急性肠系膜静脉血栓形成的介入治疗

目的探讨介入治疗急性肠系膜静脉血栓形成(AMVT)的方法及疗效。方法对15例经影像学确诊的AMVT患者进行了介入治疗,其中经肠系膜上动脉途径溶栓治疗8例,经皮经肝穿刺门静脉途径机械性取栓5例,经颈静脉经肝穿刺门静脉途径机械性取栓2例。结果15例患者均获成功,介入治疗后腹痛消失,血管造影可见肠系膜上静脉内血流通畅。本组均获随访,随访时间为10～22个月,均未复发。结论对于早期AMVT病例,介入治疗是一种较好的方法。     

介入治疗急性肠系膜静脉血栓形成

目的探讨介入治疗急性肠系膜静脉血栓形成（AMVT）的疗效。方法采用介入方法治疗AMVT16例。采用经肠系膜上动脉插管介入溶栓8例，经皮经肝穿刺门静脉途径肠系膜静脉内行机械性血栓清除术6例，采用经颈静脉穿刺门静脉途径（TIPSS）在肠系膜静脉内行机械性血栓清除术2例。结果16例治疗均成功，无明显并发症。介入治疗后大部分血栓被清除，肠系膜静脉内血流通畅，患者症状消失。随访10～22个月，均未复发。结论介入治疗具有创伤小、并发症低的优点，对于无坏死型急性MVT患者，介入治疗是一种较好的方法。     

亚急性期门静脉-肠系膜上静脉血栓的介入治疗

目的 评价介入技术治疗亚急性肠系膜上静脉.门静脉(SMV-PV)血栓形成的疗效.方法 对21例诊断为亚急性SMV-PV血栓形成患者进行了介入治疗.所用技术有经导管肠系膜上动脉(SMA)溶栓(14例)和经颈静脉途径经肝穿刺门静脉(简称TIPSS途径)介入治疗(7例).结果 经TIPSS途径治疗7例,大部分血栓被清除,门静脉系统有血流通过,临床症状缓解.经导管SMA内溶栓治疗14例,术后症状逐渐改善13例,无效1例.结论 介入治疗技术是治疗亚急性SMV-PV血栓形成的有效方法.     

急诊PTVE、PSE双重介入栓塞治疗肝硬化门静脉高压所致上消化道大出血的价值

目的评价经皮经肝食管胃底曲张静脉栓塞术（PTVE）联合部分性脾动脉栓塞术（PSE）急诊双重介入治疗肝硬化门静脉高压所致上消化道大出血的临床应用价值。方法21例肝硬化门静脉高压所致的上消化道大出血患者，肝功能评价均为Child B、C级。首先经动脉穿刺行脾动脉或肠系膜上动脉造影，间接了解门静脉走行，接着经皮经肝穿刺门静脉行食管胃底曲张静脉挂塞，再经动脉导管行部分性脾栓塞。结果21例急性上消化道大出血患者行双重介入栓塞术治疗均获得成功；随访6个月，无一例发生再出血，12个月时，再出血2例；随访期内死亡2例。结论PTVE、PSE联合急诊治疗肝硬化门静脉高压所致上消化道大出血创伤小，既控制了上消化道出血，又适度降低了门静脉的压力，疗效确切，在临床急救方面能起到重要作用。     

肝癌经皮门静脉穿刺化疗15例临床观察

目的探讨B超引导下经皮经肝门静脉穿刺化疗的可行性、操作技术及其在肝癌介入治疗中的应用价值。方法在超声引导下,选用21G PTC针对15例肝癌患者进行经皮经肝微创穿刺门静脉并注入化疗药或栓塞剂。结果 15例患者经皮肝门静脉穿刺均获得成功(100％),未出现严重并发症。结论采用超声引导经皮肝门静脉穿刺是一种可供选择的门静脉给药方法。     

肝癌合并门静脉癌栓的TACE治疗

随着对门静脉癌栓认识的深入及介入水平的提高 ,肝癌合并门静脉癌栓已不再是肝动脉栓塞化疗 (TACE)的禁忌症 ,本文系统地回顾了肝癌合并门静脉癌栓行TACE治疗的患者 89例 ,进一步探讨了TACE对肝癌合并门静脉癌栓的疗效。1　资料与方法1 1　一般资料　病人 89例 ,男 65例 ,女 2 4例。年龄 1 6～75岁。均为原发性肝癌合并门静脉癌栓。其中合并分支 +门静脉主干癌栓 32例 ,术后复发 2 1例。术中见动脉 -门静脉瘘 2 9例。 89例中行TACE 1次 9例 ,2次 2 1例 ,3次以上59例。1 2　治疗方法　TACE采用Seldinger技术 ,经股动脉穿刺插管 ,…     

CT在肝囊肿介入治疗中的应用

目的探讨CT在肝囊肿介入治疗中的临床应用价值,进一步提高肝囊肿介入治疗的成功率。方法本组32例患者均在CT引导下进行肝囊肿穿刺抽液,然后注入适量无水酒精行硬化治疗术,术后0.5～1.0a随访。结果肝囊肿穿刺准确率100%,穿刺囊肿39个,穿刺次数40次,随访30例,其中23例囊肿消失,6例明显缩小(为原来的1/3以下),1例治疗失败。结论在CT引导下肝囊肿穿刺治疗术,定位准确,简单,安全,创伤小,成功率高。     

介入结合基因治疗原发性肝癌门静脉癌栓

目的探讨介入结合基因法治疗肝癌门静脉癌栓疗效。方法对25例不能手术的肝癌并门静脉癌栓患者于TACE治疗5～7d后,在超声引导下经皮门静脉穿刺向癌栓内注射p53基因。结果25例中PVTT消失率24％（6／25）,缩小率48％（12／25）,有效率72％（18／25）。肿瘤缩小率88％（22／25）。AFP转阴率80％。治疗后门静脉情况发生明显改善：DSA间接门静脉造影见门静脉延迟显现时间明显缩短、门脉主干或分支充盈缺损减小或消失。结论TACE联合经皮门静脉穿刺注射p53基因治疗肝癌门静脉主干癌栓可降低患者门静脉压力,预防肝内转移,提高疗效,改善患者生存质量,延长患者生存期。     

肝癌门静脉癌栓非手术治疗的临床效果

目的 探讨在超声引导下经皮穿刺门静脉癌栓直接治疗的临床价值。方法 20例肝癌门静脉癌栓患者门静脉直接穿刺或置管。穿刺16例,置管4例。药物包括：丝裂霉素C（MMC）、表阿霉素（EPB）、5－氟脲嘧啶（5－Fu）、甲酰四氢叶酸钙（CF）、无水酒精及碘油。结果 1例癌栓消失、3例门脉主干部癌栓缩小、6你得到明显控制,所有患者临床症状得以改善,生存期延长。结论 超声引导下直接门静脉穿刺癌栓治疗是一简单、有效、安全的方法,对晚期肝癌的治疗有积极意义。     

彩色及脉冲多普勒在原发性肝癌合并门静脉癌栓中的应用价值

彩色多普勒血流显像(CDFI)及脉冲多普勒(PW)能通过门静脉及其周围血流的形态变化,不仅可以定性,而且可以判断门静脉癌栓的堵塞程度以及门静脉断流后侧枝循环是否形成等。本文总结了34例原发性肝癌合并门静脉癌栓的门静脉血流的形态变化,旨在探讨CDFI及PW对门静脉癌栓诊断的应用价值。 1 资料与方法 1.1 一般资料本组门静脉癌栓34例,男29例,女5例,年龄31岁～67岁。有肝硬化病史22例。所有病例均经CT、彩超确诊,其中1例为肝动脉栓塞治疗后,1例肝左叶切除后。 1.2 方法使用Acuson 128XP/10彩色超声显像仪。患者空     

Calcium intake in the elderly: validation of a dietary questionnaire

Epidemiological studies of calcium and osteoporosis have been hampered by the lack of a suitable tool for assessing calcium intake. This report describes a new frequency and amount questionnaire for measuring present and past calcium intake in the elderly. The validity of the questionnaire was tested against two commonly used standards of dietary assessment, five-day duplicate diets and seven-day weighed dietary inventories. The resulting correlation coefficients were, respectively, r = 0.76 and r = 0.69, while that for repeatability was r = 0.84. Furthermore, the questionnaire categorized subjects into thirds of the distribution of intake with almost no gross misclassification. It is suggested that the present findings may be extended to the majority of normal, healthy elderly subjects, implying wide application for the questionnaire in the assessment of calcium intake in the elderly.     

Self-reported health problems among Swedish miners one year after unemployment

Unemployment is considered to be a public health concern sincedeterioration in the health of the unemployed is often anticipated.However, for some groups, such as miners, unemployment mightimprove health due to a cessation of potentially harmful occupationalexposures. This study evaluates the health of 79 miners in oneSwedish iron-ore mine, and 226 age-matched controls from thegeneral population, during one year after the closure of themine. The participants received a questionnaire regarding medicalhistory and subjective symptoms at the beginning of the studyperiod, and after one year. Statistically significant negativeeffects on self-reported health attributable to unemploymentwere not found, although neuropsychiatric symptoms were morecommon among the unemployed miners. The miners reported a statisticallysignificant improvement in grip force (p=0.031). They had asignificantly higher prevalence of symptoms associated withmining related exposures when compared with the population controls;pain in the upper extremities [relative risk (RR)=2.27, 95%confidence interval (Cl)=1.44–3.59), back pain (RR=1.84;Cl=1.237–2.75), vasospastic disease of the fingers (RR=2.05;Cl=1.18–3.57) and obstructive respiratory symptoms (attacksof dyspnea and wheezing: RR=3.67; Cl=1.167–11.6).     

Excès de cas humains et animaux de tularémie en France au cours de l’hiver 2007–2008 : émergence ou phénomène isolé ?

Context

Tularemia is a zoonosis affecting humans and hares in France. We describe the results of surveillance in both species, in 2007 and 2008.

Methods

Human tularemia cases are mandatorily notifiable in France since 2003. In hares, surveillance relies on volunteer hunter associations in all districts of the country. Data from mandatory reports and volunteer surveillance in 2007/2008 were analyzed and compared with previous results.

Results

In 2007/2008, 144 cases were reported in humans and 117 cases in hares. This was a 100% increase compared to previous years. Human cases differed from those of previous years only by the frequency of contact with breeding animals. Human cases without any documented risk exposure were also more frequent.

Conclusion

An increase of tularemia cases occurred in 2007/2008 in both species. Complementary studies are needed to identify the species reservoir in France to understand the causes of this peak of cases.     

Occupational health hazards in mining: an overview

This review article outlines the physical, chemical, biological, ergonomic and psychosocial occupational health hazards of mining and associated metallurgical processes. Mining remains an important industrial sector in many parts of the world and although substantial progress has been made in the control of occupational health hazards, there remains room for further risk reduction. This applies particularly to traumatic injury hazards, ergonomic hazards and noise. Vigilance is also required to ensure exposures to coal dust and crystalline silica remain effectively controlled.     

Manufacture and use of nanomaterials: current status in the UK and global trends

This paper provides an overview of the production and use of nanomaterials (NMs), particularly in the UK. Currently, relatively few companies in the UK are identifiable as NM manufacturers, the main emphasis being the bulk markets in metals and metal oxides, and some niche markets such as carbon nanotubes and quantum dots. NM manufacturing in the UK does not reflect the global emphasis on fullerenes, nanotubes and fibres. Some assumptions have been made about the types of NM that are likely to be imported into the UK, which currently include fullerenes, modified fullerenes and other carbon-based NMs including nanotubes. Many university departments, spin-offs and private companies have developed processes for the manufacture of NMs but may only be producing small quantities for research and development (R&D) purposes. However, some have the potential to scale up to produce large quantities. The nanotechnology industry in the UK has strong R&D backup from universities and related institutions. This review has covered R&D trends at such institutions, and appropriate information has been added to a searchable database. While several companies are including NMs in their products, only a few (e.g. manufacturers of paints, coatings, cosmetics, catalysts, polymer composites) are using nanoparticles (NPs) in any significant quantities. However, this situation is likely to change rapidly. There is a need to collect more information about exposure to NPs in both manufacturing and user scenarios. As the market grows, and as manufacturers switch from the micro- to the nanoscale, the potential for exposure will increase. More research is required to quantify any risks to workers and consumers.     

深圳公立医院管理体制改革制度设计

深圳公立医院管理体制改革实行政事分开、管办分开,在理事会架构下按法定机构模式组建市医管中心,落实公立医院运营管理自主权.作者从当前公立医院管理体制的弊端入手,介绍了深圳市进行公立医院管理体制改革的基本思路及改革方案设计的主要举措,深入剖析了的改革方案的特点,并对改革效果进行了预测.     

Effects of nitrogen dioxide on red blood cells of rats: Changes in components of red cell membranes during in vivo exposure to NO2

Red cell membranes, prepared from red blood cells of rats exposed to 4, 10, or 20 ppm nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) for 1 to 10 days, were examined for evidence of changes in membrane components. Appreciable changes were not found in contents of phospholipid and cholesterol during exposure to 10 ppm NO₂. By contrast, protein content altered with the time of exposure. Moreover, changes in protein composition were observed by employing sodium dodecyl sulfate — polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Twenty-four-hour exposure to NO₂ at the concentration above 10 ppm resulted in a marked increase in the percentage of lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LysoPE) to the total phospholipids. The prolonged exposure to 10 ppm NO₂ gave rise to a further increase in LysoPE, whereas the percentage of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) showed a gradual decrease. A 1-day exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂ also caused an increase in sialic acid content and decreases in those of PE and hexose. In addition to contents of these components the percentage of LysoPE increased 5 days after exposure and the elevated values were maintained up to the end of exposure period. These results demonstrate that red blood cells in circulation exhibit different membrane properties in terms of lipid and carbohydrate composition during 10 days of exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂.     

Investigating clusters in the workplace and beyond

Clusters of disease are common and occur in the workplace and in the general community. They often arouse considerable concern among the population. Investigations have sometimes lead to exciting new knowledge, but in general the investigation of clusters is difficult and often unrewarding, especially for community clusters. In the workplace, investigations are more likely to find associations and even new causes, but still many clusters remain enigmatic. Despite this, there are many reasons for investigating clusters, including allaying community concern and identifying uncontrolled exposures. A structure for investigating clusters in the workplace is suggested.