第1跖骨远端Chevron截骨联合软组织松解术治疗拇外翻

目的 :探讨第1跖骨远端Chevron截骨联合软组织松解术治疗轻、中度拇外翻的临床疗效。方法:自2015年6月至2017年6月,采用第1跖骨远端Chevron截骨联合软组织松解术治疗拇外翻32例(40足),其中男3例3足,女29例37足;年龄22～80岁,平均57.57岁;病程2～32年,平均14年;轻度9足,中度31足。术前患者合并拇囊炎,伴有第1跖趾关节周围疼痛并存在负重行走时疼痛加重。手术前后拍摄足负重正侧位片,比较拇外翻角(hallux valgus angle,HVA),第1、2跖骨间角(intermetatarsal angle,IMA),并采用美国足踝外科协会拇外翻评分(AOFAS)评价临床疗效。结果:32例患者获得了随访,时间12～24个月,平均15.2个月。术后切口均愈合良好,无感染、跖骨头坏死等并发症发生。术前HVA、IMA分别由(32.08±5.59)°、(11.63±2.24)°减小至术后12个月的(10.31±4.36)°、(5.02±2.34)°,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。AOFAS评分由术前的56.75±6.42提高至术后12个月的88.80±3.99 (P0.05)。结论:第1跖骨远端Chevron截骨联合软组织松解术治疗轻、中度拇外翻畸形可获得较好的临床效果,为拇外翻治疗提供了更多的选择。     

Iatrogenic second transfer metatarsalgia and the first metatarsal shortening and elevation after Scarf osteotomy

BackgroundTransfer metatarsalgia is a potential complication of hallux valgus surgery. This study aimed to investigate the shortened first metatarsal length and elevation and to compare groups with and without second transfer metatarsalgia after Scarf osteotomy.MethodsThe first metatarsal length of 123 feet was measured via the Maestro’s method using the metatarsal axial length and the relative second metatarsal protrusion to the first metatarsal. Metatarsal elevation was measured using the first metatarsal angle.ResultsSecond transfer metatarsalgia occurred after Scarf osteotomy in 11 (8.9%) feet. When baseline characteristics were considered in propensity score matching, the 11 feet were compared with the 33 feet in the control group. The group with transfer metatarsalgia showed a more shortened first metatarsal axial length (?4.1 ± 1.8 mm vs. ?2.5 ± 2.2 mm, p = 0.032), a significantly longer relative second metatarsal protrusion (+5.8 ± 2.6 mm vs. +1.2 ± 2.6 mm, p < 0.001), and a significantly lower first metatarsal angle (18.1 ± 4.3° vs. 21.5 ± 4.0°, p = 0.012) than the control group postoperatively.ConclusionsTo avoid iatrogenic transfer metatarsalgia, first metatarsal length shortening should be minimized to at least less than 4.0 mm. Furthermore, the metatarsal parabola should be retained.     

旋转Scarf截骨术治疗拇外翻合并第1跖骨旋转

目的：探讨旋转Scarf截骨术治疗拇外翻（hallux valgus,HV）合并第1跖骨旋转的临床疗效。方法：自2018年1月至2019年10月采用旋转Scarf截骨术治疗35例（40足）HV合并第1跖骨旋转畸形患者,其中男5例,女30例;年龄25～76(40.32±5.43)岁。观察并比较手术前后拇外翻角（hallux valgus angle,HVA）,第1、2跖骨间角（intermetatarsal angle,IMA）,第1跖骨远端关节面角（distal metatarsal articular angle,DMAA）,第1跖骨长度（the first metatarsal length,FML）,术后采用美国矫形骨科学会足踝外科学组（American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society,AOFAS）拇趾-跖趾-趾间关节评分和疼痛视觉模拟评分（visual analogue scale,VAS）系统进行功能评价。结果 ：35例（40足）均获得随访,时间12～36(14.35±3.62)个月。HVA、IMA和DMAA分别由术前的（36.32±4.5...     

单纯第一跖骨及联合第二和(或)第三跖骨基底截骨治疗(足,母)外翻

目的回顾分析单纯第一跖骨及联合第二和(或)第三跖骨基底截骨治疗!外翻的疗效。方法1994年1月至2003年12月,采用单纯第一跖骨及联合第二和(或)第三跖骨基底截骨治疗!外翻,其中35例56足资料完整并获得随访。行第一跖骨基底截骨术26例43足,行第一跖骨及联合第二和(或)第三跖骨基底截骨术9例13足,患者第二和(或)第三跖骨头下存在疼痛性胼胝体。患足均于手术前、后摄负重正侧位X线片。结果行第一跖骨基底截骨术患者术前!外翻角为30.1°±4.9°,第一跖楔关节角为12.2°±5.0°;术后!外翻角为14.7°±2.7°,第一跖楔关节角为6.9°±1.5°。术前AOFAS评分为(47.6±5.8)分,术后为(84.3±5.7)分。行第一跖骨联合第二和(或)第三跖骨基底截骨术患者术前!外翻角为35.0°±5.8°,第一跖楔关节角为16.7°±1.8°;术后!外翻角为16.7°±2.4°,第一跖楔关节角为7.8°±1.4°。术前AOFAS评分为(44.7±5.7)分,术后为(85.7±4.5)分。在手术前、后X线片上测量相关解剖角度,并进行比较。!外翻角、第一跖楔关节角、第一、二跖骨间角、第一、五跖骨间角、近端关节固定角术后与术前相比,差异有统计学意义,远端关节固定角手术前、后未见明显变化。AOFAS评分手术前、后比较,差异有统计学意义。结论对于第一跖楔关节角增大的!外翻患者,应用第一跖骨基底截骨术矫正第一跖骨内收畸形可以获得优良的术后效果;而对于伴有前足疼痛性跖侧胼胝体者,建议联合行第二和(或)第三跖骨基底截骨术,以恢复正常的跖骨头平面足横弓。     

Hallux varus following scarf osteotomy

Hallux varus is an uncommon condition and majority of the cases are iatrogenic. It can occur as a result of any type of hallux valgus correction surgery and in our cases scarf osteotomy is not an exception. Treatment of this complication can be challenging and it is important to understand the factors that cause this deformity before embarking on surgical correction. Four cases of hallux varus following Scarf osteotomy (1% of our total Scarf osteotomy cases) and discuss the salient features of these patients. The authors ascertained the factors that caused iatrogenic hallux varus and formulated a classification of the nature of the deformity. The management of iatrogenic hallux varus based on our experience and proposed classification system has also been outlined and discussed.     

跖骨骨折的手术治疗

目的 探讨跖骨骨折的手术治疗方法. 方法 2003年1月至2006年1月,手术治疗跖骨骨折79例,男64例,女15例;年龄11～65岁,平均45.5岁;单发跖骨骨折59例,其中第1跖骨骨折17例,第2跖骨骨折6例,第3跖骨骨折5例,第4跖骨骨折4例,第5跖骨骨折27例;多发跖骨骨折20例,其中4例多发性跖骨骨折伴跖跗关节损伤.所有患者中10例为开放性骨折.采用的手术方法为切开复位钢板内固定、单纯螺钉固定、髓内螺钉固定和闭合复位经皮克氏针固定. 结果 64例患者获得8～24个月(平均14个月)随访;伤口均一期愈合,无感染;骨折愈合时间8～16周,平均11周;患者术后平均13周(9～18周)时可完全负重行走,无明显疼痛不适;术后采用AOFAS中前足评分标准,评分为72～100分,平均84.4分. 结论解剖复位可靠内固定是治疗跖骨骨折对位、对线不良的最佳选择,是足部形态及足弓功能重建的基础.     

Distribution,prevalence, and impact on the metatarsosesamoid complex of first metatarsal pronation in hallux valgus

BackgroundPrevious simulated weight-bearing CT (WBCT) studies classifying first metatarsal (M1) pronation suggested a high prevalence of M1 hyper-pronation in hallux valgus (HV). These findings have prompted a marked increase in M1 supination in HV surgical correction. No subsequent study confirms these M1 pronation values, and two recent WBCT investigations suggest lower normative M1 pronation values. The objectives of our WBCT study were to (1) determine M1 pronation distribution in HV, (2) define the hyperpronation prevalence compared to preexisting normative values, and (3) assess the relationship of M1 pronation to the metatarso-sesamoid complex. We hypothesized that the M1 head pronation distribution would be high in HV.MethodsWe retrospectively identified 88 consecutive feet with HV in our WBCT dataset and measured M1 pronation with the Metatarsal Pronation (MPA) and α angles. Similarly, using two previously published methods defining the pathologic pronation threshold, we assessed our cohort’s M1 hyper-pronation prevalence, specifically (1) the upper value of the 95% confidence interval (CI95) and (2) adding two standard deviations at the mean normative value (2 SD). Sesamoid station (grading) was assessed on the coronal plane.ResultsThe mean MPA was 11.4+/−7.4 degrees and the α angle was 16.2+/−7.4 degrees. According to the CI95 method, 69/88 HV (78.4%) were hyperpronated using the MPA, and 81/88 HV (92%) using the α angle. According to the 2 SD method, 17/88 HV (19.3%) were hyperpronated using the MPA, and 20/88 HV (22.7%) using the α angle. There was a significant difference in MPA among sesamoid gradings (p = 0.025), with a paradoxical decrease in MPA when metatarsosesamoid subluxation was increased.ConclusionM1 head pronation distribution in HV was higher than in normative values, but threshold change demonstrated contradictory hyper-pronation prevalences (85% to 20%), calling into question the previously reported high prevalence of M1 hyper-pronation in HV. An increase in sesamoid subluxation was associated with a paradoxical decrease in M1 head pronation in our study. We suggest that a greater understanding of the impact of HV M1 pronation is warranted before routine M1 surgical supination is recommended for patients with HV.Level of evidenceLevel III, retrospective cohort study.     

Athletic injury to the first metatarsal phalangeal joint

Résumé: La survenue et la fréquence des lésions de l’articulation métatarsophalangienne du gros orteil augmentèrent avec l’introduction du revêtement artificiel sur les terrains de football américains. Les lésions en cause, dénommées ≪ turf toe ≫ par Bowers et Martin en 1976 consistent en un étirement du complexe capsulo–ligamentaire de l’articulation métatarsophalangienne du gros orteil.Les lésions peuvent être une fracture d’un sésamoïde, la migration ou un diastasis d’un sésamoïde bipartite, une avulsion de la capsule avec éventuellement présence de corps étrangers intra–articulaires, signant une fracture de la tête métatarsienne.Clanton a proposé une classification des lésions qui est utilisée dans les indications thérapeutiques.Le traitement est le plus souvent conservateur, la chirurgie peut intervenir en cas d’échec : cheilectomie-synovectomie, réparation de la capsule plantaire, excision sésamoïdienne.L’apparition d’une telle lésion chez un sportif de haut niveau peut avoir des conséquences graves sur la poursuite du sport.     

Distal osteotomy of the first metatarsal bone in association with sub-talar arthroerisis, for hallux valgus correction in abnormal pronation syndrome

The Authors analyse the clinical and radiographical results of 14 patients (16 feet) affected by hallux valgus (HV) in flexible abnormal pronation syndrome. Patients were treated by distal osteotomy of the first metatarsal bone and sub-talar arthroereisis in one stage. This treatment was chosen because HV is often associated with abnormal foot pronation. Patients were young and the sub-talar joints had good mobility. The protocol forecasts: X-ray study of the feet and post-surgery planning, day surgery admission, minimally invasive surgery and 5 weeks of immobilisation in a below-knee cast.     

Quantitative relationship of first metatarsophalangeal head morphology to hallux rigidus and hallux valgus

Background

Previous qualitative studies have linked first metatarsal head morphology with hallux valgus (HV) and hallux rigidus (HR). This study used a quantitative measurement of 1st MT radius of curvature to assess if HR MT heads were flatter than HV heads.

Hallux sesamoid bones. Anatomical observations with special reference to osteoarthritis and hallux valgus

Summary The normal characteristics of the hallux sesamoid bones were studied in 200 toes (100 dissections and 100 radiographs from patients with hallux valgus), and pathological changes were recorded. Normally each sesamoid articulated with a separate groove on the plantar surface of the first metatarsal head. A bony ridge on the head separated these grooves.Bipartite sesamoids were found in 4% of the toes. Osteoarthritic changes manifested by deformity, irregularity, lipping, cysts in the sesamoids and in the heads of the first metatarsal and erosions in the articular surfaces were present in 32% of the dissected toes. Fusion of the sesamoids was found in 6%. Ankylosis between the sesamoids and the head of the metatarsal was observed in 4%.In the toes affected by hallux valgus the sesamoids, together with the plantar pad and the tendon of the flexor hallucis brevis, were displaced laterally to a variable degree. In severe deformities the lateral sesamoid was dislocated lateral to the first metatarsal head and the medial sesamoid occupied the groove originally corresponding to the lateral sesamoid, while the metatarsal ridge separating the two sesamoids tended to disappear. Osteoarthritis of the metatarsophalangeal joint frequently accompanied hallux valgus.     

改良Keller手术治疗足外翻畸形36例分析

目的探讨改良Keller手术治疗母外翻畸形的临床疗效。方法根据术前对母外翻畸形的评估,从切口的设计、近节趾骨的截骨方式和截除量、跖趾关节两侧力学平衡的矫正和术后的康复等几个方面改良Keller手术。2005年至2009年,采用此改良Keller术式治疗母趾外翻36例（62足）。所有患者均进行随访并获得相应资料,对母趾畸形的矫正程度、疼痛症状的改善及行走功能的恢复等进行充分评估。结果本组患者术后随访1～3年,疗效优46足,良11足,可3足,差2足。总优良率达92%,效果满意。结论改良的Keller手术方法治疗母外翻,尤其是重度外翻畸形患者,能有效改善足部症状,恢复行走功能,并发症较少。