小组式反思讨论法在外科护理学教学中的应用

目的探讨小组式反思讨论教学法在外科护理教学中的应用与效果。方法将2009级护理学本科学生308名分为试验组(152名)与对照组(156名)。试验组采用小组式反思讨论法教学,对照组采用传统式教学法。结果试验组学生的课程考核总评成绩和评判性思维能力得分好于对照组(P<0.01);试验组绝大部分学生认为该教学方法可促进知识的理解和记忆(92.76%),有助于培养评判性思维能力(89.47%)。结论小组式反思讨论法能促进学生对知识的理解记忆,培养其评判性思维能力和外科护理技能。     

反思讨论法应用于护理程序教学实践的探讨

为探讨《护理学导论》中护理程序教学法，以反思讨论法为主，对2005级护理本科生进行护理程序临床见习，见习后书写见习日记，组织讨论，并进行教学观察和自我评价。结果：大多数学生认为应用反思讨论法进行护理程序临床见习，有助于培养评判性思维能力及其他多方面能力。但同时也应注意，仅以一次反思性见习是不能达到长期效果的。     

反思讨论法应用于护理程序教学实践的探讨

为探讨《护理学导论》中护理程序教学法,以反思讨论法为主,对2005级护理本科生进行护理程序临床见习,见习后书写见习日记,组织讨论,并进行教学观察和自我评价。结果:大多数学生认为应用反思讨论法进行护理程序临床见习,有助于培养评判性思维能力及其他多方面能力。但同时也应注意,仅以一次反思性见习是不能达到长期效果的。     

小组教学干预模式在《护理教育学》教学中的应用效果分析

[目的]探讨小组教学干预模式在《护理教育学》教学中的应用效果。[方法]采用类实验研究的方法,将哈尔滨医科大学2005级、2006级护理本科生分别作为对照组和实验组,在《护理教育学》授课中分别实施课堂教学和小组教学干预模式教学,通过比较两组学生的期末成绩、评判性思维能力和自主学习能力评价效果。[结果]实验组学生的自主学习能力总分及评判性思维能力总分明显高于对照组（P〈0.05）,期末理论成绩两组基本一致（P〉0.05）。[结论]小组教学干预模式应用于《护理教育学》教学中,能明显提高学生的自主学习能力和评判性思维能力。     

反思日记法在评判性思维教学中的运用探讨

反思日记法是实施护理评判性思维教学的方法之一。本文通过文献回顾国内外相关反思日记法定义、教学及评价方法、目前在使用中产生的问题等，探讨适合我国护理教育现状的反思日记法，为反思日记法运用于护理临床教学的实践研究奠定理论基础。     

换位教学在《护理健康教育学》教学中的应用

目的探讨换位教学法在提高《护理健康教育学》教学效果中的价值。方法对120名护生进行分组教学,其中试验组60例采用换位教学法,对照组60例采用单纯教师讲授。两组护生参加本研究学习成绩总体分布具有相似性,确保其研究条件具有可比性。课后对两组护生进行理论考核和问卷调查。结果试验组的成绩优秀 良好(90%)明显优于对照组(67%),P<0.05。问卷调查显示试验组对换位教学法的支持肯定评价态度(97%～100%)明显优于对照组(33%～47%),有显著性差异,P<0.05。结论换位教学法是一种良好的、互动的教学方法,有利于营造和谐、活跃的教学氛围,增强学生自信心和解决问题的能力,提高教学质量。     

反思日记法在评判性思维教学中的运用探讨

反思日记法是实施护理评判性思维教学的方法之一.本文通过文献回顾国内外相关反思日记法定义、教学及评价方法、目前在使用中产生的问题等,探讨适合我国护理教育现状的反思日记法,为反思日记法运用于护理临床教学的实践研究奠定理论基础.     

情景式教学结合反思评价在新入职护士临床思维能力培训中的应用

目的 探讨情景式教学结合反思评价在新入职护士临床思维能力培训中的应用效果,为完善新入职培训方案提供依据.方法 选取2017年8月51名新入职护士作为研究对象,采用模拟临床情景式教学结合反思评价教学方法,培训1年后比较培训前后新入职护士评判性思维能力测评结果及临床实践能力考核成绩.结果 采用情景式教学结合反思评价教学模式,新入职护士评判性思维自信心与寻找真相特质培训后均高于培训前(P<0.05),临床实践能力考核成绩培训后高于培训前(P<0.05).结论 采用情景式教学结合反思评价对于新入职护士临床思维能力的培养效果显著,能帮助新入职护士尽快胜任临床三班一线护理工作.     

评判性思维在健康评估中的应用

健康评估是护理过程的第一步 ,并贯穿于整个护理过程 ,在健康评估中运用评判性思维 ,能对评估对象作出完整、全面和正确的评估 ,为护理决策提供可靠的依据 ,提高护理质量     

参与式教学法在护生《健康教育学》中的应用

“参与式教学法”是近20年来发展起来的一种新型的教学方法,是一种合作式的教学法。该方法以合作学习理论和建构主义理论为依据,以学习者为中心,充分应用灵活多样、直观形象的教学手段,鼓励学习者积极参与教学过程,加强教学者与学习者之间以及学习者与学习者之间的信息交流和反馈,使学习者能深刻地领会和掌握所学知识,并能将这种知识运用到实践中去,激发学生的学习积极性,提高学生独立观察、思考问题、解决问题的能力,     

Barriers to learning from reflection: a study of the use of groupwork with post-registration nurses

There are few studies which describe the use of groups to facilitate reflection and even fewer which evaluate the effectiveness of such groups. Much of the literature discussing the techniques used to facilitate reflection suggests that learners willingly engage in such processes and find them enjoyable. This paper reports on a qualitative study of the use of groups to develop learning through reflection on a part-time post-registration diploma programme for nurses. The findings suggest that there are many barriers to learning which must be overcome before practitioners can use the opportunities to reflect on and learn from their experience. It is also contended that such learning may not necessarily be an enjoyable experience. The findings suggest that previous educational experience and the current culture in which nurses and midwives work, impose tremendous barriers to reflecting on, and learning from, experience. In particular these affect the willingness of learners to expose themselves to the judgement of others and their ability to be open to taking responsibility for their own learning. Other barriers to learning in groups are the effects of other group members, their commitment or resistance to shared learning, the ways in which group members interact with each other and facilitation styles.     

Unravelling the unknowns of reflection in classroom teaching

BACKGROUND: The use of reflection in education has emerged as an effective means of connecting theory with practice. However, the literature reveals limited empirical work on the conceptualization of reflection. AIM OF THE STUDY: The purpose of this qualitative research study was to understand more fully the meaning and use of reflection in teaching, and how reflection contributes to the development of teaching expertise in the classroom. Ethical approval. The study received ethical approval from the Faculty of Nursing Ethical Review Committee, University of Manitoba. Issues related to confidentiality of information, and power relationships between the investigators were addressed. Students were reassured that no data were collected about them during participant observations in the classrooms. METHODS: The investigators were the sources of data. Data were collected using five different methods over the course of two academic years, including written autobiographies, critical incident journals, classroom observations, debriefing following classroom observations and research team meetings. FINDINGS: The data were analysed using content analysis, and four themes were identified (i) making connections, (ii) developmental aspects, (iii) influence of context on reflection, and (iv) influence of emotions on reflection. Study limitations. The interpretation of the findings of this study should be used with caution given the qualitative design and small number of participants. CONCLUSION: Participation in the study increased the awareness of the investigators' personal use of reflection. The process of studying our own use of reflection allowed us to step outside the performance treadmill to better understand, accept and reshape what we do over and over in the classroom. This study supports an examination of one's experiences as a means of understanding reflection and its use in the classroom.     

无领导小组讨论法在护士长管理培训中的应用探讨

目的探讨无领导小组讨论法在护士长管理培训中的应用效果。方法将28名护士长分为7个小组,设计28道护理管理热点问题并进行讨论,每名小组成员依次进行主题发言、自由讨论和总结发言。结果无领导小组讨论法开展后,护士长组织协调能力、创新思维能力、团队合作能力、优质护理服务能力、患者安全管理能力和沟通表达能力均提高(P﹤0.01);85.00%以上的护士长认为,无领导小组讨论法培训能有效提护理管理能力和综合素质,并能培养评判性思维,培训内容实用,能够指导临床护理管理工作。结论无领导小组讨论法让不同科室、不同年资的护士长在一起讨论和交流,提供了具有挑战性的交互式培训平台,有利于提高护士长护理管理能力。     

小组合作教学法在妇产科护理实践教学中的应用

目的探讨小组合作教学法在妇产科护理实践教学中的应用效果。方法选取113名护理本科学生,在外阴清洁与消毒、阴道冲洗实践教学中分别采用传统教学法和小组合作教学法,比较两种教学法学生技能操作考核成绩的差异,并调查学生对小组合作教学法的评价情况。结果采用小组合作教学法的学生考核成绩优于采用传统教学法的学生,两者比较,P<0.001,差异具有统计学意义。89.4%以上学生赞成小组合作教学法。结论小组合作式学习能提高护理技能练习的效果,培养了学生团结合作精神,可在护理学主干课程的实践教学中推广应用。     

Problem-based learning in a new Canadian curriculum

Problem-based learning (PBL) is a method of group learning that uses true-to-life problems as a stimulus for students to learn problem-solving skills and acquire knowledge about the basic and clinical sciences. This article documents the design and implementation of PBL in a second year course in the new curriculum of the University of Ottawa School of Nursing's Generic Program. The learning and teaching experiences of students and facilitators in this PBL course are described. As a way to determine students' perception of their learning using PBL, they were asked to respond to four questions. The most frequently described thinking processes were problem solving, nursing process and group process. When asked to describe the learning they derived from PBL, as differentiated from other instructional methods, students identified group process and problem solving most often. The most frequently identified factors that influenced performance and learning in PBL were positive attitude and group effort. The factors that affected the facilitators' performance of their role were large group size, insufficient practice of facilitator skills and PBL preparation. To enhance group process, facilitators modelled and shared roles. They fostered student motivation and development through formative evaluation. PBL produced clear benefits for students, such as increased autonomous learning, critical thinking, problem solving and communication. For facilitators, PBL was a liberation from the traditional role of 'content expert and super consultant'.     

本科护理教育中《健康促进》课程改革的实践与体会

为提高教学质量,在《健康促进》课程的改革过程中,将理论教学、综合案例分析、社会实践等方面有机地结合在一起,为提高学生评判性思维能力及加深对课程的理解,创造良好氛围,使学生能全面掌握该课程的学习方法,提高了学生的综合能力。     

Promoting reflection in mental health nursing practice: a case illustration using problem-based learning

Reflective practice in nursing has been shown to improve both client care and nurses role satisfaction. Students require regular and guided opportunities to learn the necessary reflective skills that underpin best practice. Problem-based learning (PBL) processes based on comprehensive learning packages developed from actual clinical cases provide a contextualized and realistic means for students to develop and hone their reflective skills for use as mental health practitioners. This paper uses a case illustration to demonstrate the usefulness of PBL as a mechanism for developing reflective practice in the mental health context. Students analysed five cases drawn from actual documented clinical materials that included nursing, medical and allied health professionals' assessments, treatment regimes, and progress notes. One student's written analysis of the five cases and an interview with the student is presented as a case illustration. The case illustrates the student's reflections on the theme of 'hope' for the clients and identified three obstacles. These were: (i) a lack of acknowledgement by health professionals of traumatic life events; (ii) overlooking less tangible losses; and (iii) a central focus on drug treatment. Reflective learning strategies can be incorporated in on- and off-campus learning environments and used to assist the learner to practise critical reflective skills in a controlled and safe manner. Reflective processes are more meaningful if the PBL package that students encounter represents real clinical scenarios with comprehensive resource materials.     

“以问题为中心”联合“以病例为引导”教学法在护生健康教育中的应用效果

目的探讨"以问题为中心"联合"以病例为引导"教学法指导下的动态健康教育在提升护生临床工作实践能力中的效果。方法选择实习护生80名,随机分成观察组和对照组,观察组采用"以问题为中心"联合"以病例为引导"教学法指导护生开展动态健康教育,对照组采用"以授课为基础"的跟班带教健康教育。科室实习结束后,比较两组护生工作能力情况。结果除基础护理落实、护理过程中洗手依从性、"三查八对"执行力3方面外(P0.05),观察组护生在其他11个方面均优于对照组(P0.01或P0.05)。结论临床实施"以问题为中心"联合"以病例为引导"教学法指导下的护生能主动开展动态健康教育,有助于护生临床工作能力的提高。