乳腺癌X线表现分析

目的分析乳腺癌典型及不典型X线征象,提高对乳腺癌不典型X线表现的认识。方法对61例经手术病理证实的乳腺癌资料进行回顾性分析。结果61例乳腺癌主要X线征象:肿块39例;微小钙化30例;不伴肿块及微小钙化的乳腺局部结构紊乱4例、星芒征3例、非对称性密度增高3例。结论肿块及微小钙化是乳腺癌最主要、最直接的X线征象,但部分乳腺癌X线上缺乏上述2种表现,单纯以结构紊乱、非对称性密度增高或星芒征为主要表现。提高对此类乳腺癌不典型X线表现的认识,有利于防止误、漏诊。     

青年女性乳腺癌X线征象与病理特征对照研究

目的 探讨数字化乳腺X线摄影对青年女性乳腺癌的诊断价值.方法 收集经病理证实的76例青年女性乳腺癌患者临床及X线影像资料,乳腺影像和数据报告系统(BI-RADS)4B类以上为检出阳性,回顾性分析X线征象与病理、患者年龄与乳腺癌分期、免疫组化指标之间的关系.结果 76例乳腺癌中,年龄<30岁17例,30～35岁59例,X...     

乳腺癌的X线表现及病理基础

目的　分析常见乳腺癌的X线表现及其病理基础。方法　经乳腺X线检查 ,手术、病理证实的乳腺癌灶 397个 ,包括浸润性导管癌 2 97个、导管原位癌及导管原位癌伴微浸润 38个、黏液腺癌 2 1个、髓样癌 2 2个和浸润性小叶癌 19个。观察乳腺癌的X线表现 ,与病理分型、分级对照。结果　 ( 1)癌灶的X线表现为有钙化者 170个 ( 42 8%) ,有肿块者 2 5 8个 ( 6 5 0 %) ,有结构扭曲者 33个( 8 3%)。 ( 2 )有钙化者易出现在导管原位癌和浸润性导管癌中 ( χ2 =30 90 ,P <0 0 0 1) ,尤其单纯钙化多出现在导管原位癌中 ( 6 5 8%,2 5 / 38)。 ( 3)呈肿块表现的多见于髓样癌 ( 90 9%,2 0 / 2 2 )和黏液腺癌 ( 81 0 %,17/ 2 1) ,与其他乳腺癌相比差异有非常显著意义 ( χ2 =30 87,P <0 0 0 1)。肿块伴钙化 99个 ,在各病理类型乳腺癌中均可见 ,但当钙化颗粒 >10枚 ( χ2 =11 47,P <0 0 0 1)或钙化灶直径≥ 3cm(Fisher法精确 χ2 检验 ,P =0 0 2 3 7)则多见于导管原位癌和浸润性导管癌。单纯肿块改变 15 9个病灶 ,各类乳腺癌的边缘改变不完全相同 ( χ2 =34 82 ,P <0 0 5 )。 ( 4)结构扭曲伴钙化仅见于浸润性导管癌 ,单纯结构扭曲见于浸润性导管癌和浸润性小叶癌 ,其他类型未见。 ( 5 )对浸润性导管癌 ,Ⅰ、Ⅱ级     

乳腺癌X线影像学表现与病理对照研究

目的：分析乳腺癌影像学特征和病理表现,揭示影像病理基础,提高影像诊断的准确性。方法：50例病人均经影像学检查及手术病理证实,在镜下观察病灶内部、边缘及周围结构。结果：50例乳腺癌中肿块影21例,微小钙化24例,致密影9例,星芒影3例,局部结构紊乱9例,血管影增多、增粗7例;病理为浸润性导管癌22例,单纯癌21例,大汗腺样癌3例,粘液腺癌2例,乳头状癌1例,小叶浸润癌1例。结论：致密影、星芒征可作为早期乳腺癌的特征影像学表现,结构紊乱、血管影增多及增粗是乳腺癌重要的影像学间接征象。     

乳腺脂肪坏死的X线表现及病理对照研究

目的 探讨乳腺脂肪坏死的X线表现及病理基础，提高对脂肪坏死的认识。方法 回顾性分析经手术、病理证实的91例（其中2例为双侧乳腺脂肪坏死，共93个病变。）脂肪坏死X线表现，并与病理结果对照。结果 主要X线表现：（1）无任何异常X线发现14例（15．4％）；（2）脂性囊肿6例（6．6％）；（3）表现为肿物20例（22．0％），其中1例为双侧乳腺脂肪坏死；（4）表现为小结节13例（14．3％）；（5）脂肪层内星芒影、斑片影、索条影混杂出现28例（30．8％），其中1例为双侧乳腺脂肪坏死；（6）脂肪层内索条影交织呈网状5例（5．5％）；（7）结构不良者5例（5．5％）。分布部位：（1）位于脂肪层内55例；（2）向脂肪层突出或位于脂肪层与腺体交界处13例，常规位摄片位于脂肪层与腺体交界处的脂肪坏死，切线位投照有利于将病变显示于脂肪层内；（3）位于腺体之间9例；（4）乳腺平片未见异常发现14例。病理表现：（1）脂性囊肿是病变早期的特征性X线表现。（2）脂肪层内不均匀密度肿物影或小结节影为病变中期的特征性表现，反应了纤维组织逐渐替代了液化坏死的脂肪组织。（3）脂肪层内或浅层腺体内局限星芒状致密影以及不规则的网状影最常见，是病变后期的特征性表现。反应了坏死脂肪组织被吸收，周围残留部分纤维组织。通常不同病理时期的X线表现常同时出现。结论 乳腺X线摄影对于脂肪坏死具有重要诊断价值。     

三阴性乳腺癌病理特征及钼靶X线表现分析

目的:研究三阴性乳腺癌(TNBC)的临床病理特征,分析其钼靶X线表现。方法:对2004年11月～2011年11月我院收治的28例TNBC的临床资料进行回顾性研究。结果:本组患者均为女性,中位年龄46岁,TNBC占同期乳腺癌的11.7%。病理类型以浸润性导管癌为主。X线表现以钙化为主,肿块伴钙化多见。结论:TNBC具有独特的生物学特性及临床病理特征,发病年龄较轻、肿瘤直径较大,钼靶X线表现多样。本研究为探讨其X线表现与病理学及分子生物学之间的相关性提供了参考。     

乳腺癌X线与病理对照分析

目的：探讨钼靶乳腺癌X线影像学表现，分析其病理基础，以提高乳腺癌的诊断水平。方法：分析经手术证实的56例乳腺癌患者的X线影像学资料及其病理学资料。结果：本组乳腺癌患者56例乳腺癌中X线表现为肿块36例；微小钙化（簇样、短棒样）11例：星芒影9例；局部密度增高、结构紊乱4例；血管影增多、增粗、迂曲10例；乳晕增厚8例；乳头凹陷7例；乳后间隙结构不清或消失3例。病理为浸润性导管癌47例；单纯癌7例；大汗腺样癌1例；导管内乳头状癌1例。结论：诊断乳腺癌除了重视特征性征象：肿块影、簇样钙化、星芒征，还应重视局部致密影、局部结构紊乱、血管影增多及增粗等间接征象；乳腺癌的病理基础不同，导致了不同类型的X线表现。     

乳腺叶状瘤的X线表现与病理特征

目的　探讨乳腺叶状瘤 (phyllodestumor,PT)的X线表现与病理特征 ,以期从影像学角度提高对该病的认识。方法　回顾性分析 13例经病理证实的PTX线表现与病理。结果　 13例PT中9例肿块表现为圆形、边缘光整有“透明晕”(病理上有完整“包膜”) ,6例为低度恶性 ,3例为中度恶性。 4例肿块部分界限模糊 (病理上 3例呈浸润性生长 ,“包膜”不完整 ) ,3例为中、高度恶性 ,1例为低度恶性。肿瘤直径 <5 0cm的 8例中 ,中、高度恶性 5例 ;肿瘤直径 5 0～ 10 0cm的 5例中 ,低度恶性4例。结论　中年妇女乳房内肿块大而周边有“透明晕”是PT较特征的X线征象 ,近期迅速增大有助于诊断。PTX线表现与组织学分级有一定关系 ,边界不清楚提示恶性程度较高 ,但并非完全可靠     

男性乳腺癌的X线表现及临床分析

目的 探讨男性乳腺癌的X线表现,以增强对本病的认识,提高其临床检出率.方法 收集天津医科大学附属肿瘤医院影像数据库2006-2010年行乳腺X线摄影检查,并根据BI-RADS分类标准诊断为乳腺癌的病例13例,回顾分析本病的X线表现及临床特点,并与男性乳腺的其他疾病进行鉴别诊断,总结男性乳腺癌的X线诊断要点.结果 X线表现为无钙化的肿物9例(69.2%),表现为伴有微钙化灶的肿物4例(30.8%).肿块在乳晕下8例(61.5%),分布于周围象限5例(38.5%).13例均表现为肿块,其中形状不规则9例(69.2%),呈分叶状2例(15.4%),类圆形1例(7.7%),圆形1例(7.7%).9例肿块呈高密度影(69.2%),4例呈等密度影(30.8%).所有患者均经病理证实,11例恶性,其中乳腺癌10例,非霍奇金淋巴瘤1例,另2例诊断为单纯囊肿伴慢性炎症1例和男性乳腺发育症1例.结论 男性乳腺癌X线摄影检查具有诊断价值,其通常表现为乳晕下无钙化的肿物,与男性乳腺发育症X线表现类似,容易误诊.     

乳腺分叶状肿瘤的X线表现及病理对照分析

目的:分析乳腺分叶状肿瘤的X线表现,以提高对该病的认识。方法:回顾性分析经手术病理证实的16例乳腺分叶状肿瘤的X线表现及临床资料,并与病理结果进行对照。结果:16例乳腺分叶状肿瘤中,良性11例,交界性3例,恶性2例。乳腺X线表现为肿块10例,其中无钙化肿块9例,肿块伴钙化1例;类圆形3例,分叶状7例;边缘清晰4例,边缘模糊6例。乳腺X线表现为边缘模糊的团块状致密腺体影6例。乳腺X线诊断与病理诊断的符合率为62.5%。结论:乳腺分叶状肿瘤在乳腺X线表现上不具特异性,最终仍依靠组织病理学诊断。     

数字乳腺摄影的计算机辅助诊断在乳腺癌筛查中的应用

目的:探讨数字钼靶乳腺摄影及计算机辅助诊断(CAD)在乳腺癌筛查诊断中的价值。方法:2010年1月至2011年1月我院数字乳腺钼靶摄片并经手术证实的40例纳入研究,包括乳腺癌35例(其中原位癌6例)和乳腺腺体增生5例。术前分别在普通显示器上读片诊断和工作站上使用CAD软件读片诊断,然后比较分析。结果:使用普通医用显示器的乳腺癌诊断的敏感性为71.4%,准确性75%;使用CAD分析的乳腺癌诊断的敏感性为88.6%,准确性90%。应用CAD对微钙化检出的敏感性明显高于普通医用显示器(P=0.032)。结论:数字乳腺摄影结合CAD有助于乳腺癌筛查诊断。     

乳腺锥光束CT平扫与数字乳腺X线摄影对乳腺病灶检出及定性比较

目的 探讨锥光束乳腺CT(CBBCT)平扫与数字乳腺X线摄影(DM)对乳腺病灶的检出情况及定性情况,研究CBBCT平扫是否较DM更适于临床诊断需要.方法 回顾性分析2020年10月至2021年1月同时接受CBBCT平扫和DM检查的患者,患者均为女性且行病理检查.结果 CBBCT平扫共检出83个病灶,DM共检出67个病灶...     

乳腺病变的数字化摄影与屏片摄影之比较研究

目的:比较数字化乳腺摄影与屏片乳腺摄影对于乳腺病变的显示效果,明确数字化乳腺摄影的临床应用价值.材料和方法:本研究包括60例本院乳腺手术患者,同时进行前瞻性的屏片和数字化乳腺摄影,根据BI-RADS描述、诊断影像,并与病理结果对照分析,比较两者对乳腺病变的诊断价值.结果:数字化和屏片乳腺摄影对于乳腺病变的大多数影像学表现,其显示效果差异无统计学意义.数字化乳腺摄影显示钙化灶的效果优于屏片乳腺摄影,且有明显的统计学意义.结论:数字化乳腺摄影已达到与屏片乳腺摄影相同的诊断效果,且数字化乳腺摄影显示钙化灶具有相当的优势.     

Digital Breast Tomosynthesis versus MRI as an Adjunct to Full-Field Digital Mammography for Preoperative Evaluation of Breast Cancer according to Mammographic Density

ObjectiveTo compare digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) and MRI as an adjunct to full-field digital mammography (FFDM) for the preoperative evaluation of women with breast cancer based on mammographic density.Materials and MethodsThis retrospective study enrolled 280 patients with breast cancer who had undergone FFDM, DBT, and MRI for preoperative local tumor staging. Three radiologists independently sought the index cancer and additional ipsilateral and contralateral breast cancers using either FFDM alone, DBT plus FFDM, or MRI plus FFDM. Diagnostic performances across the three radiologists were compared among the reading modes in all patients and subgroups with dense (n = 186) and non-dense breasts (n = 94) according to mammographic density.ResultsOf 280 patients, 46 (16.4%) had 48 additional (39 ipsilateral and nine contralateral) cancers in addition to the index cancer. For index cancers, both DBT plus FFDM and MRI plus FFDM showed sensitivities of 100% in the non-dense group. In the dense group, DBT plus FFDM showed lower sensitivity than that of MRI plus FFDM (94.6% vs. 99.6%, p < 0.001). For additional ipsilateral cancers, DBT plus FFDM showed specificity and positive predictive value (PPV) of 100% in the non-dense group, but sensitivity and negative predictive value (NPV) were not statistically different from those of MRI plus FFDM (p > 0.05). In the dense group, DBT plus FFDM showed higher specificity (98.2% vs. 94.1%, p = 0.005) and PPV (83.1% vs. 65.4%; p = 0.036) than those of MRI plus FFDM, but lower sensitivity (59.9% vs. 75.3%; p = 0.049). For contralateral cancers, DBT plus FFDM showed higher specificity than that of MRI plus FFDM (99.0% vs. 96.7%, p = 0.014), however, the other values did not differ (all p > 0.05) in the dense group.ConclusionDBT plus FFDM showed an overall higher specificity than that of MRI plus FFDM regardless of breast density, perhaps without substantial loss in sensitivity and NPV in the diagnosis of additional cancers. Thus, DBT may have the potential to be used as a preoperative breast cancer staging tool.     

Digital Breast Tomosynthesis Complements Two-Dimensional Synthetic Mammography for Secondary Examination of Breast Cancer

Objective:To compare the performance of two-dimensional synthetic mammography (SM) combined with digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) (SM/DBT) and full-field digital mammography (FFDM) including women with DBT (FFDM/DBT) undergoing secondary examination for breast cancer.Material and Methods:Out of 186 breasts, including 52 with breast cancers; FFDM/DBT and SM/DBT findings were interpreted by four expert clinicians. Radiation doses of FFDM, SM/DBT, and FFDM/DBT were determined. Inter-rater reliabilities were analyzed between readers and between FFDM/DBT and SM/DBT by Cohen’s Kappa coefficients. Diagnostic accuracy was compared between SM/DBT and FFDM/DBT by Fisher’s exact tests. Two representative cancer cases were examined for differences in the interpretation between FFDM and SM.Results:A higher radiation dose was required in FFDM/DBT than in SM/DBT (median: 1.50 mGy vs. 2.95 mGy). Inter-rater reliabilities were similar between both readers and modalities. Both sensitivity and specificity were equivalent in FFDM/DBT and SM/DBT (p = 0.874–1.00). Compared with FFDM, SM did not clearly show abnormalities with subtle margins in the two representative cancer cases.Conclusion:SM/DBT had a similar performance to FFDM/DBT in detecting breast abnormalities but requires less radiation. DBT complements SM to improve accuracy to a level equivalent to that of FFDM. Taken together, SM/DBT may be a good substitute for FFDM/DBT for the secondary examination of breast cancer.     

Comparison of New and Established Full-Field Digital Mammography Systems in Diagnostic Performance

Objective

To compare the diagnostic performance of new and established full-field digital mammography (FFDM) systems.

Materials and Methods

During a 15-month period, 1038 asymptomatic women who visited for mammography were prospectively included from two institutions. For women with routine two-view mammograms from established FFDM systems, bilateral mediolateral oblique (MLO) mammograms were repeated using the new FFDM system. One of the four reviewers evaluated two-sets of bilateral MLO mammograms at 4-week intervals by using a five-point score for the probability of malignancy according to a Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System. The lesion type and breast density were determined by the consensus of two readers at each institution. The dichotomized mammographic results correlated with a final pathologic outcome and follow-up data. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, sensitivity, and specificity were compared in general and according to the lesion type and breast density.

Results

Of the 1038 cases, 193 (18.6%) had cancer. The areas under the ROC curve (AUC), sensitivity, and specificity of the established system were 0.815, 65.3%, and 90.2%, respectively. Those of the new system were 0.839, 68.4%, and 91.7%, respectively. There were no significant differences in the AUCs, sensitivities or the specificities in general between new and established systems (Ps = 0.194, 0.590, 0.322, respectively). We found no significant difference in these parameters according to lesion type or breast density.

Conclusion

The new FFDM system has a comparable diagnostic performance with established systems.