经阴道超声对子宫瘢痕妊娠的早期诊断

目的分析剖宫产术后子宫瘢痕妊娠(CSP)的超声图像特征,探讨经阴道超声对CSP的早期诊断价值。资料与方法回顾性分析经病理证实的32例CSP患者的经阴道超声图像特征,观察包块的位置及其与子宫切口的关系、包块与切口的回声及血流情况。结果 32例经阴道超声检查均提示妊娠异常,其中27例(84.38%)明确提示CSP。早期CSP的超声图像特征为:①宫腔正常部位未见孕囊;②子宫下段切口可见囊性或混合性包块;③包块部位子宫肌层连续性中断,呈楔形凹陷或变薄;④包块位于宫颈内口上方,宫颈回声正常、内外口闭合;⑤彩色多普勒血流显像示包块内及其周边可见少许点状或丰富血流信号。结论①②的超声图像特征是妊娠异常的诊断前提,③④的图像特征是早期超声诊断CSP的关键。彩色多普勒血流显像对CSP的鉴别诊断有帮助。     

剖宫产术后瘢痕处妊娠的彩色多普勒超声

目的:探讨剖宫产术后子宫瘢痕处妊娠的彩色多普勒超声声像图特征,了解彩色多普勒超声在子宫瘢痕处妊娠诊断、鉴别诊断以及监测治疗效果中的意义.方法:回顾性分析2000年1月～2007年12月我院诊治的13例剖宫产术后瘢痕处妊娠病人的超声图像、治疗及预后情况.结果:剖宫产术后子宫瘢痕处妊娠具有特异的彩色多普勒超声声像图特征,彩色多普勒超声可监测经甲氨蝶呤治疗后瘢痕处妊娠物二维图像及血流信号变化情况.结论:彩色多普勒超声对剖宫产术后子宫瘢痕处妊娠的早期诊断具有重要意义,而早期诊断和及时治疗能减少或避免大出血的发生,并可有效地监测治疗效果.     

彩色多普勒超声在剖宫产瘢痕妊娠诊治中的临床应用

目的探讨彩色多普勒超声在剖宫产瘢痕妊娠诊治中的临床应用价值。方法对26例确诊的瘢痕妊娠病例进行回顾性分析,采用经腹和经阴道彩色多普勒超声联合检查,观察瘢痕妊娠物的位置,测量妊娠物大小、子宫瘢痕肌壁厚度及其血供情况等。结果24例表现为瘢痕处孕囊型（其中3例孕囊完全位于瘢痕处肌壁内）;2例超声表现为瘢痕处囊实性包块型。21例给予子宫动脉栓塞＋MTX后再行清官术;3例肌壁内型及2例包块型行保守治疗,所有患者取得良好的治疗效果。结论彩色多普勒超声在诊断剖宫产瘢痕妊娠及其临床治疗方面有重要的应用价值。     

阴式超声在剖宫产瘢痕处妊娠检查中的临床应用

剖宫产术后子宫瘢痕处妊娠是一种特殊类型的宫内异位妊娠,临床上比较少见,近年来其发病率随着剖宫产术的不断增加而上升。对剖宫产术后子宫瘢痕处妊娠的早期诊断,选择治疗的方法及对保守治疗疗效的评价已越来越受到妇产科医生的重视。本文总结2004年10月～2008年12月收治我院妇产科住院的子宫瘢痕处妊娠7例患者进行回顾性分析,旨在探讨彩色多普勒超声在剖宫产子宫瘢痕处妊娠检查中的临床应用价值。     

超声在剖宫产瘢痕妊娠中的应用

目的：探讨超声在剖宫产瘢痕妊娠诊断的价值。方法：回顾性分析166例经手术及病理证实的剖宫产瘢痕妊娠病例,总结其主要临床表现、超声特点及超声辅助的治疗方法。结果：在166例剖宫产瘢痕妊娠病例中,根据其超声图像特点分为三型：瘢痕处肌层内孕囊型（70例）,瘢痕处及宫腔内孕囊型（26例）、包块型（70例）。前两型的临床表现为停经后不规则阴道出血（分别为60.0%和61.5%）,包块型的主要临床表现为清宫术或药物治疗后持续性阴道出血或血-HCG水平异常（82.9%）。166例中通过超声检查正确诊断为剖宫产瘢痕妊娠者142例,诊断符合率为85.5%。26例瘢痕处肌层内孕囊型、22例瘢痕处及宫腔内孕囊型和4例包块型的患者采用经腹超声监测下清宫术治疗;4例瘢痕处肌层内孕囊型、2例瘢痕处及宫腔内孕囊型和10例包块型的患者采用经腹超声引导下的病灶局部注射氨甲蝶呤治疗。结论：超声对剖宫产瘢痕妊娠的诊断具有重要临床意义,在选择治疗方案、指导治疗及治疗后随诊方面起到重要作用。     

Significance of color Doppler ultrasonography in the scar pregnancy treated with uterine arterial chemoembolization

目的:探讨彩色多普勒超声在子宫动脉栓塞术治疗子宫瘢痕妊娠中的应用价值.方法:回顾性分析彩色多普勒超声在30例子宫瘢痕妊娠患者子宫动脉化疗栓塞术前的诊断价值、对栓塞术后的疗效评价及超声引导下刮宫术及术后随访中的作用.结果:术前诊断:超声显示25例表现为子宫峡部包块型,5例表现为子宫峡部孕囊型;27例孕囊周边有较丰富的血流信号,25例阻力指数＜0.5;峡部最薄处厚度(2.31±0.42) mm.子宫动脉栓塞术后24～72 h超声表现:29例包块内或孕囊周边均未见明显血流信号,1例仍可见丰富血流信号,再次行子宫动脉栓塞术,24 h后复查超声示病灶内血流消失.栓塞术后超声成功引导刮宫术,超声随访所有患者两个月内包块均消失,月经恢复.结论:超声既能准确诊断CSP又可对子宫动脉栓塞术后的疗效进行全面评价并引导清宫术及术后有效随访,值得进一步推广应用.     

超声对剖宫产术后子宫瘢痕妊娠诊断的价值

剖宫产后子宫瘢痕妊娠是罕见的异位妊娠,极易误诊、漏诊,盲目实施人工流产可导致术中、术后大出血,严重者可能导致子宫切除.超声可为本病的早期明确诊断及治疗提供客观依据,使其潜在危险性降到最低.本文对14例剖宫产后子宫瘢痕处妊娠患者的临床资料进行综合分析,现报道如下:     

彩色多普勒超声在子宫动脉化疗栓塞术治疗子宫瘢痕妊娠中的应用

目的:探讨彩色多普勒超声在子宫动脉栓塞术治疗子宫瘢痕妊娠中的应用价值。方法:回顾性分析彩色多普勒超声在30例子宫瘢痕妊娠患者子宫动脉化疗栓塞术前的诊断价值、对栓塞术后的疗效评价及超声引导下刮宫术及术后随访中的作用。结果:术前诊断:超声显示25例表现为子宫峡部包块型,5例表现为子宫峡部孕囊型;27例孕囊周边有较丰富的血流信号,25例阻力指数<0.5;峡部最薄处厚度(2.31±0.42)mm。子宫动脉栓塞术后24～72h超声表现:29例包块内或孕囊周边均未见明显血流信号,1例仍可见丰富血流信号,再次行子宫动脉栓塞术,24h后复查超声示病灶内血流消失。栓塞术后超声成功引导刮宫术,超声随访所有患者两个月内包块均消失,月经恢复。结论:超声既能准确诊断CSP又可对子宫动脉栓塞术后的疗效进行全面评价并引导清宫术及术后有效随访,值得进一步推广应用。     

腹壁子宫内膜异位症1例

1　临床资料患者 ,女性 ,30岁剖宫产术后 1 9个月余 ,发现腹壁包块伴经期疼痛 6个月余入院。查体 :脐下 4cm处可见一横形瘢痕 ,长约1 2cm ,瘢痕右侧可触及一 1cm× 2cm× 3cm大小皮下包块 ,压痛阴性 ,腹部无压痛、反跳痛。初步诊断 :腹壁子宫内膜异位症。入院后B超检查示 :右下腹瘢痕下方皮下组织脂肪层内可见一 2cm×1cm大小低回声占位 ,边界欠清 ,形态尚规则 ,其周边可见少量点状血流信号。诊断 :皮下组织脂肪层内低回声包块 ,请结合临床。患者经充分术前准备 ,于硬膜外麻醉下行包块切除术 ,术中见皮下脂肪层内有 1个 1cm× 2cm×3cm大小…     

剖宫产术子宫瘢痕妊娠超声表现1例

患者女,34岁。剖宫产术后7年。现停经2个月,阴道不规则流血17天。尿HCG(+)。超声显示子宫内膜线清晰,未见妊娠囊回声,子宫左前壁肌层内可及一范围约6.7cm×4.2cm×5.4cm的不均质囊实性混合回声包块,边界尚清,内可及多处不规则的无回声暗区,包块向宫外明显     

Ectopic pregnancies in caesarean section scars: 5 years experience

PurposeThe aim of the study is to evaluate our 5 years experience in diagnosis and treatment of ectopic pregnancy developing in a Caesarean section scar.Subjects & methodsThe study included twenty-one women, diagnosed with a Caesarean scar ectopic pregnancy (CSEP) in the first trimester, which was confirmed by ultrasound and treated in our hospital during 5 years between 2012 and 2016. The clinical presentations, imaging findings, and treatment outcomes of all these pregnancies were recorded.ResultsThe main complaints of the patients were vaginal bleeding in 7 (33.3%) of cases and abdominal pain in association with vaginal bleeding in 4 (19.1%) of cases. However, the remaining 10 cases (47.6%) were asymptomatic. The number of previous Caesarean sections ranged from 1 to 4 with an average of 2.14, 24% (5/21) of our patients had only one prior Caesarean section, 43% (9/21) had 2 prior Caesarean sections, 28% (6/21) had 3 prior Caesarean sections and only 5%, (1/21) had 4 prior Caesarean sections.All our 21 cases underwent successful early first trimester diagnosis with trans-vaginal color Doppler ultrasonography. All our 21 cases showed empty uterus and empty cervical canal with visualization of gestational sac at the presumed site of the Caesarean scar; however, 13 cases showed thinned myometrium (<5 mm) between the gestational sac and bladder. The mean thickness of Caesarean section incision scar was 0.3 ± 0.15 cm. 7 cases (33.3%) showed no embryo in the gestational sac while 14 cases (66.7%) showed embryonic gestational sac, 9 cases from the 14 showed heart activity.MRI studies were done in 7 patients with Caesarean scar ectopic pregnancy to confirm the diagnosis and to follow up 2 complicated cases.In all 7 cases, the diagnosis of Caesarean scar ectopic pregnancy using MRI included empty uterine and cervical cavities, and a gestational sac seen embedded within the site of caesarean scar, with thin myometrium adjacent to the sac. No bulging of the sac through the myometrium or bladder invasion was detected.Termination of pregnancy was done by systemic methotrexate administration in 14 cases, and with trans-cervical aspiration of the gestational sac in 7 cases. Intra-operative bleeding occurred in all 7 cases treated with aspiration of the gestational sac, one of the 7 cases complicated with hysterectomy, while one patient complicated with uterine rupture and was treated conservatively. The cases treated with systemic methotrexate injection showed no complication. The Caesarean scar mass was followed with trans-vaginal ultrasound and regressed within 2 months to about 1 year post treatment.ConclusionEarly imaging diagnosis and effective treatment of CSEP are critically important not only to improve outcomes, minimize maternal complications and the need for emergency extended surgery, but also to maintain treatment options, and potentially preserve future fertility.     

Diagnosis of an ectopic pregnancy on a cesarean scar

We report the diagnostic and therapeutic debate raised by an ectopic pregnancy on a cesarean scar. There were three phases. The first was to differentiate between an ongoing abortion and an ectopic pregnancy on a cesarean scar. The second was to determine whether the tissue was a mass of persistent trophoblasts or an invasive mole. Finally to determine the nature of a residual mass after chemotherapy and normalization of the beta CG level.     

影响子宫动脉栓塞术在剖宫产疤痕妊娠中应用的因素分析

目的：探讨子宫动脉栓塞术（UAE）在剖宫产疤痕妊娠（CSP）治疗中的应用效果及其影响因素分析。 方法：选取2012年12月至2017年6月在我院拟采用药物保守治疗的CSP患者76例。其中26例采用肌内注射甲氨蝶呤+清宫术治疗（A组）,50例采用甲氨蝶呤+UAE+清宫术治疗（B组）。比较两组的一般资料及治疗结果,采用多因素Logistic回归模型分析影响采用UAE介入治疗的因素,并进一步应用ROC曲线得出最佳临界值。 结果：单因素分析显示：两组的年龄、孕次、产次、剖宫产史时间、血清β-HCG值比较差异无统计学意义。B组的停经时间较A组长[（53.6±20.2）d vs.（48.7±17.2）d],孕囊比A组大[（3.87 ±1.58）mm vs.（3.19±2.06）mm],疤痕肌层厚度比A组薄[（1.65±1.12）mm vs.（2.97±1.24）mm]、疤痕妊娠分型中Ⅱ型比例较高（66% vs. 35%）,与A组差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）;Logistic回归分析显示：停经时间长、疤痕肌层厚度薄是影响采用UAE治疗CSP的独立危险因素。ROC曲线分析显示,妊娠时间≥51 d,疤痕肌层厚度≤2.7 mm为选择UAE的最佳临界值（ROC曲线下面积分别为0.813和0.808）。 结论：UAE可有效防治剖宫产疤痕妊娠保守治疗中的大出血;尤其对停经时间≥51 d,疤痕厚度≤2.7 mm的患者更具有重要的临床价值。     

磁共振成像对剖宫产瘢痕妊娠的诊断价值

目的：探讨磁共振成像（MRI）对剖宫产瘢痕妊娠的诊断价值。方法收集我院临床证实为剖宫产瘢痕妊娠的MRI图像5例,分析其MRI影像学表现和临床资料。结果5例瘢痕和孕囊均显示良好,瘢痕位于子宫体下部前壁,表现为T1WI及T2WI条样低信号。5例孕囊均呈囊状,表现为边界清楚的囊样长T1长T2信号影。瘢痕处肌层明显变薄,肌层厚度平均3 mm,其中1例向膀胱方向突出生长,瘢痕处肌层厚度1 mm。本组中4例在超声引导下行清宫术,而瘢痕处肌层厚度1 mm者行腹腔镜监护下清宫术,所有患者手术顺利。结论 MRI能很好地显示剖宫产瘢痕妊娠,有利于临床处理方式的选择。     

彩色多普勒超声在剖宫产切口处妊娠诊治中的价值

目的:探讨彩色多普勒超声在剖宫产术后子宫前壁峡部切口处早期妊娠(cesarean scar pregnancy,CSP)诊断和治疗中的应用价值。方法:回顾性分析12例CSP的超声声像图特征,包括病灶周边的血流分布、RI等。12例采用全身药物治疗后配合超声引导下绒毛植入区注射甲氨蝶呤(MTX)和米非司酮或从孕囊内抽吸囊液再注射MTX,其中4例在超声引导下行清宫术,治疗后对子宫前壁下段切口处的血流分布和RI等进行对比分析。结果:12例中,4例经超声引导下清宫后病理证实,8例经超声和临床明确诊断;9例超声显示为单纯孕囊型,3例为不均质团块型。12例治疗前后病灶长径、宽径差异均无统计学意义(P均0.05),子宫前壁下段肌层厚度增加(P0.000 1),病灶回声减低、周边及内部血流信号减少,RI升高(P0.000 1)。结论:超声是诊断CSP的首选方法,保守治疗者可在超声引导下局部注射MTX。超声同时可指导选择清宫治疗时机,评价治疗效果。     

Ultrasound findings in ectopic gestation

To study the diagnostic accuracy of real-time ultrasonography in the evaluation of ectopic pregnancy, the case records and preoperative sonograms of 57 patients with surgically proven ectopic pregnancy were reviewed. Some 81% of these patients had abnormal sonograms. However, the ultrasonographic findings were often nonspecific and in only 8.7% of the cases was an ectopic fetal heart beat demonstrated. Two patients in this series had coexistent intrauterine and extrauterine gestations. Other findings such as an adnexal mass, an empty uterus, fluid in the cul-de-sac, and a decidual reaction in the uterus are all suggestive of an ectopic pregnancy but can be seen in other conditions. The presence of a normal intrauterine gestation practically rules out the possibility of ectopic pregnancy.     

Logistic回归模型对不明位置妊娠患者早期异位妊娠的预测价值

目的:初步建立预测不明位置妊娠患者(PUL)早期异位妊娠(EP)的Logistic回归模型,评价该模型的应用价值。方法:对妊娠试验阳性的受检者常规进行经阴道能量多普勒超声检查(TV-PDU),对子宫内膜形态学及内膜下血流动力学参数进行测定,联合临床、生化资料行单变量非条件Logistic回归分析,筛选出有意义的变量,在此基础上行多变量Logistic回归,对有意义的研究因素采用逐步法,经优化组合后建立预测EP的Logistic回归模型并进行模型稳定性验证。利用ROC曲线确定诊断阈值和评估各单项指标及其不同指标组合的诊断价值。结果:最终197例(28.8%)为PUL患者,184例资料完整,62例(33.7%)确诊为EP,90例(48.9%)为宫内早孕,32例(17.4%)为宫内早孕流产。多变量Logistic回归分析显示只有4种超声参数对于鉴别EP有统计学意义(P<0.001),以此而建立了三个Logistic回归模型,Youden指数分别为81.2、95.2和97.6,以内膜形态 内膜厚度 对称性 内膜下动脉血流(M3)这一指标组合最优,联合评价诊断价值最高,模型稳定性较好,其ROC曲线下面积(AUC)最大,灵敏度98.4%,特异度99.2%,阳性预测值98.4%,阴性预测值99.2%。结论:Logistic回归分析为研究子宫内膜形态学、血流动力学与EP之间的关系提供了有效的方法,TV-PDU检查早期PUL患者子宫内膜的多变量Logistic回归模型可更早期地估测EP,在临床上无创性预测早期妊娠结局的危险性是可行的。     

彩色多普勒超声在诊治剖宫产子宫疤痕妊娠中的价值

目的探讨剖宫产子宫疤痕妊娠(CSP)的声像图特征,评价彩色多普勒超声在诊治CSP中的价值。方法对19例CSP病例的超声图像进行回顾性分析。结果根据19例CSP的声像图特征,可将其大致分为两种类型:妊娠囊型(12例),混合回声包块型(7例),初诊误诊率21.1%(4/19),超声诊断符合率78.9%(15/19)。结论 CSP具有特征性的超声图像表现,经彩色多普勒超声在诊断CSP和判断治疗效果中起了重要作用。     

Analysis of ultrasonographic criteria in the evaluation for ectopic pregnancy.

To assess the usefulness of ultrasound in diagnosing ectopic pregnancy, the ultrasonographic findings, pregnancy test results, and proven diagnoses in 148 patients referred for evaluation for ectopic pregnancy were reviewed. Of these patients, 33 were subsequently proven to have ectopic gestations. The ultrasonograms were coded for uterine size, intrauterine gestation sac, adnexal mass, adnexal ring, cul-de-sac fluid, or normal findings. With a positive pregnancy test, the presence of an intrauterine gestation sac excludes the diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy. Of those patients with positive pregnancy tests and no intrauterine gestation sac, 73% had ectopic pregnancy. All patients with normal ultrasonograms had other diagnoses. With a negative pregnancy test, the intrauterine findings are not helpful, and evaluation of the adnexa is more important. An adnexal ring is a significant, though not absolute, indicator of ectopic pregnancy. A normal scan excludes this diagnosis. Other criteria were not significant. A clinical approach to the evaluation for ectopic pregnancy, based on the data accumulated in this study, is suggested.