异种(猪)无细胞真皮基质与自体微粒皮复合移植修复深度烧伤创面的实验研究

目的　观察异种 (猪 )无细胞真皮支架与自体微粒皮加同种异体皮复合移植修复全层皮肤缺损的效果。方法　 4 8只 SD大鼠背部全层皮肤缺损创面 ,分别行异种 (猪 )无细胞真皮支架与自体微粒皮移植(复合皮组 )和单纯微粒皮移植 (对照组 ) ,术后定期观察创面愈合情况并行创面愈合率和收缩率的计算 ,同时取创面组织进行组织学观察。结果　复合皮组的创面愈合情况良好 ,未见明显挛缩 ,皮肤弹性较好 ,两组异体皮成活情况及创面愈合情况相近 ,但是复合皮组创面收缩率显著低于对照组。组织学观察复合皮组上皮化良好 ,胶原纤维排列有序 ,基底膜结构完整。结论　异种 (猪 )无细胞真皮支架与自体微粒皮复合移植能修复全层皮肤缺损 ,改善创面愈合质量。     

交联型猪脱细胞真皮基质与自体微粒皮复合移植的临床应用

目的:观察交联型异种(猪)脱细胞真皮基质与自体微粒皮复合移植修复大面积深度烧伤早期切痂创面的疗效。方法:选择2001-09/2006-10在珠海市人民医院暨南大学医学院第三附属医院整形烧伤科就诊的中面积和大面积深度烧伤患者16例共48个观测创面,患者均知情同意。患者于伤后3～5d休克期平稳渡过后行肢体创面切痂术,自体微粒皮移植组观测24个创面,均位于复合皮移植组创面的邻近或对侧肢体相同部位。①复合皮移植组:切痂创面用交联型异种(猪)脱细胞真皮基质(由江苏启东医疗用品研究所提供) 自体微粒皮复合移植 异体皮覆盖。②自体微粒皮移植组:切痂创面用自体微粒皮移植 异体皮覆盖。术后6周异体皮脱落,两组散在肉芽创面行小邮票状皮片补充移植修复创面。术后定期观察创面愈合情况,计算创面愈合率及收缩率,并行创面组织学检测。结果:两组48个创面均进入结果分析,无脱落。①两组异体皮成活情况相近。②术后6周,复合皮移植组患者的创面愈合率均显著低于自体微粒皮移植组(P<0.05);经补充植皮后即术后8周两组创面愈合率差异无显著性意义(P>0.05)。③移植术后6,8,12周,复合皮移植组患者的移植创面收缩率均显著低于自体微粒皮移植组[(10.28±2.36)%,(16.25±3.78)%;(15.68±1.79)%,(30.42±3.65)%;(22.07±1.39)%,(42.83±2.74)%(P<0.05)]。④术后8周组织学观察结果显示,复合皮移植组创面愈合处上皮化良好,胶原纤维排列有序,基底膜结构完整;自体微粒皮移植组上皮层仍较薄,细胞分化不良,真皮内胶原排列较紊乱。结论:交联型异种(猪)脱细胞真皮基质与自体微粒皮复合移植修复大面积深度烧伤早期切痂创面,能够抑制瘢痕增生,改善创面愈合质量,疗效满意。     

异种(猪)脱细胞真皮与自体微粒皮复合移植的临床观察

自体微粒皮移植术的应用 ,为大面积深度烧伤提供了一种解决自体皮源紧张的有效方法 ,大大提高了大面积深度烧伤的治愈率[1] ,但微粒皮移植愈合后的皮肤 ,因缺乏足够厚度的真皮组织 ,存在不耐磨、关节活动部位易挛缩或形成慢性溃疡 ,影响功能等问题[2 ] 。 1999年 6月以来 ,我们采用异种 (猪 )脱细胞真皮与自体微粒皮复合移植 5例 ,初步观察疗效满意 ,总结如下。1　材料与方法1 1　临床资料　 5例均为男性 ,年龄 195 0岁。烧伤面积 5 0 % 95 % ,Ⅲ度 3 0 % 70 %。异种脱细胞真皮与自体微粒皮复合移植5例 9个部位 ,其中踝关节 4个 ,窝 3个 …     

组织工程化真皮在四肢关节部位瘢痕整形术中的应用

目的:探讨应用脱细胞异体真皮与自体表皮复合移植,修复四肢关节挛缩瘢痕切除后的创面的临床效果。方法:肘关节、腕关节、膝关节和距小腿(踝)关节挛缩瘢痕切除松解后,以脱细胞异体真皮与自体表皮构成复合皮,I期移植修复创面,创面最小7cm×11cm,最大12cm×19cm,其中肘关节部位例,距小腿(踝)6关节部位例,膝关节部位例,腕关节部位例。观察移植复合皮的753成活率及愈合皮片色泽、质地和关节功能改善情况。结果:临床应用21例,术后移植复合皮成活率93.7%,随访3个月～2年,移植皮片颜色与周围正常皮肤颜色接近,皮片柔软,瘢痕增生不明显,关节功能较术前显著改善。结论:组织工程化脱细胞异体真皮和自体表皮复合移植修复关节部位的切瘢后创面不失为一种较理想的材料,尤其对自体皮源有限的患者。     

组织工程化真皮在四肢关节部位瘢痕整形术中的应用

目的：探讨应用脱细胞异体真皮与自体表皮复合移植，修复四肢关节挛缩瘢痕切除后的创面的临床效果。方法：肘关节、腕关节、膝关节和距小腿(踝)关节挛缩瘢痕切除松解后。以脱细胞异体真皮与自体表皮构成复合皮，Ⅰ期移植修复创面，创面最小7cm&;#215;11cm，最大12cm&;#215;19cm，其中肘关节部位6例，距小腿(踝)关节部位7例，膝关节部位5例，腕关节部位3例。观察移植复合皮的成活率及愈合皮片色泽、质地和关节功能改善情况。结果：临床应用21例，术后移植复合皮成活率93．7％，随访3个月～2年，移植皮片颜色与周围正常皮肤颜色接近，皮片柔软，瘢痕增生不明显，关节功能较术前显著改善。结论：组织工程化脱细胞异体真皮和自体表皮复合移植修复关节部位的切瘢后创面不失为一种较理想的材料，尤其对自体皮源有限的患者。     

选择性去细胞异种(猪)皮与自体微粒皮复合移植对创面愈合的影响

目的:观察选择性去细胞异种(猪)皮与自体微粒皮复合移植对创面愈合的影响。方法:将异种(猪)皮经甲醛、胰蛋白酶、去污剂TritonX-100处理得到一种选择性去细胞异种(猪)皮。以SD大鼠为动物模型,在背部作全层皮肤缺损,使用微粒皮与选择性去细胞异种(猪)皮、异体皮、戊二醛皮及油纱覆盖皮肤缺损,观察创面愈合情况。结果:经组织学,免疫组化染色及电镜观察,选择性去细胞异种(猪)皮表皮层连续、完整,真皮中三大纤维排列有序且无细胞成分,基底膜结构完整。以选择性去细胞异种(猪)皮为覆盖物的创面愈合效果略差于异体皮覆盖创面的效果,但明显优于戊二醛皮及油纱覆盖创面的效果。结论:选择性去细胞异种(猪)皮易于制备,来源广泛,价格低廉,具有无细胞真皮支架和失活表皮,有望取代异体皮成为覆盖烧伤创面的新型敷料。     

选择性去细胞异种（猪）皮与自体微粒皮复合移植对创面愈合的影响

目的：观察选择性去细胞异种(猪)皮与自体微粒皮复合移植对创面愈合的影响。方法：将异种(猪)皮经甲醛、胰蛋白酶、去污剂TritonX-100处理得到一种选择性去细胞异种(猪)皮，以SD大鼠为动物模型，在背部作全层皮呋缺损，使用微粒皮与选择性去细胞异种(猪)皮、异体皮、戊二醛皮及油纱覆盖皮肤缺损，观察创面愈合情况。结果：经组织学，免疫组化染色及电镜观察，选择性去细胞异种(猪)皮表皮层连续、完整，真皮中三大纤维排列有序且无细胞成分，基底膜结构完整。以选择性去细胞异种(猪)皮为覆盖物的创面愈合效果略差于异体皮覆盖创面的效果，但明显优于戊二醛皮及油纱覆盖刨面的效果。结论：选择性去细胞异种(猪)皮易于制备，来源广泛，价格低廉，具有无细胞真皮支架和失活表皮，有望取代异体皮成为覆盖烧伤刨面的新型敷料。     

全层皮肤缺损创面移植异种脱细胞真皮基质与薄自体皮重塑基底膜的实验观察

背景异种脱细胞真皮基质与薄自体皮复合移植修复全层皮肤缺损创面取得了良好的效果,但对移植后基底膜的重塑尚不十分清楚.目的观察异种(猪)脱细胞真皮基质与薄自体皮复合移植模型中基底膜重塑的变化规律.设计随机对照实验研究.地点和材料动物实验在上海市烧伤研究所完成,指标检测在上海第二医科大学细胞生物学教研室完成.清洁级雄性SD大鼠(由中国医学科学院上海实验动物中心提供),体质量200～250 g.干预将SD大鼠随机分为两组,每组42只.所有动物均饲养在层流房间内,恒定的湿度与温度,单笼饲养.A组单纯移植薄自体皮组;B组脱细胞猪真皮基质(江苏启东医疗用品研究所提供)+薄自体皮复合移植.将异种(猪)脱细胞真皮基质与薄自体皮复合移植于大鼠创面,分别于移植后1,2,3,4,8,12,16周留取标本,采用免疫组化、透射电镜等方法.主要观察指标观察基底膜中层粘连蛋白的变化规律及12周时基底膜的超微结构,同时以单纯薄自体皮移植进行对照.结果B组移植后1,2,3,4,8,12,16周,层粘连蛋白的表达分别为88.32±2.72,89.22±2.16,88.84±3.43,93.49 ±4.59,87.57±3.33,95.87±1.84,86.57±2.45,A组分别为78.96±1.68,85.37±5.41,82.49±3.73,84.27±2.69,72.88±3.57,88.19±3.36,82.82±2.86,12周时复合皮移植组基底膜结构清晰连续,而单纯移植薄自体皮组基底膜模糊、不连续.结论异种脱细胞真皮基质与薄自体皮复合移植后,基底膜中层粘连蛋白表达增高,可能有利于复合皮移植后基底膜的重塑,增强表皮和真皮之间的连接,进而改善创面愈合质量.     

异体异种脱细胞真皮与自体刃厚皮复合移植的比较

背景:尽管真皮基质的生物模板作用可减少瘢痕形成,改善创面愈合质量已得到共识,但不同种属脱细胞真皮基质作为真皮添充物的成活机制和重建过程等生物学性能是否有差异仍需进一步探讨.目的:对比分析异体及异种脱细胞真皮基质与自体刃厚皮复合移植的近期效果.设计、时间及地点:随机分组,自身对照观察实验,于2008-01/06在海南省人民医院医学动物实验中心完成.材料:J-1型人脱细胞异体真皮基质由北京桀亚莱福生物技术有限公司提供.小型香猪1只以低含量胰蛋白酶消化加反复冻融法制备制备猪脱细胞真皮基质.方法:选取近交系小型香猪15只,在每头猪脊背两侧制作6 cm×6 cm全层皮肤缺损创面各3处,共6处,按移植物的不同将创面随机分为3组:猪脱细胞真皮基质与猪刃厚自体皮复合移植组与人脱细胞真皮基质与猪刃厚皮复合移植组在脱细胞真皮基质植入后,在其表面重叠覆盖自体刃厚皮,对照组单纯行猪薄皮片移植.主要观察指标:移植后9 d、21 d及3个月各组移植物成活情况、创面收缩率和组织学变化.结果:移植后第9,21天各组移植皮片大部分均成活良好,局部无红肿,3个月时两复合移植组皮肤外观相似,均光滑、柔软、丰满、有弹性,与周围正常组织结合部平坦,对照组创面收缩凹陷明显,皮片薄弱,韧性也较复合移植组差,3组移植物成活率差异无显著性意义(P>0.05),自体刃厚皮移植创面收缩率高于其他两组(P<0.05).移植后8 d,2个复合移植组脱细胞真皮基质引导形成丰富的毛细血管结构,复合皮表皮层形成且分化良好;移植后21 d,已有完整的皮肤结构,真皮层内可见胶原纤维排列规整,表皮-真皮连接区"钉突"结构明显,移植后3个月结构更加接近正常真皮,对照组组织致密,胶原排列紊乱,与瘢痕组织结构相似.结论:与自体皮复合移植时,异体及异种脱细胞真皮基质具有相近的生物学性能,且效果优于单纯刃厚自体皮移植.     

组织工程同种异体脱细胞真皮复合自体刃厚皮微粒皮移植

为观察组织工程同种异体脱细胞真皮复合自体刃厚皮、微粒皮移植的临床应用效果,选择2005-04/2008-06海南省农垦三亚医院烧伤整形科严重烧伤和瘢痕患者8例12个创面,采用脱细胞真皮复合自体刃厚皮片、脱细胞真皮复合自体微粒皮移植修复创面.12创面中,10个创面复合皮完全成活,1个创面出现散在点状坏死,经换药8 d愈合.1例植皮部分成活,经补充游离植皮后创面愈合.随访6～12个月,复合移植皮肤质地柔软,弹性良好,无瘢痕增生,类似全厚皮片.提示采用脱细胞真皮复合自体刃厚皮、微粒皮移植修复严重烧伤创面,疗效满意,没有排斥反应,是理想的治疗方法.     

Determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum using immunological inhibition of creatine kinase M subunit activity. Activity kinetics and diagnostic significance in myocardial infarction.

This is a new method for the determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum. The method uses direct activity measurement of creatine kinase B subunit activity after blocking of CK-M subunit activity by inhibiting antibodies. The test takes no longer than 15 min. The method yields an intra-serial C.V. of 2.0-12.9%, and a C.V. from day to day of 5.5%. The detection limit is 3.4 U/l creatine kinase MB. In the 95 cases with proven myocardial infarction several types of creatine kinase MB activity kinetics could be determined. The percentage of creatine kinase MB of peak CK-total is 6-25%, with a mean of 11.1%. The amount of creatine kinase MB with respect to total CK activity after reinfarction is higher than the amount after initial infarction.     

Dissociable correlates of two classes of retrieval processing in prefrontal cortex

Although substantial evidence suggests that the prefrontal cortex (PFC) implements processes that are critical for accurate episodic memory judgments, the specific roles of different PFC subregions remain unclear. Here, we used event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging to distinguish between prefrontal activity related to operations that (1) influence processing of retrieval cues based on current task demands, or (2) are involved in monitoring the outputs of retrieval. Fourteen participants studied auditory words spoken by a male or female speaker and completed memory tests in which the stimuli were unstudied foil words and studied words spoken by either the same speaker at study, or the alternate speaker. On "general" test trials, participants were to determine whether each word was studied, regardless of the voice of the speaker, whereas on "specific" test trials, participants were to additionally distinguish between studied words that were spoken in the same voice or a different voice at study. Thus, on specific test trials, participants were explicitly required to attend to voice information in order to evaluate each test item. Anterior (right BA 10), dorsolateral prefrontal (right BA 46), and inferior frontal (bilateral BA 47/12) regions were more active during specific than during general trials. Activation in anterior and dorsolateral PFC was enhanced during specific test trials even in response to unstudied items, suggesting that activation in these regions was related to the differential processing of retrieval cues in the two tasks. In contrast, differences between specific and general test trials in inferior frontal regions (bilateral BA 47/12) were seen only for studied items, suggesting a role for these regions in post-retrieval monitoring processes. Results from this study are consistent with the idea that different PFC subregions implement distinct, but complementary processes that collectively support accurate episodic memory judgments.     

俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征患者氧合的影响

目的 探讨俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张术(RM)治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)患者的治疗作用.方法 从海拔2260m的地区医院筛选RM治疗无效的41例ARDS患者[平均氧合指数( PaO2/FiO2)较RM前升高＜20％视为RM无效],依不同病因分为肺内源性ARDS组(ARDSp组)和肺外源性ARDS组(ARDSexp组),每组再按信封法随机分为俯卧位组和仰卧位组,即ARDSp俯卧位组(11例)、ARDSp仰卧位组(9例)、ARDSexp俯卧位组(10例)、ARDSexp仰卧位组(11例).在通气前及通气1、2、3、4h监测动脉血氧分压( PaO2)、PaO2/FiO2、静态顺应性(Cst)、气道阻力(Raw)的变化.结果 通气lh时,ARDSexp俯卧位组PaO2/FiO2( mm Hg,l mm Hg=0.133 kPa)即较通气前显著升高(157.4±40.6比129.3±48.7,P＜0.05),并随通气时间延长呈持续增高趋势,4h达峰值(219.1 ±41.1);且ARDSexp俯卧位组通气3h内PaO2/FiO2较其他3组显著增高,另3组间则差异无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组、ARDSexp俯卧位组通气4h时PaO2/FiO2均较相应仰卧位组显著增高(208.8±39.7比127.4±47.1,219.1±41.1比124.9±50.8,均P＜0.05).4组通气前后Cst无显著改变,各组间差异也无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组通气4h时Raw(cmH2O·L-1·s-1)较通气前显著降低(6.8±1.7比10.7±1.8,P＜0.05),且明显低于其他3组;其他3组各时间点Raw组内及组间比较差异均无统计学意义.结论 俯卧位通气作为ARDS机械通气重要策略之一,可以改善RM无效高原ARDS患者的氧合,为抢救患者赢得宝贵的时间.     

Digital imaging among medical facilities

The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) in the USA operates a network of 172 medical centres which all utilize a hospital information system (HIS) which has been developed and is currently maintained by the VA. During the past several years, an image management and communication module has been developed, installed and clinically utilized at the Washington DC and Maryland VA Medical Centres. This image management and communication system, referred to as the decentralized hospital computer program (DHCP) imaging system, is fully integrated with a commercial picture archiving and communication system (PACS). The system is utilized to capture, archive, and display all images generated within the hospital including radiology, nuclear medicine, pathology, endoscopy, bronchoscopy, and dermatology, intraoperative photographs, ECG data, and a limited number of paper documents. The ultimate goal of the project is to have all patient text and image data available at any clinical workstation to any authorized user anywhere within the network of medical centres. Clinical requirements for an imaging workstation include ease of use, rapid and reliable access to the complete set of patient information, and images which are of acceptable quality to meet the requirements of the user and the subspecialty. Patient confidentiality and data security must be safeguarded at all times. Integration of the images with the remainder of the patient's database was found to be critical to the success of the project. The experience at the Washington and Maryland facilities suggests that an imaging system that is successfully integrated with a hospital information system can provide substantial clinical and economic benefits both within and among medical centres. Clinical acceptance and utilization of the system has been excellent, particularly in diagnostic radiology where DHCP Imaging has been interfaced to a commercial PAC system. Based upon this initial experience, the VA has begun to deploy the system throughout its large network of medical centres.     

Myocardial elastography at both high temporal and spatial resolution for the detection of infarcts

Myocardial elastography is a novel method for noninvasively assessing regional myocardial function, with the advantages of high spatial and temporal resolution and high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In this paper, in-vivo experiments were performed in anesthetized normal and infarcted mice (one day after left anterior descending coronary artery [LAD] ligation) using a high-resolution (30 MHz) ultrasound system (Vevo 770, VisualSonics Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada). Radiofrequency (RF) signals of the left ventricle (LV) in longitudinal (long-axis) view and the associated electrocardiogram (ECG) were simultaneously acquired. Using a retrospective ECG gating technique, 2-D full field-of-view RF frames were acquired at an extremely high frame rate (8 kHz) that resulted in high-quality incremental displacement and strain estimation of the myocardium. The incremental results were further accumulated to obtain the cumulative displacements and strains. Two-dimensional and M-mode displacement images and strain images (elastograms), as well as displacement and strain profiles as a function of time, were compared between normal and infarcted mice. Incremental results clearly depicted cardiac events including LV contraction, LV relaxation and isovolumetric phases in both normal and infarcted mice, and also evidently indicated reduced motion and deformation in the infarcted myocardium. The elastograms indicated that the infarcted regions underwent thinning during systole rather than thickening, as in the normal case. The cumulative elastograms were found to have higher elastographic SNR (SNR(e)) than the incremental elastograms (e.g., 10.6 vs. 4.7 in a normal myocardium, and 6.0 vs. 2.4 in an infarcted myocardium). Finally, preliminary statistical results from nine normal (m = 9) and seven infarcted (n = 7) mice indicated the capability of the cumulative strain in differentiating infracted from normal myocardia. In conclusion, myocardial elastography could provide regional strain information at simultaneously high temporal (>/=0.125 ms) and spatial ( approximately 55 microm) resolution as well as high precision ( approximately 0.05 microm displacement). This technique was thus capable of accurately characterizing normal myocardial function throughout an entire cardiac cycle, at the same high resolution, and detecting and localizing myocardial infarction in vivo.     

Clinical Pharmacokinetics of Morphine

Morphine, the most widely used mu-opioid analgesic for acute and chronic pain, is the standard against which new analgesics are measured. A thorough understanding of the pharmacokinetics of morphine is required in order to safely and effectively use this analgesic in a wide variety of patients with different levels of organ function. A MEDLINE search was conducted to identify literature published between 1966 and January 2002 relevant to the pharmacokinetics of morphine. These publications were reviewed and the literature summarized regarding unique and clinically important elements of morphine disposition relative to its parenteral administration (including intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous, epidural and intrathecal administration), absorption profile (immediate release, controlled release, and sublingual/buccal, and rectal administration), distribution, and its metabolism/ excretion. Special populations, including infants, elderly, and those with renal/liver failure, have a unique morphine pharmacokinetic profile that must be taken into account in order to maximize analgesic efficacy and reduce the risk of adverse events.