妄想性与非妄想性抑郁症的临床对照研究

为探讨妄想性与非妄想性抑郁症的临床特征差异,对71例妄想性抑郁症与132例非妄想性抑郁症进行了临床对照研究。结果显示,妄想性抑郁症的精神病家族史、幻觉、自责自罪、绝望、自杀行为等出现率显高于非妄想性抑郁症;妄想性抑郁症的自杀行为危险必理非妄想性抑郁症的1.99倍;妄想性抑郁症可能需联合治疗。提示妄想抑郁症可能抑郁症中的一种独特的亚型,值得进一步探讨。     

妄想性抑郁症55例临床分析

对55例妄想性抑郁症与92例非妄想性抑郁症病人进行临床对照分析，结果表明，妄想性抑郁症幻听，焦虑激越，自责自罪，绝望，自杀行为等症状出现率较高，自杀率为非妄想性抑郁症的3．7倍，往往需要联合治疗方能奏效。     

妄想性抑郁症与非妄想性抑郁症的临床特点比较

为了探讨抑郁症的临床特点，本文对７８例抑郁症患者按照有无妄想症状分为２组，结果显示妄想性抑郁症组焦虑激越、绝望、自杀行为比非妄想性抑郁症组发生率高，可见于各种临床亚型。两组病前性格有显著性差异Ｐ〈０．０５。妄想性抑郁症以联合用药为多，非妄想组以单用药为多。     

老年期与非老年期妄想性抑郁症临床对照分析

对３２例老年期妄想性抑郁症和３６例非老年期妄想性抑郁症进行了对照分析，发现两组抑郁的表现相仿，属同一疾病单元。前者疑病、焦虑激越、思维困难、自杀行为等症状出现率较高，有明显的精神及躯体因素，与年龄的关系密切。     

妄想性抑郁症与非妄想性抑郁症临床对照研究

对83例妄想性抑郁症和133例非妄想性抑郁症进行临床对照研究。结果表明,妄想性抑郁症在阳性家族史、内倾性格,临床症状中的自责自罪和自杀行为方面显著高于非妄想性抑郁症;治疗时多采用三环抗抑郁剂联合抗精神病药;伴有的妄想依次为罪恶妄想,关系妄想、被害妄想和疑病妄想等。     

抑郁症与精神分裂症中妄想对照研究

目的：探讨精神病性抑郁症与精神分裂症妄想症状的差异。方法：对65例精神病性抑郁症及115例精神分裂症患者妄想差异的比较。结果：精神病性抑郁症妄想的发生率及多种妄想并存率显著低于精神分裂症;缺乏夸妄想,但罪恶、疑病等妄想发生率显著高于精神分裂症;被害妄想对象不如精神分裂症泛化,2次住院的妄想再现率明显低于精神分裂症。结论：精神病性抑郁症的妄想继发于情感症状,处于从属地位,没有与情感背景完全对立的妄想,与精神分裂症的妄想有诸多差异。     

妄想性和非妄想性抑郁症的治疗

对81例妄想性抑郁症和140例非妄想性抑郁症病人的治疗进行对照分析。结果表明,妄想性抑郁症对单独用三环抗抑郁剂治疗效果欠佳,而三环抗抑郁剂和抗精神病药物联合应用疗效较好。舒必利对妄想性和非妄想性抑郁症的疗效都很满意。     

妄想、抑郁和自杀行为

采用回了性的方法，分析了81例妄想性和140例非妄想性抑郁症病人的自杀行为，并用122例伴有妄想症状的精神分裂症作为对照，结果表明，妄想性抑郁症的自杀行为的相对危险性是非妄想性抑郁症的2．87倍，但男性病人两者的自杀行为无明显的差异，而女性病人两者的差异非常显著（P＜0．005），精神分裂症的自杀行为远远少于妄想性和非妄想性抑郁症（P＜0．005）。     

新型抗抑郁药治疗妄想性抑郁症对照观察

目的:探讨帕罗西汀和文拉法辛对妄想性和非妄想性抑郁症的疗效。方法:48例妄想性抑郁症患者和76例非妄想性抑郁症患者各分为两组,分别用帕罗西汀和文拉法辛治疗。疗程6周。采用汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD)评定抑郁的严重程度。结果:帕罗西汀和文拉法辛对妄想性抑郁症和非妄想性抑郁症的疗效差异均无显著性(P均>0.05)。结论:帕罗西汀和文拉法辛治疗妄想性抑郁症和非妄想性抑郁症均有效。     

216例妄想性与非妄想性抑郁症的临床特征比较

作者对 8 3例妄想性抑郁症和 13 3例非妄想性抑郁症作了临床特征对照研究 ,现将结果报告于后。1　对象与方法本文对象共 2 16例 ,均符合ＣＣＭＤ— 2—Ｒ中抑郁发作的标准 ,并排除器质性抑郁、精神分裂症后抑郁、神经症性抑郁和心因性抑郁等。其中妄想性抑郁症 83例 (下称研究组 ) ,非妄想性抑郁症 13 3例 (下称对照组 )。对两组进行对照研究。2　结　　果2 1　一般资料比较　研究组男 43例 ( 5 1 81% ) ,女 40例( 4 8 19% ) ;年龄 16～ 63岁 ,平均 ( 3 7 5 1± 12 0 1)岁 ;已婚 5 0例( 60 2 4% ) ,未婚 3 3例 ( 3 9 76% )。对照组男 65…     

试析老年痴呆患者的被窃妄想

目的了解老年痴呆患者被窃妄想的临床特征。方法将83例老年痴呆患者按有无嫉妒妄想分为两组，并就痴呆严重度、类型、伴随症状等进行对照分析。结果被窃妄想在老年痴呆患者中的发生率较高（56．％）；痴呆严重程度轻于无被窃妄想者；被窃妄想在阿尔茨海默病（AD）中的发生率高于血管性痴呆（VD）；有被窃妄想者伴有较多嫉妒妄想（P均〈0．05）。结论被窃妄想可能是老年痴呆较敏感的临床症状之一，尤其对轻度AD的诊断有一定意义。     

抑郁症自杀行为的相关危险因素研究

目的　研究抑郁症自杀行为的危险因素。方法　按CCMD 2 R诊断标准收集 2 0 7例住院的抑郁症病人 ,采用多因素Logistic回归分析与抑郁症自杀行为有关的危险因素。 结果　抑郁症自杀未遂 6 6例 ( 31 9% ) ,自杀与绝望 (相对危险度RR =9 30 8)、负性生活事件 (RR =3 84 2 )、妄想 (RR =3 56 5)及自责 (RR =2 99)呈正相关。结论　提示绝望、负性生活事件、妄想及自责是抑郁症患者自杀的危险因素     

Characteristics of suicide attempters with depressive disorders

Abstract   Attempted suicide is known to be an important risk factor of committed suicide. Past studies of the relationship of attempted suicide with mental disorders have shown that it is most closely related to depression. The objective of the present study was to clarify characteristics of depression and measures to prevent committed suicide by comparing depression with other mental disorders. The patients with depression were significantly more often aged, males, married, and used methods other than poisoning by solids or liquids compared with patients with other mental disorders. Particularly, the major risk factors of attempted suicide (i.e. a younger age and the female gender), did not apply to our depressed patients. These results suggest that approaches such as intensive psychiatric treatment may lead to the prevention of committed suicide in older male patients with depression who have attempted suicide.     

Antidepressant medication prevents suicide in depression

Isacsson G, Reutfors J, Papadopoulos FC, Ösby U, Ahlner J. Antidepressant medication prevents suicide in depression. Objective: Ecological studies have demonstrated a substantial decrease in suicide in parallel with an increasing use of antidepressants. To investigate on the individual level the hypothesis that antidepressant medication was a causal factor. Method: Data on the toxicological detection of antidepressants in 18 922 suicides in Sweden 1992–2003 were linked to registers of psychiatric hospitalization as well as registers with sociodemographic data. Results: The probability for the toxicological detection of an antidepressant was lowest in the non‐suicide controls, higher in suicides, and even higher in suicides that had been psychiatric in‐patients but excluding those who had been in‐patients for the treatment of depression. Conclusion: The finding that in‐patient care for depression did not increase the probability of the detection of antidepressants in suicides is difficult to explain other than by the assumption that a substantial number of depressed individuals were saved from suicide by postdischarge treatment with antidepressant medication.     

精神分裂症与抑郁症家庭内部伤害案司法鉴定资料分析

目的分析精神分裂症与抑郁症家庭内部伤害的规律与特点。方法采用自编调查表,对2003-2006年家庭内伤害案中诊断精神分裂症与抑郁症的鉴定资料进行回顾性分析。结果精神分裂症46例,抑郁症20例,精神分裂症以男性为主,抑郁症男女均等。伤害对象精神分裂症以父母、夫妻为主,抑郁症以夫妻、子女为主。影响辨谁能力及控制能力的精神症状,精神分裂症以妄想及幻觉为主,抑郁症以扩大自杀、抑郁情绪及妄想为主。结论鉴定中家庭内伤害案件中仍以精神分裂症及抑郁症等精神障碍患者为主,二者往往病程较长,治疗不及时,家人关怀及管理少最易而产生伤害行为。     

Do Stroke Patients have an Increased Risk of Developing Suicidal Ideation or Dying by Suicide? An Overview of the Current Literature

Stroke is a leading cause of death that affects 15 million people worldwide each year. Increasing evidence suggests that stroke confers substantial risk for suicide and following a stroke, patients frequently develop poststroke depression, which is a well‐established risk factor for suicide. In this overview of the current literature, we examined the association between suffering a stroke and subsequent risk for suicide and suicidal ideation. We performed a careful MedLine, Excerpta Medica, PsycLit, PsycInfo, and Index Medicus search to identify all articles and book chapters in English. We initially selected 31 articles published between 1990 and 2011; however, only 16 studies were included in this review. All articles identified stroke as a significant risk factor for suicide, especially among depressed patients, providing further support for poststroke depression and suicidality. The results also indicated that there were differences between patients who developed acute‐onset suicidal plans and those who reported delayed‐onset plans, which occurred more frequently. Many of the stroke patients who died by suicide suffered from depression prior to their death, suggesting that being diagnosed with a mood disorder contributes to an increased risk of suicide in this population. Suffering from a stroke increases the risk of dying by suicide and developing suicidal ideation, particularly in young adults and women. The factors found to confer the most risk for suicidality were depression, previous mood disorder, prior history of stroke, and cognitive impairment.     

Epilepsy and suicide: pathogenesis, risk factors, and prevention

Depression and suicide tendencies are common in chronic diseases, especially in epilepsy and diabetes. Suicide is one of the most important causes of death, and is usually underestimated. We have analyzed several studies that compare mortality as a result of suicide in epileptic patients and in the general population. All the studies show that epileptic patients have a stronger tendency toward suicide than healthy controls. Moreover it seems that some kinds of epilepsy have a higher risk for suicide (temporal-lobe epilepsy). Among the risk factors are surgery therapy (suicide tendency five times higher than patients in pharmacological therapy), absence of seizures for a long time, especially after being very frequent, and psychiatric comorbidity (major depression, anxiety-depression disorders, personality disorders, substance abuse, psychoses). The aim of the review was to analyze the relationship between suicide and epilepsy, to identify the major risk factors, and to analyze effective treatment options.     

伴抑郁症状的精神分裂症的临床特征分析

目的了解伴抑郁症状的精神分裂症的临床特症。方法对８１例伴抑郁症状的精神分裂症、１００例不伴抑郁症状的精神分裂症及６０例抑郁症患者进行临床对照研究。结果伴抑郁症状的精神分裂症具有每次发病时间长、易复发的特点，临床表现以罪恶妄想、疑病妄想、虚无妄想、贫穷妄想多见，抑郁症状以无助、无望感及精神运动性迟滞突出；加用与不加用抗抑郁剂比较，在治疗起效时间、症状改善时间方面的差异均有非常显著性（Ｐ＜０．０１）。结论对伴抑郁症状的精神分裂症患者给予适当的社会支持、治疗上加用抗抑郁剂是缩短疗程的有效途径之一