肝癌抗肿瘤血管生成研究进展

现阶段肿瘤血管生成的研究已深人到分子水平,而肝癌外科手术或经导管动脉内化疗栓塞（TACE）术后肿瘤复发和转移肿瘤血管生成有着不同程度的关系,因此肝癌外科手术或TACE结合血管生成抑制剂能抑制肿瘤血管形成,提高肿瘤治疗效果。     

TACE联合分子靶向药物治疗原发性肝癌的研究进展

传统放化疗对于不能手术的肝癌疗效有限,以经导管肝动脉化疗栓塞术（TACE）为主的综合治疗措施仍然是当前主要手段。然而反复的TACE可加重病人肝脏损伤,且栓塞治疗后局部缺血、缺氧,促进了血管内皮生长因子的活化,进而促进新生血管形成,导致肿瘤复发,降低疗效。近年来,分子靶向药物,尤其是多靶点索拉非尼的出现,开创了肿瘤治疗新领域,已成为当今肿瘤治疗的热点之一。TACE联合分子靶向药物具有独特优势,局部高浓度靶向药物导入及持续释放,不仅可提高抗肿瘤效果,还可弥补TACE术后复发等不足。两者具有良好的协同作用。现就TACE联合分子靶向药物治疗原发性肝癌的研究进展予以综述。     

中国肝细胞癌经动脉化疗栓塞治疗临床实践指南

肝细胞癌（HCC）是起源于肝细胞的恶性肿瘤,中国HCC患者80%发生于乙型肝炎病毒（HBV）感染后。HCC通常是一种富血供肿瘤,经动脉化疗栓塞（TACE）治疗一方面阻断肿瘤血供,同时在肿瘤局部聚集高浓度的化疗药物,对肿瘤细胞发挥最大限度的杀伤作用,被公认为HCC非手术治疗最常用方法之一,但TACE本身目前尚缺乏标准。为此,中国医师协会介入医师分会专家们共同编写了《中国肝细胞癌经动脉化疗栓塞治疗临床实践指南》,内容包括概述、适应证与禁忌证、围手术期处理、设备器械与药物准备、伦理与知情同意、患者术前准备、围手术期治疗、手术操作、并发症与处理、疗效评价与随访、综合治疗等,本指南旨在促进我国肝癌TACE技术的规范化、专业化和个体化整体水平的提高,促进并推动我国肝癌诊疗研究的发展。     

载药微球经导管肝动脉化疗栓塞治疗肝脏恶性肿瘤研究进展

肝癌是目前临床上常见的消化系统恶性肿瘤,包括原发性肝癌与继发性肝癌,原发性肝癌主要分为肝细胞癌与胆管细胞癌,继发性肝癌则多源于结直肠癌的肝转移。肝癌的治疗手段包括手术切除、肝移植、消融治疗、经导管肝动脉化疗栓塞(TACE)、经肝动脉化疗灌注、靶向治疗及免疫治疗等。根据巴塞罗那分期(BCLC)及中国《原发性肝癌诊疗规范(2019年版)》,TACE可作为无法手术切除的中期肝细胞癌患者的首选治疗方案。随着载药微球的兴起与发展,载药微球-TACE(D-TACE)开始在各个分期的肝癌治疗中崭露头角。本文就TACE尤其是D-TACE在肝细胞癌、胆管细胞癌及肝转移瘤中的应用,TACE与其他治疗方式的临床获益及不良反应,以及TACE治疗后的肿瘤复发和影响预后的分子机制进行综述。     

化疗栓塞方法和肝细胞癌组织反应

目的评价肝细胞癌肿瘤包膜、淋巴细胞浸润、纤维化、肝硬化等与经动脉化疗栓塞（TACE）方法的关系。方法观察117例手术切除的肝细胞癌肿瘤包膜、淋巴细胞浸润、纤维化、肝硬化程度,其中单纯手术58例,4种TACE后Ⅱ期手术切除59例。结果TACE组较单纯手术组,肝细胞癌包膜更厚、更完整,淋巴细胞浸润多,纤维化多（Ρ＜0.01）;包膜形成、纤维化与TACE方法、次数及手术间期密切相关（Ρ＜0.05）,淋巴细胞浸润与TACE方法、次数密切相关（Ρ＜0.05）,与手术间期关系不大（Ρ＞0.05）。肝硬化与治疗方法关系不大（Ρ＞0.05）,但与治疗次数相关（Ρ＜0.05）。结论多次、多材料联合栓塞TACE较单次、单材料栓塞、单纯化疗更易引起肝细胞癌包膜形成、淋巴细胞浸润、纤维化,超选择性插管可避免TACE对正常肝的损害。     

中国肝细胞癌TACE治疗的历史、现状和展望——纪念我国介入放射学奠基人林贵教授北大核心CSCD

经导管动脉化疗栓塞术(TACE)是肝细胞癌(简称肝癌)最重要的非手术治疗方法。20世纪70年代,我国介入放射学奠基人之一林贵教授在国内率先开展了肝癌选择性血管造影和栓塞治疗研究,为肝癌TACE治疗做出了突出贡献。目前,肝癌TACE治疗正向规范化、精细化和“个体化”综合治疗方向发展。以TACE为基础的综合治疗方案已成为不可手术切除肝癌最常用的治疗模式。本文总结中国肝癌TACE治疗历史,阐述其治疗现状及对未来肝癌TACE治疗的展望,以此铭记林贵教授等介入先驱对肝癌TACE的贡献,做好新时代下肝癌TACE,同质化提高我国肝癌TACE治疗水平。     

肝细胞癌TACE治疗进展

肝细胞癌（HCC）是世界上第五大常见肿瘤,我国肝癌的死亡率也位居前列。目前,手术是唯一有可能治愈HCC的方法。绝大多数病人来医院就诊时已经处于肝癌中晚期,对于此类病人,介入治疗是最主要的一种治疗方法。介入治疗又可分为血管性介入治疗和非血管性介入治疗。血管性介入治疗包括：经导管动脉化疗栓塞、肝动脉栓塞、肝动脉灌注化疗。经导管动脉化疗栓塞（TACE）是肝癌介入治疗的主要方法。主要对HCCTACE治疗的现状和进展进行综述。     

TACE联合分子靶向药物治疗原发性肝癌的研究进展

传统放化疗对于不能手术的肝癌疗效有限,以经导管肝动脉化疗栓塞术(TACE)为主的综合治疗措施仍然是当前主要手段.然而反复的TACE可加重病人肝脏损伤,且栓塞治疗后局部缺血、缺氧,促进了血管内皮生长因子的活化,进而促进新生血管形成,导致肿瘤复发,降低疗效.近年来,分子靶向药物,尤其是多靶点索拉非尼的出现,开创了肿瘤治疗新领域,已成为当今肿瘤治疗的热点之一.TACE联合分子靶向药物具有独特优势,局部高浓度靶向药物导入及持续释放,不仅可提高抗肿瘤效果,还可弥补TACE术后复发等不足.两者具有良好的协同作用.现就TACE联合分子靶向药物治疗原发性肝癌的研究进展予以综述.     

肝癌经导管动脉化疗栓塞术联合抗肿瘤血管生成治疗的研究进展

近年来采用经导管动脉化疗栓塞(transcatheter ar-terial chemoembolization,TACE)治疗不能手术切除的肝癌和术后复发肝癌取得了良好的效果,但其远期疗效欠佳,影响了肝癌的整体治疗效果[1]。随着分子生物学的发展,越来越多的研究显示,介入治疗后由于肿瘤周边残癌组织促血管生成     

“TACE抵抗/失败”——需要全面认识

【摘要】 经导管动脉化疗栓塞术（TACE）是公认的中期肝细胞癌（HCC）患者标准治疗方法。然而,由于TACE本身固有的局限性和患者显著的异质性,部分患者存在多次TACE术后肿瘤控制仍然不佳的情况。基于此,近年来“TACE抵抗/失败”的概念备受关注,但有关“TACE抵抗/失败”的定义、内涵存在诸多模糊,甚至矛盾之处。该文就“TACE抵抗/失败”概念、内涵进行解读和分析,试图予以厘清,以更好地对其进行全面与深入的研究,从而进一步提高肝癌治疗效果。     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.     

人体中的镭-226、镭-228、钋-210、铅-210

本文报道了广东阳江高本底地区6名、对照地区8名人尸体的骨²²⁶Ra、²²⁶Ra的浓度以及部分居民内脏器官中。²¹⁰Po、²¹⁰Pb的浓度。结果轰明阳江高本底地区和对照地区居民骨镭-226、镭-228的浓度分别为29.9pCi/kg, 26.9pCi/kgl 8.7pCi/kg, 8.2pCi/kg.由此估算出阳江高本底地区屠民骨中²²⁶Ra、²²⁸Ra的负薄璧及对骨衬、骨髓所产生的剂量当量分别为对照地区民民的3.4倍, 3.3倍。两地区居民内脏器官中^{210Po、210Pb的测定分析铡数较少但仍看出, 高本底地区均明显高于对照地区.}     

Bronchial stump fistula :treatment with covered retrievable hinged metallic stents-preliminary clinical experience

Objective To evaluate the preliminaily clinical efficacy and retrievability of a retrievable hinged covered metallic stent in the treatment of the bronchial stump fistula （BSF）. Methods Between April 2003 and March 2005, 8 patients with bronchial stump fistula after pneumonectomy or lobectomy were treated with two types （A and B） of retrievable hinged covered metallic stents. Type A stent was placed in 6 patients and type B in 2 under fluoroscopic guidance. The stent was removed with a retrieval set when BSF was healed or complications occurred. Results Stent placement in the bronchial tree was technically successful in all patients, without procedure-related complications. Immediate closure of the BSF was achieved in all patients after the procedure. Stents were removed from all patients but one. Removal of the stents was difficult in two patients due to tissue hyperplasia. Patients were followed up for 6 - 21 months. Placement of the stents remained stable in all patients except one due to severe cough. Permanent closure of BSF was achieved in 7 （87.5%） of 8 patients. Conclusion Use of a retrievable hinged covered expandable metallic stent is a simple, safe, and effective procedure for closure of the BSF. Retrieval of the stent seems to be feasible. （J Intervent Radiol, 2007, 16： 253-257）     

Pratique sportive et oligoéléments: conséquences nutritionnelles

Trace elements are scarce in our body, where as some of them are implicated in various metabolic processes. Regular exercise alters the levels and increases outputs and requirements of some of them. Zinc losses through sweat, urine and feces are increased in response to chronic and acute exercise. Chromium losses, mainly via the urinary tract, increase following training and simple carbohydrate intake, a common situation among sportsmen. Copper losses increase in sweat. Recommended daily allowances are not always satisfied, depending upon the trace element being considered. Zinc and chromium intakes are often marginal, while copper does not seem to be present in sufficient amounts in a high percentage of athletes. It is not the same for manganese, always delivered in sufficient amounts. Selenium intake mainly depends on its rate in the soil, this factor varying the most from one country (and one average diet) to another. So precise recommendations such as three servings of meat per week seem to be justified. Some diets are not adequate towards some trace element intakes, and this abnormality enhances the probability that deficiencies appear. Complex interrelationships enhance or impede supplementation. For instance, copper, zinc and iron inhibit each other's absorption at gut's level. These interrelationships make nutritional strategy harder to implement. Some trace elements (selenium, zinc, copper or manganese — the latter at the mitochondrion level) act as free radical scavengers. Thus increased intakes at appropriate levels may be required. Changes in dietary habits, improving “nutritional density” is one possible strategy. But for some elements, the required amounts are not currently available in our diet. Thus supplementation becomes necessary in some cases. As far as vanadium and silicon are concerned, and though they are implicated in some physiological processes linked to sports, it is not possible to recommend at present precise amounts, even though future research will certainly show that their intake is to be increased.