扩散加权成像在眼眶肿瘤性病变鉴别诊断中的研究进展

【摘要】磁共振扩散加权成像(DWI)是一种能够反映人体内水分子运动状态的成像技术,它可以反映与肿瘤分级相关的信息,如组织结构、细胞密度等,已广泛应用于颅脑、肝脏、泌尿生殖系统疾病的诊断和鉴别诊断。近年来,DWI开始应用于眼眶肿瘤性病变的诊断,但仍处于研究探索阶段。本文就DWI技术在眼眶良恶性肿瘤鉴别诊断中的应用和进展进行综述。     

磁共振全身扩散加权成像在肿瘤中的应用

磁共振全身扩散加权成像在肿瘤领域的研究主要包括探索该项技术在肿瘤筛查、肿瘤良恶性鉴别、恶性肿瘤分期、检出转移病灶、寻找肿瘤原发病灶、评价疗效及发现复发等方面的应用价值。就全身扩散加权成像在肿瘤中的技术参数及临床应用进行综述。     

扩散加权成像对良恶性淋巴结鉴别的研究进展

淋巴结转移与否对于癌症病人的预后、分期及治疗方案的选择极为重要。目前常规MRI依靠淋巴结大小鉴别其良恶性的准确性不高，利用MR功能成像方法鉴别淋巴结良恶性是目前影像学研究的热点。其中扩散加权成像相较其他方法具有诸多优点。近年来非高斯模型包括双指数模型、拉伸指数模型、扩散峰度模型等逐渐应用于临床。现就传统及非高斯模型扩散加权成像在淋巴结良恶性鉴别上的研究现状及价值予以综述。     

MRI在子宫肉瘤和子宫肌瘤鉴别诊断中的应用进展

子宫肉瘤与子宫肌瘤的治疗方案和预后管理完全不同,对两者的鉴别诊断至关重要。MRI是诊断子宫肿瘤的重要影像方法,尤其是扩散加权成像（DWI）、扩散张量成像（DTI）、扩散峰度成像（DKI）、灌注加权成像（PWI）、MR波谱成像（MRS）、增强梯度回波T₂*加权血管成像（ESWAN）等功能MRI及影像组学,在子宫良恶性肿瘤鉴别、病理分型分级和分子变化等方面可以进行量化分析,从而提供更多有价值的信息。就MRI在鉴别子宫肉瘤和子宫肌瘤中的应用进展作一综述。     

肾细胞癌的MRI研究进展

肾细胞癌是最常见的成人肾脏恶性肿瘤。近年来，多种功能MRI成像技术（如扩散加权成像、灌注加权成像等）、多参数MRI联合分析以及影像组学等新兴影像处理技术被证实在肾细胞癌的诊断中具有较大的价值。目前，研究热点多集中于良恶性肿瘤的鉴别、组织学亚型的区分、肿瘤分期、预测核分级及判断预后。就MRI新技术及图像处理技术在肾细胞癌中的研究进展予以综述。     

磁共振扩散加权成像在女性盆腔疾病中的应用

磁共振扩散加权成像依靠不同组织间水分子扩散的差异性,提供一种与以往T1加权像、T2加权像不同的新的成像对比。其在超早期脑缺血定性、定位诊断中的作用已被肯定,并已逐渐应用于其他系统疾病的诊断和鉴别诊断。就扩散加权成像在女性盆腔疾病中的应用和研究现状予以综述。     

磁共振扩散加权成像在女性盆腔疾病中的应用

磁共振扩散加权成像依靠不同组织间水分子扩散的差异性,提供一种与以往T1加权像、T2加权像不同的新的成像对比.其在超早期脑缺血定性、定位诊断中的作用已被肯定,并已逐渐应用于其他系统疾病的诊断和鉴别诊断.就扩散加权成像在女性盆腔疾病中的应用和研究现状予以综述.     

扩散加权成像在乳腺肿瘤中的应用

扩散加权成像是指在分子水平研究组织中自由水质子随意运动的功能性磁共振技术,是一种评价正常及病理组织功能性改变的无创性方法。其在乳腺中的应用为乳腺肿瘤的检出及良恶性的鉴别开拓了新的前景。就扩散加权成像的技术原理、在乳腺肿瘤中的临床应用及与其他影像学检查手段比较等方面进行介绍。     

扩散加权成像在乳腺疾病中的临床应用及成像影响因素

扩散加权成像技术可以反映组织细胞内水分子的扩散运动特性,进而对活体组织结构及功能状态进行无创性检测,其在乳腺疾病的鉴别诊断、术前评估、术后复发监测及治疗后反应等诸多方面具有重要价值.就扩散加权成像在乳腺疾病中的临床应用新进展及成像技术因素等予以综述.     

扩散峰度成像在腹部疾病中的研究进展

扩散峰度成像(DKI)是扩散加权成像(DWI)、扩散张量成像(DTI)的延伸,该技术可以从微观层面对组织细微结构改变及功能代谢变化做出定量诊断,其在腹腔脏器的应用日渐成熟,目前在病变良恶性的鉴别、肿瘤的分级、治疗效果的评价等方面有一定的应用价值。就其发展背景、技术原理、主要技术参数及其在腹部疾病诊断和疗效评估中的研究进展予以综述。     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.