgery may be an effective method to improve hip abductor muscle weakness in degenerative lumbar spinal disorder.     

Improvement of hip abductor muscle weakness after lumbar decompressive surgery

Introduction.

Degenerative lumbar spinal disorder is common in Japan, and the L5 nerve root is commonly involved in this disorder. The symptoms of L5 radiculopathy are irradiating lateral leg pain, and numbness and weakness of tibialis anterior and the hip abductor muscle. There has been only one report on the results of surgery for hip abductor muscle weakness caused by degenerative lumbar spinal disorder.

Patients and methods.

In this study, we analyzed the strength of the hip abductor muscle before and after decompressive surgery in 26 cases and the relationship between the lumbar disc herniation (LDH) and lumbar spinal canal stenosis (LSCS) groups.

Results.

Of the total 26 cases, muscle strength improved in 23 cases (88%), with complete recovery in 17 cases (65%). In the LDH group, the improvement rate was 92%. In the LSCS group, the improvement rate was 68%. Although the improvement rate for the LDH group was higher than that for the LSCS group, the difference was not significant (P = 0.054).

Discussion.

Decompressive surgery may be an effective method to improve hip abductor muscle weakness in degenerative lumbar spinal disorder.     

经皮穿刺腰椎间盘摘除联合三氧注射术治疗腰椎间盘突出症临床价值

目的探讨经皮穿刺腰椎间盘摘除术联合医用三氧注射术治疗腰椎间盘突出症的效果。方法选择28例腰椎间盘突出症患者进行治疗,在经皮穿刺腰椎间盘摘除术后,注射医用三氧分析其疗效,并与单纯经皮穿刺腰椎间盘摘除术（33例）和医用三氧注射术（26例）对比。结果术后经过连续6个月的随访,腰椎间盘摘除术联合医用三氧注射组.显效20例（71.4%）,有效7例（25.0%）,无效1例（3.6%）.单纯摘除术组显效15例（45.5%）,有效16例（48.5%）,无效2例（6.1%）,单纯医用三氧注射组显效11例（42.3%）。有效14例（53.8%）,无效1例（3.8%）。结论经皮穿刺腰椎间盘摘除术联合医用三氧注射术是治疗腰椎间盘突出症的有效方法,其显效率优于单纯经皮穿刺腰椎间盘摘除术和单纯医用三氧注射术。     

经皮椎间盘旋切治疗腰间盘突出症1282例疗效分析

目的探讨经皮椎间盘旋切治疗腰椎间盘突出症的疗效及影响因素。方法对1282例患者1912个椎间盘,其中有3例3个失败,实际手术1909个椎间盘进行回顾性地分析。结果手术成功率99.5%;显效率79.7%(1022/1282);有效率15.3%(196/1282);无效率4.8%(61/1282)。总有效率为95%。结论侧隐窝狭窄、病变椎间隙狭窄及突出的髓核钙化可作为相对适应证,“椎间盘手术史”不应作为绝对禁忌证;包容型椎间盘突出治疗效果好;对疑有运动神经纤维不可逆性损伤者,不宜行PLD;对外伤后出现较重症状的年轻患者,施行PLD应慎重;髓核摘除量越多,疗效越好。     

腰穿与腰大池引流结合鞘内注射治疗脑出血侧脑室外引流术后颅内感染疗效比较

目的：探讨腰大池引流结合鞘内注射治疗脑出血侧脑室外引流术后颅内感染的效果。方法回顾性分析2010年10月至2015年9月我院收治的140例侧脑室引流术后颅内感染患者的临床资料,按照治疗方式的不同分为腰穿组和引流组,每组各70例。其中腰穿组患者接受腰椎穿刺鞘内注射治疗,引流组患者接受腰大池引流鞘内注射治疗,所有患者均按颅内感染常规治疗进行基础治疗,对比分析两组患者的治愈效果、治愈率和不良反应发生情况。结果两种方法治疗脑出血侧脑室外引流术后颅内感染均有效,但引流组的治愈率为90.00%(63/70),明显高于腰穿组的61.43%(43/70),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);腰穿组的平均有效治疗时间为(9.47±2.4) d,明显长于引流组的(6.25±1.8) d,且治疗过程中腰穿组诉腰痛的患者例数明显多于引流组(15例vs 16例),两组患者相比差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论采用腰大池引流结合鞘内注射治疗脑出血侧脑室外引流术后颅内感染疗效确切,不良反应少,值得在临床上推广应用。     

腰椎间盘突出症50例保守治疗疗效观察

目的:观察腰椎间盘突出症保守治疗疗效。方法:采用卧床休息,腰部功能锻炼,腰部牵引、止痛、散淤、激素等治疗50例随访半年到1年。结果:50例中有42例治愈或腰腿痛等症状缓解,5例有效,2例无效。结论:86%腰椎间盘突出症患者经保守治疗能取得很好疗效。     

经皮腰椎间盘摘除术治疗腰椎间盘突出症回顾性分析

目的回顾性分析经皮腰椎间盘摘除术治疗腰椎间盘突出症的疗效。方法98例患者经临床和CT(或MRI)确诊为腰椎间盘突出症,在X线透视监视下,健侧卧位,经侧后方入路插入工作套管,摘除髓核。结果术后随访6个月至3年。6个月总有效率89.79%(88/98例),显效67例(68.37%),有效21例(21.43%),无效10例(10.20%);3年总有效率87.76%(86/98例),显效69例(70.41%),有效17例(17.35%),无效12例(12.24%)。无严重并发症发生。结论经皮腰椎间盘摘除术为治疗腰椎间盘突出症的有效方法之一。