强迫症血小板5-羟色胺含量与临床特征和氯丙咪嗪治疗的关系

目的　探讨强迫症的血清素功能与临床特征和药物治疗的关系。方法　采用临床评分与血小板敏感膜电极标准加入法测定 40例强迫症患者治疗前后的血小板 5 HT含量并与 3 0例健康人对照。结果　治疗前强迫症组与对照组血小板 5 HT含量的平均值分别为 (1 962 2± 982 3 ,90 9 0± 3 78 9)ng/1 0 9个血小板 ,强迫观念 ,强迫行为 ,合并抽动障碍的强迫症治疗前血小板 5 HT含量平均值分别是 (2 687 3± 442 5,2 0 49 9± 1 1 1 4 5,1 0 60 3± 54 3 6)ng/1 0 9个血小板 ,8周的氯丙咪嗪治疗后 ,强迫观念组血小板 5 HT含量下降到 83 3 1 2ng/1 0 9个血小板并伴良好疗效 ,合并抽动障碍的强迫症血小板 5 HT含量与治疗前比较无明显改变 ,对氯丙咪嗪的治疗反应也差。结论　不同症状特征的强迫症血清素功能的改变并不相同 ,对氯丙咪嗪的治疗反应与治疗前血小板 5 HT含量有关 ,本研究提示强迫症可能存在生化上的异源性 ,这可能是对血清素回收抑制剂疗效差异的生化基础     

强迫症、抑郁症及焦虑症患者血小板5-羟色胺浓度的对照研究

目的　研究 5 羟色胺 ( 5 HT)在强迫症发病中的作用及强迫思维与强迫动作亚组、抑郁症及焦虑症患者间血小板 5 HT含量的差异。方法　采用高效液相色谱法 ,分别测定 2 9例强迫症患者 [(强迫症组 ,根据Y BOCS强迫量表因子得分将其分为强迫思维 ( 16例 )、强迫动作 ( 7例 )和混合性( 6例 ) 3组 ]、2 0例抑郁障碍患者 (抑郁症组 )、17例焦虑障碍患者 (焦虑症组 )和 2 8名正常人 (正常人组 )的血小板 5 HT含量。结果　强迫症组血小板 5 HT水平 [( 139± 172 ) μg/L]低于正常人组 [( 2 4 8±2 15 ) μg/L]及焦虑症组 [( 397± 4 0 1) μg/L],差异具有显著性 (P =0 0 39;P =0 0 2 0 ) ;与抑郁症组 [( 2 0 2± 16 2 ) μg/L]的差异无显著性 ( P >0 0 5 ) ;强迫思维 [( 85± 6 6 ) μg/L]与强迫动作组 [( 16 9± 10 0 ) μg/L]间血小板 5 HT含量的差异有显著性 (P =0 0 2 5 )。结论　强迫症患者 5 HT浓度变化与抑郁障碍患者趋同 ,与焦虑障碍患者的差异有显著性 ;单纯强迫思维者的 5 HT浓度与单纯强迫动作患者的差异有显著性     

Clinical features associated with increased severity of illness in tertiary clinic referred patients with obsessive compulsive disorder

Objective: Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a prevalent and disabling condition. Specific patterns of psychiatric comorbidity, early age at onset, long duration of illness (DI) and untreated illness (DUI) have been associated with poor outcome in OCD. The present study was aimed to explore sociodemographic and clinical characteristics associated with increased severity of illness in a sample of OCD patients.

Methods: A total of 124 OCD outpatients were recruited and divided into two groups on the basis of their severity of illness, as assessed through the Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (>24). Chi-squared test and t-test for independent samples were performed to compare sociodemographic and clinical variables between the two groups.

Results: The group with increased severity of illness had a younger age, an earlier age at onset and age at first pharmacological treatment (p?p?p?Conclusions: Earlier age, age at onset and age at first pharmacological treatment, longer DI, shorter DUI and higher rate of psychiatric comorbidities were associated with increased severity of OCD. Further studies on larger samples are warranted to confirm the reported results.     

Effects of zimeldine, a selective 5-HT reuptake inhibitor, combined with ritanserin, a selective 5-HT2 antagonist, on waking and sleep stages in rats

Sleep and waking in rats were studied 8 h following administration of a selective 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) reuptake inhibitor (zimeldine), a selective 5-HT₂ antagonist (ritanserin) and a combination of ritanserin and zimeldine. Consistent with earlier findings, zimeldine gave a biphasic effect on sleep and waking. Waking was increased the first 3 h, followed by an increase in deep slow wave sleep (SWS-2), maximal in hours 4 and 5. Ritanserin gave an increase in SWS-2 that was spread out over the recording period. Ritanserin + zimeldine also gave a biphasic effect as zimeldine did, and the initial increase in waking and the following increase in SWS-2 tended to be stronger. Thus, ritanserin did not block the initial waking effect seen after zimeldine administration, indicating that this waking effect was not due to 5-HT₂ stimulation. The increase in SWS-2 seemed to reflect an addition of the increases following the zimeldine and ritanserin alone conditions. This suggests that the increase in SWS-2 seen after 5-HT reuptake inhibition and 5-HT₂ blockade are independent phenomena. Zimeldine alone, ritanserin alone and the combination all gave a clear reduction of rapid eye movement sleep.     

强迫症患者血小板5-羟色胺、血浆催乳素及地塞米松抑制试验的研究

目的　从神经递质与神经内分泌角度探讨强迫症的生化病理机制。方法　采用高效液相色谱法及放射免疫测定法 ,分别测定 2 9例强迫症患者和 2 8名正常对照者血小板 5 羟色胺 (5 HT)含量及血浆催乳素 (PRL)含量 ,并进行地塞米松抑制试验 (DST)。结果　强迫症组血小板 5 HT水平[(0 8± 1 0 )nmol/10 9个血小板 ]低于正常对照组 [(1 4± 1 2 )nmol/10 9个血小板 ],差异有显著性 (P <0 0 5 ) ;而血浆PRL水平 [(337± 192 )nmol/L]与对照组 [(2 87± 116 )nmol/L]相比 ,差异无显著性 (P >0 0 5 ) ;强迫症组于晨 8时的血浆基础皮质醇含量 [(375± 15 2 )nmol/L]高于正常对照组 [(2 6 2± 138)nmol/L],差异有非常显著性 (P <0 0 1) ,其DST阳性率为 2 4 %～ 17% ,与正常对照组 (14 %～ 11% )相比 ,差异无显著性 (P >0 0 5 )。结论　强迫症患者存在 5 HT能低下和神经内分泌功能的紊乱 ,强迫症的 5 HT能假说能解释其某些内分泌功能紊乱。     

Serotonin 5-HT1A, 5-HT1B, and 5-HT2A receptor mRNA expression in subjects with major depression, bipolar disorder, and schizophrenia.

BACKGROUND: Alterations of serotonin neurotransmission are implicated in both mood disorders and schizophrenia. Specific serotonin-receptor-based abnormalities in these psychiatric illnesses have been intensively studied; however, it has been difficult to draw any conclusions because of a lack of consensus. These inconsistencies have most likely arisen from the unavailability of selective ligands. METHODS: Our study used in situ hybridization to quantify 5-HT(1A), 5-HT(1B), and 5-HT(2A) mRNA levels in the hippocampus (HC) and 5-HT(1A) and 5-HT(2A) mRNA levels in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) of subjects with a history of major depression disorder (MDD), bipolar disorder (BPD), schizophrenia, and a normal comparison group (15 subjects per group). RESULTS: In the DLPFC, there is a significant decrease in 5-HT(1A) mRNA of subjects with MDD and in 5-HT(2A) mRNA of subjects with BPD. Subjects with MDD have a significant decrease in 5-HT(1A) mRNA in the HC; subjects with BPD and schizophrenia had increased 5-HT(1B) mRNA levels and a significant decrease in 5-HT(2A) mRNA levels in the hippocampal formation. CONCLUSIONS: Alterations in 5-HT(1A,) 5-HT(1B), and 5-HT(2A) mRNA levels in the brains of subjects with both mood disorders and schizophrenia add further support for hypothesis of dysregulation of the serotonergic system in these psychiatric disorders.     

5-HT2 antagonist ritanserin in neuroleptic-induced parkinsonism: a double-blind comparison with orphenadrine and placebo

Several studies support the hypothesis of 5-HT (serotonin) involvement in the physiopathology of the extrapyramidal system. Ritanserin is a new compound with a high, selective, and long-lasting binding affinity for 5-HT2 receptors. A therapeutic effect of ritanserin has been reported in Parkinson's tremor and L-Dopa-induced dyskinesias but no effect was seen in essential tremor. In this double-blind comparative study with orphenadrine (150 mg daily p.o.) and placebo, ritanserin (30 mg daily p.o.) was administered to 36 schizophrenic outpatients who were being treated with neuroleptic drugs and who had parkinsonism. For a period of 3 weeks, the treatment was added to the antipsychotic therapy after a 7-day washout from previous antiparkinson medication. Psychopathology was rated weekly by the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale and showed no significant changes during the trial. The Mindham Rating Scale was used to assess symptoms of parkinsonism; at week 3, ritanserin was superior to orphenadrine (p less than 0.03) and to placebo (p less than 0.01). The results confirm previous observations of the therapeutic efficacy of ritanserin on neuroleptic-induced parkinsonism, and support the hypothesis that serotonin influences extrapyramidal physiopathology.     

5-HT2 receptor antagonism in dysthymic disorder: a double-blind placebo-controlled study with ritanserin

Thirty patients suffering from dysthymic disorder participated in a 6-week double-blind trial comparing ritanserin 10 mg and placebo. After a single-blind placebo wash-out period of one week, the test medication was administered during 5 weeks on a double-blind basis. Twenty-three patients completed the study. At the end of the trial, ritanserin was significantly superior to placebo in its effect as manifested on the 19-item Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression, the Hamilton Rating Scale for Anxiety and the State Trait Anxiety Inventory X-1 and X-2. At the end of the study, the therapeutic effect was rated marked or moderate in 75% of the ritanserin-treated patients, but only in 18% of the controls. These data are consistent with the hypothesis of serotonin abnormalities in dysthymic disorder and suggest a therapeutic role of 5-HT2 antagonists. Ritanserin treatment was very well tolerated; no serious adverse experiences were reported.     

焦虑障碍与5-HT受体关系的研究进展

焦虑障碍是一种常见的精神疾病,其发病机制目前仍不太清楚。但是近年来许多研究表明,焦虑障碍的形成与5-羟色胺有关。而5-HT复杂的生物学作用是通过特异性的5-HT受体及其亚型来实现的。在其众多的受体中,目前的研究认为5-HT1A受体、5-HT2A受体、5-HT1B受体都与焦虑障碍的发生有着密切的关系。本文就这些受体与焦虑障碍的关系研究进展做一综述。     

Direct activation by dopamine of recombinant human 5-HT1A receptors: comparison with human 5-HT2C and 5-HT3 receptors

The effects of dopamine (DA) on the function of human 5-HT1A receptors expressed in Xenopus oocytes and CHO-K1 cells were investigated. In addition, the effect of DA on the activation of three different types of human 5-HT receptors (5-HT1A, 5-HT2C, and 5-HT3) were studied comparatively in Xenopus oocyte expression system. Application of 5-HT or DA in oocytes coexpressing 5-HT1A receptors and G-protein-activated inwardly rectifying potassium channels (GIRK1) induced inward currents with respective EC50 values of 4.2 nM and 11.2 microM. Maximal responses induced by DA were 85 +/- 4% of maximal 5-HT currents and DA responses were blocked by the specific 5-HT1A antagonist, WAY-100635 (50 nM). In CHO-K1 cells expressing 5-HT1A receptors, 5-HT and DA inhibited the specific binding of selective antagonist [3H]-8-OH-DPAT with IC50 values of 10.2 nM and 1.4 microM, and both 5-HT and DA inhibited the forskolin-induced accumulation of cAMP. In oocytes expressing 5-HT2C receptors, 5-HT and DA induced inward currents with respective EC50 values of 6.2 nM and 67.7 microM. Magnitudes of maximal DA induced currents were 42 +/- 3% of maximal 5-HT responses and blocked by the 5-HT2 antagonist, piperazine (1 microM). In oocytes expressing 5-HT3 receptors, 5-HT and DA induced fast inward currents with respective EC50 values of 2.1 microM and 266.3 microM. Maximal DA induced currents were 37 +/- 3% of maximal 5-HT responses and blocked the specific 5-HT3 antagonist LY-278584 (0.1 microM). Comparison of the potencies and efficacies of 5-HT and DA indicated that the relative potency of DA increased in the order of 5-HT3 > 5-HT1A > 5-HT2C, and relative efficacy increased in the order of 5-HT1A > 5-HT2C > 5-HT3. These results suggest that although DA activates different subtypes of human 5-HT receptors directly, the potency and efficacy of the binding site varies significantly among different receptors.     

Imagery special issue: intrusive images and memories of earlier adverse events in patients with obsessive compulsive disorder

Mental imagery is increasingly considered to be an important feature in anxiety disorders. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence and characteristics of mental images in obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) and their possible association with earlier adverse events. A consecutive sample of 37 patients with OCD admitted to a specialist unit was interviewed using a semi-structured interview. Thirty (81%) patients with OCD reported mental images. Most images were either memories of earlier adverse events (n=10 or 34%) or were associated with them (n=13 or 45%). Patients with mental images had more obsessive compulsive symptoms, responsibility beliefs and anxiety than those without. Previous research has shown that patients with OCD and comorbid posttraumatic stress disorder might not benefit as much from standard behavioural treatment as those without. Consequently, additional therapeutic interventions such as imaginal reliving and restructuring of meaning or imagery modification of traumatic memories might be helpful in OCD patients with mental images that are linked to earlier adverse events.     

Involvement of 5-HT1B receptors within the ventral tegmental area in regulation of mesolimbic dopaminergic neuronal activity via GABA mechanisms: a study with dual-probe microdialysis

This study was designed to assess the involvement of 5-HT1B receptors within the ventral tegmental area (VTA) in the regulation of mesolimbic dopaminergic transmission. Dual-probe microdialysis was performed in freely moving adult Sprague-Dawley rats with one probe within the VTA and the other within the ipsilateral nucleus accumbens (NACC). Drugs were administered into the VTA via retrograde dialysis. Dialysates from both the VTA and the NAC were collected for determination of dopamine (DA) and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) by high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. Intra-tegmental infusion of CP 93129 (20, 40, and 80 microM), a 5-HT1B receptor agonist, increased extracellular DA concentrations in a concentration-dependent manner not only in the NACC but also in the VTA, indicating increased mesolimbic DA neuron activity. Administration of CP 93129 at 80 microM into the VTA also significantly decreased extracellular GABA concentrations in this region. Co-infusion of the 5-HT1B receptor antagonist SB 216641 (10 microM), but not the 5-HT1A receptor antagonist WAY 100635 (10 microM) or the 5-HT1D/1A receptor antagonist BRL 15572 (10 microM), antagonized not only the effects of intra-tegmental CP 93129 (80 microM) on VTA DA and NAC DA but also on VTA GABA. The results suggest that activation of VTA 5-HT1B receptors increases mesolimbic DA neuron activities. The increased DA neuron activity may be associated, at least in part, with the 5-HT1B receptor-mediated inhibition of VTA GABA release.     

Reinforced spatial alternation as an animal model of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD): investigation of 5-HT2C and 5-HT1D receptor involvement in OCD pathophysiology.

BACKGROUND: This study introduces a laboratory model of compulsive behavior based on persistence in the context of rewarded spatial alternation. METHODS: Rats were screened for spontaneous persistence during T-maze reinforced alternation. Experiment 1: One high and one low spontaneous persistence group (n = 8) received 20 injections of fluoxetine, a matched pair saline, both followed by 4 days of meta-chlorophenylpiperazine (mCPP) challenge. Experiment 2: Five matched groups of rats (n = 9) received pretreatment (20 injections) with fluoxetine, mCPP, desipramine, diazepam or saline, followed by 4 days of mCPP challenge (fluoxetine in mCPP group). After washout, animals received 2 days of naratriptan, followed by another 2-day mCPP challenge. RESULTS: In both experiments mCPP significantly increased persistence in saline controls. Fluoxetine also acutely increased persistence scores: after a gradual return to baseline, these scores showed tolerance to mCPP. Experiment 1: This pattern was significant in high but not low initial persistence groups. Experiment 2: Fluoxetine and mCPP showed cross-tolerance. Neither desipramine nor diazepam protected against mCPP challenge. Persistence scores returned to baseline during washout and naratriptan and were thereafter increased by another mCPP challenge in all but the fluoxetine and mCPP groups, suggesting 5-HT2C receptor mediation. CONCLUSIONS: This model is based on spontaneous persistence behavior showing pharmacological responses concordant with those of compulsive symptomatology.     

Up-regulation of 5-HT2 receptors is involved in the increased H-reflex amplitude after contusive spinal cord injury

The amplitude of the H-reflex increases chronically after incomplete SCI and is associated with the development of exaggerated hindlimb reflexes. Although the mechanism for this increased H-reflex is not clear, previous studies have shown that pharmacological activation of the 5-HT2 receptors (5-HT2R) can potentiate the monosynaptic reflex. This study tested the hypothesis that increased expression of 5-HT2R on motoneurons is involved in increased H-reflex amplitude after a standardized clinically relevant contusive SCI. Adult female rats were subjected to contusion, complete surgical transection, or a T8 laminectomy only. At 4 weeks after surgery, H-reflex recordings from the hindpaw plantar muscles of contused rats showed twice the amplitude of that in laminectomy controls or transected rats. To probe the role of 5-HT2R in this increased amplitude, dose-response studies were done with the selective antagonists mianserin or LY53857 and the 5-HT2R agonist (+/-)-1-(2,5-Dimethoxy-4-iodophenyl)-2-aminopropane hydrochloride (DOI). The drugs were intrathecally infused into the lumbar cord while recording the H-reflex. Mianserin did not have any significant effects on the H-reflex after transection, consistent with the loss of distal serotonergic innervation. After contusion, both 5-HT2R antagonists reduced the H-reflex reflex amplitude with a significantly higher ID50 compared to the uninjured controls. The 5-HT2R agonist DOI significantly increased reflex amplitude in contused but not control rats. Furthermore, while 5-HT immunoreactivity was similar, contused rats displayed increased 5-HT2AR immunoreactivity in plantar muscle motoneurons compared to uninjured controls. We conclude that increased expression of 5-HT2R is likely to be involved in the enhanced H-reflex that develops after contusive SCI.     

Mid-term effects of serial sleep deprivation therapy implemented in cognitive-behavioral treatment on the neuroendocrine response to clomipramine in patients with major depression

While data dealing with neurobiological effects of sleep deprivation (SD) are mainly restricted to the acute effects of a single night, only few studies have investigated mid-term effects after repeated SD. We therefore examined the clinical and hormonal characteristics of depressive patients before and after serial SD to determine potential sustained effects, focusing especially on serotoninergic functions. One tool to investigate serotoninergic dysfunction in depression is the use of serotoninergic agents to stimulate hormonal secretion, which is assumed to normalize during a clinically effective therapy. Eighteen drug-free inpatients with unipolar major depression received cognitive-behavioral treatment for three weeks and - according to a randomized control design - additional SD therapy (six nights of total SD within three weeks, separated by nights of recovery sleep) or no SD therapy (control group). Serotoninergic function was assessed by measuring cortisol and prolactin in response to intravenously administered clomipramine (12.5 mg) before and after the treatment period. The post-treatment challenge test was performed three days after the last SD night. Apart from of a transient overnight improvement of mood induced by SD, both groups showed a comparable clinical course during the three-week treatment period. Compared to the control group, the SD-treated patients exhibited significantly decreased pre-stimulation cortisol levels and significantly increased cortisol responses to clomipramine, whereas no treatment effects were observed for prolactin. In conclusion, our findings suggest that the mid-term effects of serial SD therapy lead to a normalization of serotoninergic dysfunction, although an obvious impact on clinical symptoms was not detected.     

Validation of a selective serotonin 5-HT(2C) receptor antibody for utilization in fluorescence immunohistochemistry studies

Although radioligand binding studies have shown that the serotonin 5-HT(2C) receptor (5-HT(2C)R) is widely expressed throughout the brain, more detailed knowledge of 5-HT(2C)R distribution within different neuronal populations will aid in understanding the mechanisms through which this receptor acts. Double-label immunohistochemical procedures can be utilized to examine the localization of receptors within specific neuronal populations. In order to conduct such studies, however, it was first necessary to examine the utility and specificity of two commercially available anti-5-HT(2C)R antibodies [from Santa Cruz (SC) and BD PharMingen (PH)]. In male Sprague-Dawley rats, both antibodies produced widespread immunoreactivity (IR) throughout the brain area chosen for study, the ventral tegmental area, which is the origin of the dopamine mesocorticoaccumbens "reward" pathway. Co-labeling with the SC and PH 5-HT(2C)R antibodies demonstrated that IR for the two antibodies largely overlapped. However, SC 5-HT(2C)R IR was more concentrated within IR cell bodies and was more consistent among assays than the PH 5-HT(2C)R IR. Thus, the SC 5-HT(2C)R antibody was chosen for subsequent studies. When examined in 5-HT(2C)R knockout vs. wild-type mice, the SC 5-HT(2C)R antibody produced widespread IR in wild-type, but not 5-HT(2C)R knockout, mice. In addition, 5-HT(2C)R-IR was not present in either native CHO cells, known to be devoid of 5-HT(2A)R or 5-HT(2C)R, or in CHO cells transfected with the 5-HT(2A)R. Thus, these studies suggest that the SC 5-HT(2C)R antibody produces reliable staining selective for 5-HT(2C)R vs. 5-HT(2A)R in rodent brains and is therefore suitable for use in future immunofluorescence 5-HT(2C)R localization studies.     

Serotonergic signalling between thyroid cells: protein kinase C and 5-HT2 receptors in the secretion and action of serotonin.

Parafollicular (PF) cells of the thyroid gland are neural crest derivatives, which costore the neurotransmitter, 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) with calcitonin. PF cells are located adjacent to follicular (F) cells within the basement membrane of thyroid follicles. It has been proposed that 5-HT serves an intercellular signalling function in the thyroid and that F cells are its target. This proposal was tested by using cell lines derived from PF (medullary thyroid carcinoma [MTC]) and F (FRTL-5) cells to study the mechanisms that mediate the secretion and action of 5-HT. Secretion of 5-HT by MTC cells was evoked by thyroid stimulating hormone, thyrotropin (TSH), elevated extracellular calcium (increases [Ca2+]e), or by agents that increase intracellular cAMP (increases [cAMP]i). When protein kinase C (PKC) was down-regulated by prolonged treatment of MTC cells with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA), or PKC was inhibited by staurosporin, the TSH- or PMA-evoked secretion of 5-HT was blocked; however, interference with PKC function did not affect 5-HT secretion evoked by increases [Ca2+]e or increases [cAMP]i. In the putative targets, FRTL-5 cells, 5-HT increased the turnover of phosphoinositides (PI), cytosolic calcium (increases [Ca2+]i), increases [cAMP]i, and biphasically modified the effect of TSH on cAMP. All of these 5-HT effects were inhibited by 5-HT2 receptor antagonists (spiperone and ketanserin) and by pertussis toxin (PTx), suggesting that the actions of 5-HT are mediated by 5-HT2 receptors, which are coupled to a G protein. This suggestion was supported by the following additional observations: FRTL-5 membranes bound the 5-HT2 agonist, [125I]2,5-dimethoxy-4-iodophenylisopropylamine ([125I]-DOI), and anti-idiotypic antibodies, which recognize 5-HT2 receptors. [125I]-DOI binding was inhibited by guanosine-5'-O-(3-thiotriphosphate) (GTP-gamma-S) and the antibodies were displaced by spiperone. Data are consistent with the hypothesis that 5-HT serves as a PF to F cell messenger.     

Electrophysiological evidence for a functional interaction between 5-HT1A and 5-HT2A receptors in the rat medial prefrontal cortex: An lontophoretic study

In this study, we examined the interaction of 5-HT_1A and 5-HT_2A receptors in the rat medial prefrontal cortex (mPFc) using the techniques of extracellular single unit recording and microiontophoresis. The iontophoresis of the selective 5-HT_1A receptor agonist (±)-8-hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino) tetralin (8-OHDPAT) produced a current-dependent suppression (2.5-20 nA) of the basal firing rate of spontaneously active mPFc cells. The iontophoretic (5-10 nA) and systemic administration (0.1-0.5 mg/kg, i.v. ) of the 5-HT_2A/5-HT_2C receptor antagonist ritanserin and the selective 5 HT_2A receptor antagonist MDL 28727 significantly potentiated and prolonged 8-OHDPATs suppressant action. In addition, the systemic administration of another selective 5-HT_2A antagonist MDL 100907, but not its less active enantiomer MDL 100009, also potentiated and prolonged 8-OHDPATs action. The potentiating effect of the 5-HT_2A receptor antagonists on the action of 8-OHDPAT is specific in that neither the iontophoresis of ritanserin nor MDL 28727 altered the suppressant action produced by the iontophoresis of the 5-HT₃ receptor agonist 2-methylserotonin onto mPFc cells. Moreover, the suppressant action of 8-OHDPAT was not altered by the systemic administration of the selective 5-HT₃ receptor antagonist granisetron (0.1-0.5 mg/kg, i.v.). On the other hand, the iontophoresis of a low current (0.5 nA) of the 5-HT_2A,2C receptor agonist (±)-1-(2,5-dimethoxy-4-iodophenyl)-2-aminopropane (DOI) potentiated the excitation induced by the iontophoresis of 1-glutamate on quiescent mPFc cells. The iontophoresis of 8-OHD-PAT at a current that had no effect on the firing rate of 1-glutamate activated when administered alone significantly attenuated the excitatory action produced by the iontophoresis of DOI. Overall these results confirm and extend the hypothesis that there is an interaction between 5-HT_1A and 5-HT_2A receptors in the mPFc at the neuronal level. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

双相障碍与单相抑郁患者雌二醇和催乳素水平对照研究

目的探讨双相障碍、单相抑郁患者与健康人群之间雌二醇、催乳素水平差异以及性激素水平与躁狂、抑郁症状之间的相关性。方法选取2014年1月-2015年5月收住北京回龙观医院的符合《国际疾病分类(第10版)》(ICD-10)双相情感障碍、抑郁发作诊断标准的患者99例(男性55例,女性44例)。采用汉密尔顿抑郁量表24项版(HAMD-24)、蒙哥马利-艾森贝格抑郁量表(MADRS)评估抑郁症状,采用贝克-拉范森躁狂量表(BRMS)评估躁狂症状;选取与患者组性别、年龄及受教育程度相匹配的42例健康人作为对照组。采用化学发光免疫分析法检测研究对象周围血中雌二醇、催乳素水平。结果催乳素水平在双相障碍组、单相抑郁组以及健康对照组之间差异有统计学意义(F=6.575,P0.05),而三组雌二醇水平差异无统计学意义(P0.05),催乳素水平与BRMS评分呈正相关(r=0.361,P=0.033),雌二醇水平与抑郁症状及躁狂症状评分相关均不显著(P0.05)。结论心境障碍患者存在性激素水平的改变;性激素水平与情感症状严重程度存在相关性。