全电视胸腔镜下肺叶切除术51例

目的探讨全电视胸腔镜（VATS）下肺叶切除治疗肺部疾病的手术适应证、方法与可行性。方法对2008年8月至2012年12月,51例全胸腔镜下肺叶切除病例进行资料分析。结果全组共51例患者,均为全电视胸腔镜下完成肺叶切除,无死亡及中转开胸病例。结论全胸腔镜下肺叶切除治疗肺部疾病具有微创、安全、并发症少、恢复快的特点,值得更广泛推广。     

再次开胸瘘修补术治疗肺切除术后早期支气管胸膜瘘

目的 总结采用再次手术瘘修补结合自体带蒂肌瓣组织包盖残端的方法治疗23例肺切除术后早期支气管胸膜瘘(BPF)(9例伴有胸腔感染)的经验,并对治疗选择进行探讨.方法 23例中第一次手术方式全肺切除13例,肺叶切除10例.BPF发生时间为术后5～40天,平均21天.BPF确诊后,立即行胸腔闭式引流术并考虑行二次开胸瘘修补术.4例采用直接缝合修补瘘口,10例重新切除残端至正常组织后再次缝合,7例切除残端后行支气管成形或隆凸成形术,2例将带蒂肌瓣缝合到瘘口边缘达到封闭;瘘修补后残端后包埋的肌瓣包括肋间肌瓣5例,肋背阔肌瓣10例、前锯肌瓣6例、骶棘肌2例.瘘修补术后常规给予胸腔冲冼.结果无术中及术后近期死亡.术后并发严重并发症4例,均对症治疗后痊愈.21例瘘口修补成功,失败2例,成功率为91.3％.1例修补后2年因残端复发致BPF伴脓胸,其余均无BPF复发.结论 肺切除术后早期BPF,即使有胸腔感染,如果预期可耐受手术,应尽早积极手术修补瘘口并以带蒂胸壁肌瓣包盖,结合术后胸腔持续冲洗,可获得良好效果.     

全电视胸腔镜下肺叶切除术

目的总结探讨全电视胸腔镜肺叶切除的安全手术方法。方法在自2008年7月至2010年3月以来共完成全电胸腔镜下肺叶切除57例,男34例,女23例,年龄45～78岁。临床诊断支气管扩张症3例,肺曲菌球病2例,肺硬化性血管瘤2例,慢性肺部炎症1例,肺癌49例。腋中线第7或第8肋间作镜孔（1.5～2cm）,肩胛下角线第7或第8肋间作操作孔（1.5～2cm）,腋前线与锁骨中线间第4肋间（上中叶切除）或第5肋间（下叶切除）作一长约4～6cm辅助切口,便于游离肺门血管和取出被切肺叶。术中应用血管切割缝合器处理血管、支气管。结果切除左肺上叶12例,左肺下叶13例,右肺上叶11例,右肺中叶5例,右肺下叶16例。术后平均胸管引流量50～150ml/d。平均住院时间10.5d。全组无死亡病例。结论全电视胸腔镜肺叶切除具有出血少、疼痛小、住院时间短和病程恢复快等优点。胸外科医师经过相关训练完全能掌握这项微创技术进行安全手术。     

全胸腔镜肺叶切除术治疗支气管扩张症的临床研究

目的 比较全胸腔镜肺叶切除术与常规开胸肺叶切除术治疗支气管扩张症的临床效果,探讨全胸腔镜肺叶切除术治疗支气管扩张症的特殊性、可行性和安全性. 方法 回顾性分析2009年5月至2012年1月北京朝阳医院115例支气管扩张症患者的临床资料,根据手术方式不同将115例患者分为两组,常规开胸手术组(开胸组):62例,男28例,女34例;年龄(46.2±11.9)岁;行常规开胸肺叶切除术.全胸腔镜手术组(全腔镜组):53例,男 19例,女34例;年龄(45.7±12.2)岁;行全胸腔镜肺叶切除术.比较两组患者的手术时间、术中出血量、术后胸腔引流量、并发症、住院时间和住院总费用. 结果 围术期无死亡.两组患者手术时间差异无统计学意义;开胸组术中出血量大于全腔镜组[(228.8±121.7) ml vs.( 157.1±123.8)ml,t=2.592,P=0.011].全腔镜组患者术后胸腔引流量[(866.7±439.5) ml vs.(1 805.3±466.7)ml,t=9.003,P=0.000]、拔管时间[(6 6±3.3)d vs.(9.8±4.6)d,t=3.339,P=0.001]、术后住院时间[(7.5±2.2)d vs(11.2±5.4)d,t=3.424,P=0.001]均少于开胸组,但全腔镜组住院费用明显高于开胸组[(38 543.6±11 051.8)元vs.(30 523.4±10 028.5)元,t=3.423,P=0 001],两组患者术后并发症发生差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).全腔镜组随访45例,随访时间2～14个月,42例咳痰或咯血症状完全消失,3例仍有间断少量咳痰. 结论 全胸腔镜肺叶切除术治疗支气管扩张症是安全、可行的,与常规开胸手术相比较并不增加手术风险,并可显著减轻手术损伤,缩短住院时间.在全胸腔镜手术过程中,对肺部分切除的患者术中应谨慎处理肺残端,而非单一的手术顺序是一种值得推荐的方法.     

282例全电视胸腔镜下肺叶切除术的围术期护理体会

目的总结完全胸腔镜下行单向式肺叶切除术围手术期的护理经验,探讨胸腔镜肺叶切除术后并发症的护理方法,减少并发症的发生。方法回顾性分析2010年1月至2011年12月282例肺癌患者行胸腔镜单向式肺叶切除术的临床资料。对上述282例行该手术的患者均加强术前宣教,指导有效咳嗽和深呼吸锻炼,做好呼吸道护理,加强生命体征及引流管观察等。结果全部患者均治愈出院,住院期间无护理并发症发生。结论电视胸腔镜肺叶切除术具有创伤小,痛苦轻,恢复快等优点,通过正确的护理干预措施,加强围手术期护理,严密观察病情变化,可减少护理并发症发生,促进术后恢复。     

生物胶封堵全肺切除术后后期支气管胸膜瘘

肺癌全肺切除术后后期支气管胸膜瘘临床少见，但处理较为棘手。我院近期收治2例肺癌全肺切除术后发生后期支气管胸膜瘘，均使用生物胶封堵，成功1例，现报告如下。     

肺切除术后支气管胸膜瘘的外科治疗

从1976年至1996年，我科对11例肺切除术后发生支气管胸膜瘘的病人进行了外科治疗。治愈10人，治愈率91％，1例经过3次手术后复发的病人死于与手术无关的晚期肺癌。治疗支气管胸膜瘘的方法很多，以胸改（局部或扩大）加胸部带蒂肌瓣胸内转移方法最有效。肩胂骨次全切除（一种扩大胸改的新术式）加肩胂下肌及冈下肌胸内转移对那些顽固性支气管胸膜瘘病人有良好的效果。作者认为治疗支气管胸膜瘘的关键是：①充分地胸腔引流及感染的控制；②有效地封闭支气管瘘口；③彻底地消除患侧胸膜残腔。     

全电视胸腔镜下肺叶切除术156例报告

目的探讨全电视胸腔镜下肺叶切除术治疗肺部疾病的价值。方法 2008年1月～2011年1月,通过胸部3个微小切口行全电视胸腔镜下肺叶切除术156例,无须放置肋骨撑开器,不牵开肋骨,基本操作顺序与常规开胸肺叶切除相同。肺癌病人均清扫淋巴结。结果本组手术顺利,无围手术期严重并发症及死亡,手术时间(166±58)min,术中出血(210±108)ml,术后住院时间(8.3±3.0)d。术后病理诊断:肺部良性病变28例(17.9%),其中隐球菌感染16例,结核球7例,肺不张5例;肺部恶性肿瘤128例(82.1%),其中细支气管肺泡癌72例,腺癌26例,细支气管肺泡癌合并腺癌17例,鳞癌13例。156例术后随访3～36个月,平均13个月:28例良性疾病无远期感染性并发症;128例恶性肿瘤中,术后3年内发生远处转移6例,主要为脑、肾上腺转移;无死亡病例。结论全电视胸腔镜下肺叶切除术安全、有效。     

完全电视胸腔镜肺叶切除术23例报告

目的探讨完全电视胸腔镜肺叶切除术的可行性。方法2008年1月-2010年1月我院行完全胸腔镜肺叶切除术23例（右上叶9例、右下叶9例、左下叶3例、左上叶2例;肺癌21例,肺隐球菌病2例）,采用标准完全胸腔镜肺叶切除切口,按照解剖学肺叶切除分别处理肺静脉、动脉及支气管等,肺癌同时进行肺门和纵隔淋巴结清扫。结果3例中转开胸,其中2例为右上肺癌后升支动脉出血,1例为右下肺癌切除术中误伤中间干支气管。手术时间120-300rain,平均202rain;术中出血50-500ml,平均210ml。清扫淋巴结2-33枚,平均17枚。无手术死亡及严重并发症,胸腔引流时间3-16d,平均5d。术后住院4-17d,平均6d。23例随访3—24个月,平均12个月,21例肺癌中除1例Ⅲa期术后9个月出现骨转移外,余20例无复发。结论完全电视胸腔镜肺叶切除术安全可行。     

经纤维支气管镜注入医用生物蛋白胶治疗支气管胸膜瘘体会

目的探讨经纤维支气管镜注入医用生物蛋白胶治疗支气管胸膜瘘的效果。方法 2002年6月～2008年12月,对21例支气管胸膜瘘经纤维支气管镜注入医用生物蛋白胶治疗,瘘口大小2～12mm,平均4.3mm。术后镇咳、控制胸腔感染、加强支持治疗。结果治愈17例(治疗1次3例,2次2例,3次8例,4次4例),无效4例(治疗4次无效后行瘘口修补手术治疗)。经纤维支气管镜可以看到瘘口2～3mm的15例全部痊愈;5例瘘口3～10mm者2例痊愈,3例瘘口6mm、8mm、9mm者无效;1例瘘口12mm者无效。17例治愈患者随访4～6个月,平均5.5月,未见支气管胸膜瘘复发。结论经纤维支气管镜注射医用生物蛋白胶治疗支气管胸膜瘘是一种微创、安全、有效的方法。瘘口≤3mm者治疗效果良好,而3mm的瘘口特别是10mm者疗效欠佳。     

Video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) lobectomy for typical bronchopulmonary carcinoid tumors

Background: Indications for the use of video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) lobectomy are a controversial matter. This study aims to provide a retrospective evaluation of VATS lobectomy in typical bronchopulmonary carcinoids. Methods: Patient selection criteria for VATS lobectomy were as follows: (a) typical carcinoids with clear diagnosis; (b) centrally located lung tumors not amenable to bronchial resection with bronchoplastic procedures, or tumors located in peripheral lung tissues; (c) no hilar or mediastinal lymph node enlargement; and (d) normal respiratory function. Between January 1995 and December 1999, 12 patients (eight men and four women with a mean age of 57 years) were treated, seven with a peripheral and five with a centrally located tumor. Preoperative examination included chest roentgenograms, computed tomography (CT) of the chest, bronchoscopy, and spirometry; diagnosis was established by direct bronchoscopy in five cases, transbronchial biopsy in two cases, transthoracic biopsy in two cases, and videothorascopic wedge resection in three cases. Eleven VATS lobectomies and one VATS bilobectomy were performed. All patients underwent hilar lymphadenectomy and mediastinal sampling. Results: There were no intraoperative complications. The only postoperative complication, hematothorax (8.3%), required VATS reoperation. Mean postoperative hospital stay was 5.33 days. Pathological examination of the resected specimens confirmed that the procedure was radical in all 12 patients and revealed eight T1N0 and four T2N0. At a mean follow-up of 30 months, no signs of recurrence were recorded. Conclusion: VATS lobectomy in the treatment of selected typical carcinoids, both central and peripheral, seems to yield favorable results and is therefore preferable to thoracotomy since it is less invasive. Received: 21 January 2000/Accepted: 11 May 2000/Online publication: 5 October 2000     

Video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) segmentectomy for small peripheral lung cancer tumors: intermediate results

Background We investigated the feasibility and suitability of video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) segmentectomy for curing selected non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with this less invasive technique Methods We performed VATS segmentectomy for small (<20 nm) peripherally located tumors and pathologically confirmed lobar lymph node-negative disease by frozen-section examination during surgery. Of the 34 patients who underwent this limited resection, 22 were treated with complete hilar and mediastinal lymph node dissection (intentional group), whereas 12 patients who were deemed to be high risk in their toleration for lobectomy underwent VATS segmentectomy with incomplete hilar and mediastinal lymph node dissection (compromised group). The surgical and clinical parameters were evaluated and compared with those of segmentectomy under standard thoracotomy to evaluate the technical feasibility of VATS segmentectomy. Results We found that VATS segmentectomy could be performed safely with a nil mortality rate and acceptably low morbidity. The mean period of observation was relatively short at 656.7±572.1 and 783.4±535.8 days in the intentional and compromised groups, respectively. At the time of writing, all intentional patients remain alive and free of recurrence. There were two cases of non-cancer-related death in the compromised group. Clinical data indicated that VATS segmentectomy caused the same number or fewer surgical insults compared with segmen-tectomy under standard thoractomy Conclusions The present results are intermediate only; the rate of long-term survival and the advantages of the less invasive procedure still need further investigation. Nevertheless, we believe that VATS segmentectomy with complete lymph node dissection is a reasonable treatment option for selected patients with small peripheral NSCLC.     

54例胸外伤辅助小切口电视胸腔镜手术报告

目的　通过辅助小切口配合电视辅助腔镜手术 (VidoAssistedThoracospicSurgery ,VATS) ,扩大VATS手术适应范围。　方法　对 5 4例胸外伤患者使用VATS辅以小切口进行肺叶切除术、肺楔形切除术、肺破裂修补术、膈肌破裂修补术。　结果　 5 4例治愈出院。术后恢复快 ,住院天数 8天～ 12天 ,平均 10天。切口甲级愈合 ,术后无并发症。　结论　辅助小切口配合VATS能完成与常规开胸术同等质量的胸部手术 ,使诊治同步进行 ,扩展了VATS的手术适应范围。     

Video-assisted thoracoscopic lobectomy with bronchoplasty for lung cancer: tip regarding bronchial anastomosis

No study has discussed the application of video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) to bronchoplasty or the handling of a needle and forceps in a bronchial anastomosis. We use the following steps for bronchial anastomosis: Insert the needle and forceps vertical to the bronchial wall, move them in such way as to scoop something up, rotate and turn around, repeat the second step, and pull from the bronchial wall along the curvature of the needle. Handling the needle forceps along the curvature of the needle is critically important.     

Very long-term outcomes of video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery for lung cancer

Background  The most critical parameter in the evaluation of the feasibility of video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) lobectomy for lung cancer is long-term outcome. In this study, patients in whom more than 5 years had elapsed since they had undergone VATS lobectomy for lung cancer were identified, and the 5-year survival rate and frequency of recurrence were evaluated as the long-term outcomes; in addition, the frequency of perioperative complications were also evaluated as the short-term outcomes. Methods  The stage, histology, perioperative complications, recurrence, and survival data were carefully reviewed in 198 patients who underwent VATS lobectomy for lung cancer between 1998 and 2002. Results  Median postoperative follow-up period was 72.1 months. Of the 198 patients, 138 and 30 were diagnosed as having p-stage IA and IB disease, respectively, while the remaining 30 patients had more advanced disease. Perioperative complications were observed in 20 patients (10.1%), however, there were no perioperative mortalities. Recurrence was observed in 26 patients (13.1%): of these, 11 patients showed local recurrence, including malignant pleural effusion and mediastinal lymph node recurrence, and 16 patients showed distant metastasis, the lung being the commonest site of metastasis; six patients had both local recurrence and distant metastasis. During the study period, there were 26 deaths (13.1%), of which 17 were due to lung cancer and 9 were due to other causes. The 5-year overall survival rates of the patients with p-stage IA and IB disease were 93.5% and 81.6%, respectively. Conclusion  VATS lobectomy for the treatment of lung cancer is as feasible and safe as open lobectomy in terms of both very long- and short-term outcomes.     

Treatment of pulmonary sequestration by video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS)

Pulmonary sequestration is a rare malformation of the respiratory tract that accounts for 0.15–6.4% of all congenital lung anomalies. Treatment requires resection of the lesion, provided that there is no technical contraindication. The lession should first be evaluated using video thoracoscopy and then resected whenever possible by video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS). We report a case of extralobar pulmonary sequestration in a 48-year-old woman. She underwent lobectomy by VATS and achieved an excellent outcome.     

518例早期肺癌的电视胸腔镜肺叶切除术

目的 探讨采用电视胸腔镜手术(VATS)治疗早期肺癌的理论依据和实践规范,分析影响预后的相关因素.方法 1997年5月至2009年10月,518例早期肺癌患者行VATS肺叶切除术中男297例,女221例;平均年龄(58.9±10.6)岁.结果 术后并发症和手术死亡分别为10.8％和0.4％.患者年龄(P=0.0300,OR=2.0148,95％ CI 1.0700～3.7940)和手术时间(P =0.0007,OR=1.0086,95％ CI 1.0036～1.0136)是影响术后并发症发生率的独立危险因素.1、3、5年总生存率为98％、81％、66％,术后病理分期(P=0.0036,OR=1.6071,95％ CI 1.1677 ～2.2118)是惟一的影响因素.结论VATS肺叶切除术是治疗早期肺癌的一种安全手术方式.对于高龄患者应慎重;手术时间不宜过长;合理处理意外状况、必要时应果断中转开胸有助于降低手术风险.     

Video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) of the lung

Background Video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) in the diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary diseases has been used since the early 1990s, yet its impact on intraoperative and postoperative morbidity has not yet been fully evaluated. This report aims to provide a retrospective analysis of the literature and the authors’ clinical experience with VATS in pulmonary surgery, with the goal of ascertaining rational criteria that explain operative complications and thus improve outcomes. Methods Over a period of 15 years 1,615 VATS procedures were performed in our department, 743 of which involved only the lung. The accesses employed were based on the use of three ports through which a thoracoscope, endoscopic instruments, and an endostapler were inserted; for major pulmonary resections, a utility thoracotomy without rib spreader was added. Resections less than segmentectomy were performed using the endostapler directly on the parenchyma, whereas in the anatomic resections all the hilar structures were isolated and separately sectioned. Results The procedures performed were as follows: surgical biopsy, 98; wedge resection, 412; segmentectomy, 15; lobectomy, 217; pneumonectomy, 1. Besides the cases in which there were intraoperative complications that could be resolved thoracoscopically, it was necessary to convert to open surgery in 80 patients (10.8%): in 24 (3.3%), for general reasons linked to the technique of VATS itself; in 56 (7.5%), for specific causes correlated to the type of exeresis. The overall postoperative morbidity rate was 8.3% with no deaths. Conclusions The analysis of the literature and our experience show that VATS is a reliable approach to the diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary diseases with low complication rate. To further reduce intraoperative and postoperative morbidity, however, it is necessary to select the patients carefully, to adhere strictly to oncological surgical principles, and to adopt a meticulous technique. Although conversion to open surgery represents failure of VATS, it is mandatory when the procedure is not completely safe.     

早期拔除胸腔引流管在胸腔镜肺部手术后的应用

目的探讨胸腔镜肺部手术后早期拔除胸腔引流管的可行性和安全性,探索胸腔引流管的拔除指征。 方法选择2019年11月至2020年4月在南京大学医学院附属鼓楼医院行胸腔镜肺部手术,并于术后早期(48 h内)拔除胸腔引流管患者117例作为观察组;另外选择2018年11月至2019年4月在南京大学医学院附属鼓楼医院行胸腔镜肺部手术,但术后非早期拔除胸腔引流管患者114例作为对照组。两组在年龄(P＝0.476)、性别(P＝0.216)、术式(P＝0.715)、是否行纵隔淋巴结清扫或采样(P＝0.200)、目标肺叶(P＝0.925)、病变性质(P＝0.957)方面均差异无统计学意义。回顾性分析两组患者术后临床结果、拔除引流管后并发症及再次行胸腔引流情况。 结果观察组和对照组拔管前24 h引流量[(245.7±98.1)ml比(120.8±46.8)ml,P<0.001]、术后引流时间[(43.9±2.6)h比(84.5±10.5)h,P<0.001]、术后住院时间[(2.2±0.4)d比(4.2±1.1)d,P<0.001]、住院费用[(5.3±0.4)万元比(5.6±0.3)万元,P<0.001]、拔管后疼痛视觉模拟评分(visionl analogue scale, VAS) [(4.4±1.2)分比(3.3±1.2)分,P<0.001]、拔管后总体并发症发生率(20.5%比10.5%,P＝0.036)差异有统计学意义,观察组拔管前后VAS [(5.9±0.8)分比(4.4±1.2)分,P<0.001]和对照组拔管前后VAS [(6.0±0.9)分比(3.3±1.2)分,P<0.001]差异有统计学意义。观察组和对照组拔管前VAS [(5.9±0.8)分比(6.0±0.9)分,P＝0.464]、拔管后气胸(1.7%比0.9%,P>0.999)、胸腔积液(12.8%比6.1%,P＝0.084)、皮下气肿(2.6%比1.8%,P>0.999)、发热(3.4%比1.8%,P＝0.703)、再次行胸腔引流(2.6%比1.8%,P>0.999)发生率差异无统计学意义。 结论虽然术后早期拔除引流管可能会增加拔除引流管后胸腔积液的发生率,但早期拔除引流管可以明显减轻患者术后疼痛,并且不会增加气胸、皮下气肿、发热的发生率,也不会增加再次行胸腔引流的风险。因此,胸腔镜肺部手术后早期拔除胸腔引流管是安全、可行的,有利于减轻患者经济负担,缩短住院时间,促进患者加速康复。     

Video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) lobectomy: the evidence base.

BACKGROUND: Video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) lobectomy provides a minimally invasive alternative for management of early stage non-small cell lung cancer, but is still only performed in a few specialized centers around the world. Questions about the safety of the surgery and its adequacy as a cancer operation remain hurdles for many surgeons. METHODS: We performed a systematic review of the literature on VATS lobectomy to assess these questions. The MEDLINE database was queried and the papers analyzed. RESULTS: Four randomized control trials, 11 case-control series, and 10 case series were reviewed. A variety of VATS techniques are used, making generalization of results difficult. The weight of this evidence suggests that VATS lobectomy can be safely performed and is an adequate cancer operation for early stage non-small cell lung cancer. There is also evidence that patients experience less pain with VATS, but that length of hospital stay is similar. CONCLUSION: In expert hands, VATS lobectomy appears to be a safe procedure. However, the published evidence is thin and ongoing study is required, preferably with standardization of VATS techniques.