血液透析滤过治疗尿毒症皮肤瘙痒效果观察

目的　观察血液透析滤过 (HDF)治疗尿毒症患者皮肤瘙痒的临床效果。方法　将 2 6例患者随机分为两组。治疗组 (12例 )每周HDF 1次 ,血液透析 (HD) 2次 ;对照组 (14例 )每周HD 3次 ,观察两组治疗前后Bun、Cr、β2 -MG数值变化以及患者皮肤瘙痒缓解情况。结果　治疗组患者皮肤瘙痒缓解率 (83 .3 3 %)明显高于对照组 (2 1.43 %) ,P =0 .0 0 5 <0 .0 1;血 β2 -MG下降明显 (P <0 .0 1) ;但Bun、Cr的下降差异无显著性。结论　HDF能有效清除 β2 -MG大中分子物质 ,是治疗尿毒症患者皮肤瘙痒的有效方法。     

不同血液净化方法治疗尿毒症患者皮肤瘙痒

目的 探讨血液透析,血液透析滤过,血液灌流加血液透析治疗尿毒症皮肤瘙痒的疗效.方法 将38例尿毒症行维持性血透的患者,根据不同的个体情况分为血液透析(HD)组,血液透析滤过(HDF)组和血液灌流加血液透析(HP+HD)治疗组.HD组,每周患者行HD 2～3次,每次透析时间4.5 h ;HP+HD组,患者每周HD 2次和1次HP+HD,每次透析时间4.5 h;HDF组,患者每周行2次HDF,每次透析时间为4 h,其他治疗措施均相同.比较三组患者治疗前后血肌酐(SCr),尿素氮(BUN),甲状旁腺激素(PTH)和β2-微球蛋白(β2 -MG)变化.结果 三组透析前与透析后血SCr,BUN都有明显下降(P<0.05),HDF组和HP+HD组治疗前后PTH和β2 -MG比较,差异有显著统计学意义(P<0.01),该两组与HD组比较差异均有显著统计学意义(P<0.01).结论 尿毒症患者在维持性HD治疗同时定 期接受HDF或HP+HD治疗,可改善和缓冲长期规律血透患者的皮肤瘙痒,提高患者的生存质量.     

血液透析滤过在维持性血透患者中的应用

目的 探讨联机血液透析滤过(HDF)治疗尿毒症患者不同分子量毒素清除效果及长期并发症、不适应证的临床疗效.方法 选择100例常规透析2年以上的尿毒症患者,根据经济状况分血液透析滤过组(HDF)和常规血液透析组(HD),每组50例.HDF 组每周做HDF1次,每次4h,用后稀释法,血流量230～280mL/min透析液流量700mL/min,置换液量(12±1)L,流量50mL/min,做HD每周1～2次,方法与常规透析相同;HD组每周透析2～3次,每次4h,血流量200～250mL/min,透析液流量500mL/min,两组均治疗8周.观察两组治疗前后BUN、Cr、P3-浓度、β 2-MG生化指标的变化,比较两组治疗后平均下降率及长期透析患者并发症及不适应证治疗的有效率.结果 HDF组在治疗前后4项生化指标均有显著差异(P<0.05),HD组中BUN、Cr治疗前后差异显著( P<0.05)、P3-浓度、β2-MG、无显著差异( P＞0.05)比较两组治疗后BUN、Cr平均下降率无统计学意义( P＞0.05),P3-浓度、β2-MG有显著差异(P<0.01);长期并发症及不适应证治疗的有效率,HDF组明显低于HD组,两组对照( P<0.01)有统计学意义.结论 后稀释法联机HDF能有效清除尿毒症患者血中大、中、小分子物质,透析效果明显提高,长期透析并发症症状得到改善,不适应证的发生率下降.     

组合型人工肾对尿毒症中分子毒素清除的疗效观察

目的观察组合型人工肾对尿毒症中分子毒素清除的疗效。方法选择维持性血液透析患者57例,采用随机数字表及随机数余数分组法随机分为组合型人工肾（HD＋HP）组、血液透析滤过（HDF）组及血液透析（HD）组3组。检测首次透析前后及透析第4、8周后患者血β2微球蛋白（β2-MG）及全段甲状旁腺素（iPTH）,8周后观察对患者皮肤瘙痒症的疗效,并对各组指标进行统计分析。结果 HD＋HP组首次透析前后患者的β2-MG、iPTH均明显下降（均P〈0.05）,透析4、8周后与首次透析前相比,患者的β2-MG、iPTH均显著下降（均P〈0.01）;HDF组首次透析前后的β2-MG、iPTH差异均无统计学意义（均P〉0.05）,透析4、8周后β2-MG、iPTH明显下降（P〈0.05）;HD组首次透析前后及透析4、8周后的β2-MG、iPTH差异均无统计学意义（均P〉0.05）。8周后,皮肤瘙痒症临床有效率HD＋HP组最高,达89.47%,HDF组57.89%,HD组15.79%。结论 HD＋HP能有效地清除尿毒症患者的中分子毒素,明显缓解皮肤瘙痒症状,其效果优于HDF,HDF治疗无效者改用HD＋HP治疗可能有效,而HD不能清除尿毒症的中分子毒素。     

几种不同的血液净化方法对尿毒症患者血清β2-微球蛋白的影响

目的观察维持性血液透析患者血液透析(HD)、血液透析与间断血液透析滤过(HD/HDF)及血液透析滤过(HDF)三种不同的血液净化方法对尿毒症患者血浆β2-微球蛋白(β2-MG)清除的影响.方法选择尿毒症患者80例,随机分为三组,其中血液透析患者30例,血液透析与间断血液透析滤过患者25例,血液透析滤过患者25例.测定透析前、后血清β2-微球蛋白的水平.结果单纯血液透析可轻度降低尿毒症患者血清β2-MG(mg/L)(54.5±28.3vs48.5±21.3);血液透析与间断血液透析滤过能进一步降低尿毒症患者血清β2-MG(52.9±23.5vs29.6±14.6);而血液透析滤过能明显降低尿毒症患者血清β2-MC(56.4±25.7 vs 21.37±11.4).结论血液透析滤过能有效清除尿毒症患者血清β2-微球蛋白,明显改善尿毒症患者透析相关并发症的发生.     

血液透析滤过及血液透析的临床研究

目的 观察血液透析滤过(HDF)及血液透析(HD)对尿毒症患者不同溶质的清除及治疗的安全性，心血管稳定性。方法 24例患者HD治疗2周后再行HDF治疗2周，观察TACurea(以时间平均的尿素浓度)及血清肌酐(Cr)，β2微球蛋白(β2-MG)，评价治疗中低血压发生率。结果 与HD相比，HDF的超滤量(UFV)明显高于HD，但低血压的发生率并未增加，HD治疗后血清Cr、β2-MG水平显著降低，HDF的TACurea及Cr下降率均明显高于HD。结论 HDF治疗安全可靠，能有效清除β2-MG，对中小分子物质的清除较理想，更适合于HD中易出现低血压的HD患者，可收到短时高效的治疗效果。     

联机血液透析滤过治疗尿毒症的效果观察

目的：观察联机血液透析滤过治疗尿毒症的临床疗效和不良反应。方法：回顾性分析我院21例常规血液透析（HD）1－7年，伴有HD并发症及不适症状患行后稀释法联机血液透析滤过（HDF）252例次，并与23例常规HD患874例次进行比较，观察血尿素氮（BUN），肌酐（Scr)，血钙（Ca)，血磷（Sp)，β2-微球蛋白（β2－M）下降及治疗中常见稼析并发症和不良反应发生率。结果：联机HDF疗效优于HD，并发症和不良反应低于HD(P＜0．01），HDF治疗后BNU，Scr,Sp,β2-M水平显降低，Ca有所提高。结论：后稀释法联机ＨＤＦ能有效地清除尿毒症患血中的大，中，小分子物质，透析效果显，患对该疗法对耐受性显提高，是伴有HD并发症及不适症状尿毒症患的良好选择。     

维持性血液透析患者间断进行血液透析滤过的临床评价

目的探讨不同血液净化方式对透析充分性的影响。方法常规血液透析（HD）8周中进行2次血液透析滤过（HDF），分取常规血液透析与血液透析滤过中Kt／V、URR及β2-MG下降率2次算平均值进行自身对照比较。结果HDF时Kt／V、URR均较HD时稍有升高，但两者比较无显著性差异；在清除β2-MG比较中，HDF明显优于HD，且两者比较有显著性差异（P〈0．05）。结论HDF与HD比较两者对小分子尿毒症毒素清除无显著差别，但HDF较HD能有效清除β2-MG。     

48例尿毒症患者皮肤瘙痒症的透析模式分析及护理

目的探讨在规范的护理措施基础上选择血液透析（Hemodialysis,HD）＋血液透析滤过（Hemodiafiltration,HDF）模式相比单纯HD模式对改善尿毒症患者顽固性皮肤瘙痒的优势。方法选择尿毒症伴皮肤瘙痒患者48例,随机将其分为观察组和对照组,每组24例,观察组患者采取血液透析HD＋血液透析滤过HDF,对照组实施单纯HD,同时规范护理措施。治疗3个月后检测甲状旁腺激素和血β2-微球蛋白,并采用皮肤瘙痒临床症状评分法评估瘙痒程度。结果观察组患者治疗3个月后血β2-微球蛋白（β2-microglobulin,β2-MG）、甲状旁腺激素（Parathyroidhormone,PTH）水平均明显低于对照组（P〈0．01）,皮肤瘙痒程度明显轻于对照组（P〈0．01）。结论采用血液透析＋血液透析滤过模式,并重视临床护理干预,能更有效地缓解尿毒症患者顽固性皮肤瘙痒症状。     

血液透析滤过与血液透析疗效对比

目的 探讨血液透析(HD)与血液透析滤过(HDF)对维持性HD患者β2-微球蛋白(β2-MG)清除率、透析相关并发症发生率及营养状况的影响.方法 将一般状况相似的维持性HD患者28例随机分为2组,每组各14例,一组行HD治疗,一组行HDF HD治疗,在治疗前及治疗6个月后,分别观察β2-MG清除率、透析相关并发症发生率及血清白蛋白(Alb)、血红蛋白(Hb)、体质指数(BMI)的变化.结果 HDF HD组β2一MG清除率明显高于HD组(P＜0.05).HDF HD组透析后BMI、Hb、Alb明显高于HD组(P＜0.05).HDF HD较HD可明显降低透析过程中低血压、高血压、心衰、心律失常、心绞痛、皮肤瘙痒、肌肉痉挛等常见并发症发生率(P＜0.05).结论 HDF HD比HD疗效好,能明显减少透析相关并发症发生率,改善营养状况.提高生存质量.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.