膝关节骨关节炎内侧半月板突出的临床意义

目的 探讨膝关节骨关节炎患者内侧半月板突出的病因及影响.方法 选取2011年1月至2012年3月诊断为膝关节退行性骨关节炎并经MRI确认有内侧半月板突出的60例患者为半月板突出组,无突出的60例为对照组.在MRI上测量内侧半月板突出距离、胫股角,分析突出组胫股角与突出距离的相关性,比较两组膝内翻、内侧半月板及胫股关节软骨损伤的发生率,分析内侧半月板突出对半月板损伤、膝内翻对半月板突出的影响.结果 突出组:半月板突出距离平均(8.30±1.79) mm;60例有膝内翻,胫股角平均179.0°±2.2°;内侧半月板损伤发生率:前角50.0％ (30/60),体部93.3％ (56/60),后角93.3％ (56/60);内侧半月板后角根部撕裂14例,发生率23.3％(14/60);胫股内侧关节软骨退变发生率:胫骨内侧平台100％(60/60),股骨内髁100％(60/60);胫股角与内侧半月板突出距离呈负相关.对照组:内侧半月板超出胫骨内侧平台边缘的距离平均(0.57±0.80) mm;4例膝内翻;内侧半月板损伤发生率:前角0,体部16.7％(10/60),后角70.0％ (42/60);无内侧半月板后角根部撕裂;胫股内侧关节软骨退变发生率:胫骨内侧平台26.7％(16/60),股骨内髁30.0％ (18/60).半月板突出组与对照组半月板损伤比值比为6.0、膝内翻例数比值比为15.0.半月板突出组内侧半月板各部位及胫股内侧关节软骨损伤的发生率和严重程度高于对照组.结论 膝内翻可能是内侧半月板突出的原因之一,内侧半月板突出显著增加半月板损伤的发生率,其对膝胫股内侧关节骨关节炎的发生、发展有重要影响.     

骨关节炎患者关节间隙狭窄半月板周缘性滑脱的临床研究

目的探讨骨关节炎（OA）及类风湿关节炎（RA）患者的膝半月板位置与OA的内外翻程度相关性及在术中的动态观察。方法收集入院行膝关节表面置换术患者的一般资料、X线、MRI及手术中的图片、大体样本进行分析。手术时平均年龄62．8岁（34～82岁）,49例患者,共87个膝关节。其中79膝为OA（内翻畸形16膝,外翻畸形15膝,屈曲畸形9膝,内翻并屈曲35膝,外翻并屈曲4膝）,4例共8膝为RA。结果87例患膝中X线检查发现关节间隙有不同程度狭窄的表现,其中15膝分别患膝内外翻及屈曲畸形或RA患者行MRI检查,结果显示患内外翻畸形患者有半月板周缘型向后滑脱,单纯屈膝挛缩畸形患者半月板无改变,但以腐蚀为主。术中活体及样本明确发现半月板周缘性向后滑脱,胫骨平台软骨面磨损,磨损的切迹与半月板周缘性滑脱后位置形成凹陷相关。结论本研究认为在半月板缺失的患者中,虽然大部分的半月板存在,但已经脱离了原来的位置,没有正常覆盖在胫骨平台关节面上,丧失了半月板覆盖正常的缓冲、稳定功能,MRI影像学图像可在手术前提醒术者,在手术中把向后滑脱移位的变性半月板切除以获得后关节囊的松解,达到软组织平衡的效果。     

胫骨高位截骨联合内侧半月板中央化治疗膝骨关节炎

目的:探讨胫骨高位截骨(high tibial osteotomy,HTO)联合内侧半月板中央化治疗膝骨关节炎(knee osteoarthritis,KOA)的临床疗效。方法:回顾分析2018年10月至2020年10月接受手术治疗的KOA患者26例,其中行胫骨高位截骨联合关节镜下半月板中央化手术14例为中央化组,男8例,女6例,年龄(50.2±1.4)岁,随访时间(16.8±4.0)个月;仅行胫骨高位截骨术12例患者为对照组,男6例,女6例,年龄(50.9±1.8)岁,随访时间(19.0±4.8)个月。记录并比较两组手术时间、术前后膝关节Lysholm评分和膝关节2000IKDC评分、MRI、股骨胫骨角(femur tibia angle,FTA)、髋膝踝角(hip knee ankle angle,HKA)等放射学影像及并发症情况。结果:术后患者切口均获Ⅰ期愈合,无并发症。中央化组手术时间长于对照组[(65.0±2.1) min vs 52.0±2.1) min,P<0.05]。中央化组内侧半月板外突减少值明显高于对照组[(2.8±1.4) mm vs (1.1±2.2) m...     

内侧开放楔形胫骨高位截骨术治疗膝关节内侧间室骨关节炎伴内翻畸形的短期疗效

目的评价内侧开放楔形胫骨高位截骨术(OWHTO)治疗膝关节内侧间室骨关节炎伴内翻畸形的短期疗效。方法回顾性分析阜阳市人民医院骨科2017年10月至2019年7月收治的32例经OWHTO治疗的膝关节内侧间室骨关节炎伴内翻畸形患者临床资料,其中男7例,女25例。采用国际膝关节文献委员会膝关节评估表(IKDC评分)及美国特种外科医院膝关节评分(HSS评分)评估患者术后患肢功能结果及恢复情况。结果手术时间为85~180 min,平均(137.66±27.53)min,术中出血量为10~200 mL,平均(68.91±50.51)mL。所有患者均顺利完成手术,术中无神经、血管损伤等严重并发症。术后患者全部获得随访,随访时间为16~37个月,平均(23.22±6.33)个月。术前、术后6个月、术后12个月及末次随访时患者HSS、IKDC评分差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论在一定的适应证范围内,OWHTO治疗膝关节内侧间室骨关节炎伴内翻畸形在短期内可取得满意疗效。     

Distal femoral varus osteotomy for osteoarthritis of the knee

BACKGROUND: Distal femoral varus osteotomy is a procedure that is performed for the treatment of lateral-compartment osteoarthritis of the knee as well as for correction of the associated valgus deformity. However, its role remains controversial and its efficacy in the treatment of associated patellofemoral arthritis has not been well studied. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the outcome after distal femoral osteotomy performed for the treatment of painful genu valgum and to assess the influence of patellofemoral arthritis on the results. METHODS: Thirty patients (thirty knees) were managed with distal femoral varus osteotomy for the treatment of noninflammatory lateral-compartment arthritis of the knee associated with a valgus deformity. Twelve knees had isolated lateral-compartment arthritis, ten had mild-to-moderate degenerative changes in the other two compartments, and eight knees had severe patellofemoral arthritis in addition to lateral-compartment disease. The osteotomy site was fixed with a 90 degrees blade-plate. After a mean duration of follow-up of ninety-nine months, all patients were evaluated with use of the Hospital for Special Surgery knee-rating system and a physical examination. RESULTS: At the time of the most recent follow-up, twenty-five patients (83%) had a satisfactory result and two had a fair result according to the Hospital for Special Surgery rating system. The remaining three patients had had a conversion to a total knee arthroplasty. With conversion to total knee arthroplasty as the end point, the cumulative ten-year survival rate for all patients was 87% (95% confidence interval, 69% to 100%). Improvement in patellar tracking, which persisted at the time of the latest follow-up, was observed in seven of the eight knees with associated severe patellofemoral arthritis. CONCLUSIONS: Distal femoral varus osteotomy with blade-plate fixation can be a reliable procedure for the treatment of lateral-compartment osteoarthritis of the knee associated with valgus deformity. The result of the osteotomy does not appear to be affected by the presence of severe patellofemoral arthritis.     

Useful ultrasonographic evaluation of the medial meniscus as a feature predicting the onset of radiographic knee osteoarthritis

Objective

Medial radial displacement (MRD) of the medial meniscus is a feature proving a dysfunction in the medial meniscus in osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee. MRD was measured in radiographic pre-OA knee and early osteoarthritis of the knee (early-OA) longitudinally using ultrasound (US) to investigate the characteristics involved in the onset and progression of OA.

膝关节骨性关节炎半月板退变情况分析

目的：观察半月板在膝关节骨性关节炎中的退变情况，探索半月板退变与膝关节骨性关节炎临床表现的关系。方法：对43例行关节清理术的膝关节半月板进行观察，根据半月板的退变程度，将其分为三型：粗糙型、磨损型和破裂型。比较各类型退变出现关节间隙压痛、关节交锁、Mc Murray试验（＋）、Apley试验（＋）的比率进行统计学分析。结果：43膝83个半月板中有66个出现退变，占79．5％。粗糙型34个，占51．5％；磨损型23个，占34．8％；破裂型9个，占13．6％。各型合并半月板松弛者14个，占21．2％。比较三种类型中的4个指标，差异无显著性意义（P＞0．05）。结论：膝关节骨性关节炎普遍存在半月板退变，由于缺乏典型的临床表现，在临床检查中不易发现，手术中要避免遗漏对半月板的探查和处理。     

Replication of chronic abnormal cartilage loading by medial meniscus destabilization for modeling osteoarthritis in the rabbit knee in vivo

Medial meniscus destabilization (MMD) is a surgical insult technique for modeling osteoarthritis (OA) by replicating chronic abnormal cartilage loading in animal joints in vivo. The present study aimed to characterize the immediate biomechanical effects (ex vivo) and short‐term histological consequences (in vivo) of MMD in the rabbit knee. In a compressive loading test, contact stress distribution in the medial compartment was measured in eight cadaver rabbit knees, initially with all major joint structures uninjured (Baseline), after MMD, and finally after total medial meniscectomy (TMM). Similarly, the effects on sagittal joint stability were determined in an anterior–posterior drawer test. These biomechanical (ex vivo) data indicated that both MMD and TMM caused significant (p < 0.001), distinct (>1.5‐fold) elevation of peak local contact stress in the medial compartment, while leaving whole‐joint stability nearly unchanged. Histological consequences in vivo were assessed in a short‐term (8‐week) survival series of MMD or TMM (five animals for each group), and both caused moderate cartilage degeneration in the medial compartment. The MMD insult, which is feasible through posterior arthrotomy alone, is as effective as TMM for modeling injurious‐level chronic abnormal cartilage loading in the rabbit knee medial compartment in vivo, while minimizing potential confounding effects from whole‐joint instability. © 2013 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 31:1555–1560, 2013.     

Radial tears associated with cleavage tears of the medial meniscus in athletes

Purpose: To evaluate the significance of a small radial tear in the root of the posterior horn of the medial meniscus in an otherwise normal-looking meniscus in individuals who play vigorous sports. Type of Study: Retrospective review. Methods: Arthroscopy was performed in 1,270 patients; 11 patients (0.86%) had a small radial tear in the root of the medial meniscus. Trimming of the tear revealed a large horizontal cleavage tear of the posterior horn and body of the meniscus. The average age of the affected patients was 29.6 years (range, 21 to 45 years), and all were active in sports. Magnetic resonance imaging was of dubious diagnostic value. Three patients had undergone previous arthroscopy at which time the small radial root tear had been noted but was not thought to warrant treatment. Results: All 11 patients returned to their former levels of activity after adequate surgery. Conclusions: When a radial root tear in the medial meniscus is found in an athletic patient, the edges of the tear should be trimmed, the root of the medial meniscus examined, and any additional torn cartilage resected.Arthroscopy: The Journal of Arthroscopic and Related Surgery, Vol 18, No 3 (March), 2002: pp 254–256     

Radial tie fibers influence the tensile properties of the bovine medial meniscus

Although collagen fibers are arranged predominantly in the circumferential direction in the knee meniscus, there is evidence for radially oriented fibers within human menisci. A bovine medial meniscus model was used to study the hypothesis that radial fibers alter the radial tensile properties of the meniscus. The architecture of the collagen network and tensile properties of the bovine medial meniscus were examined; attention was given to large “radial tie fibers” and their regional variation. Menisci were sectioned serially into slices 400 μm thick. Polarized light microscopy showed that the distribution of radial tie fibers varied greatly among the anterior, central, and posterior regions. These radial tie fibers were larger and more frequent in the posterior region. Radial fibers persisted over many adjacent sections with similar architecture, which led to our hypothesis that they may be arranged in continuous sheets in which the morphology varies by region. Radially oriented specimens for tensile testing were grouped according to the number of radial tie fibers (full, partial, and no fiber) and region (anterior, central, and posterior). Uniaxial tensile testing was performed on a testing machine at a strain rate of 0.00017 sec^?1 until failure. The tensile modulus, ultimate tensile stress, and ultimate tensile strain were determined. The presence of radial tie fibers in the specimen had a significant effect on the tensile modulus and ultimate tensile stress. Specimens containing full radial tie fibers were stiffest and failed at the lowest strains; in specimens from the posterior region, the tensile modulus was 392%, the ultimate tensile stress was 314%, and the ultimate tensile strain was 68% that of the specimens with no radial fibers. In no-fiber specimens, the tensile modulus in the posterior region was 225% of the modulus in the anterior region, and the ultimate tensile strain in the posterior region was 68% that of the strain in the anterior region. The abundance of radial tie fibers in the posterior region seems to contribute to the increased stiffness of this region. The preferential stiffening of the posterior region by these radial fibrous sheets may be well suited to the manner in which the bovine medial meniscus functions in load-bearing.     

Importance of the medial meniscus in the anterior cruciate ligament-deficient knee.

The incidence of meniscal tears in the chronically anterior cruciate ligament-deficient knee is increased, particularly in the medial meniscus because it performs an important function in limiting knee motion. We evaluated the role of the medial meniscus in stabilizing the anterior cruciate ligament-deficient knee and hypothesized that the resultant force in the meniscus is significantly elevated in the anterior cruciate ligament-deficient knee. To test this hypothesis, we employed a robotic/universal force-moment sensor testing system to determine the increase in the resultant force in the human medial meniscus in response to an anterior tibial load following transection of the anterior cruciate ligament. We also measured changes in the kinematics of the knee in multiple degrees of freedom following medial meniscectomy in the anterior cruciate ligament-deficient knee. In response to a 134-N anterior tibial load, the resultant force in the medial meniscus of the anterior cruciate ligament-deficient knee increased significantly compared with that in the meniscus of the intact knee; it increased by a minimum of 10.1 N (52%) at full knee extension to a maximum of 50.2 N (197%) at 60 degrees of flexion. Medial meniscectomy in the anterior cruciate ligament-deficient knee also caused a significant increase in anterior tibial translation in response to the anterior tibial load, ranging from an increase of 2.2 mm at full knee extension to 5.8 mm at 60 degrees of flexion. Conversely, coupled internal tibial rotation in response to the load decreased significantly, ranging from a decrease of 2.5 degrees at 15 degrees of knee flexion to 4.7 degrees at 60 degrees of flexion. Our data confirm the hypothesis that the resultant force in the medial meniscus is significantly greater in the anterior cruciate ligament-deficient knee than in the intact knee when the knee is subjected to anterior tibial loads. This indicates that the demand on the medial meniscus in resisting anterior tibial loads is increased in the anterior cruciate ligament-deficient knee compared with in the intact knee, suggesting a mechanism for the increased incidence of medial meniscal tears observed in chronically anterior cruciate ligament-deficient patients. The large changes in kinematics due to medial meniscectomy in the anterior cruciate ligament-deficient knee confirm the important role of the medial meniscus in controlling knee stability. These findings suggest that the reduction of resultant force in the meniscus may be a further motive for reconstructing the anterior cruciate ligament, with the goal of preserving meniscal integrity.     

Predictors of tibial head transposition in the therapy of varus knee osteoarthritis

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to find predictors for the clinical outcome in patients who underwent a high tibial osteotomy (HTO). METHOD: Between 1984 and 1996 a high tibial valgus osteotomy was performed in 155 patients with genu varum. 133 HTO patients were available for follow-up at an average postoperative time of 9.3 +/- 3.0 years. The degree of osteoarthritis was evaluated by radiological (Kellgren) and arthroscopic scoring systems (Outerbridge). Survival time of HTO was estimated using Kaplan-Meier survivorship analysis. RESULTS: The survival rate of HTO was 95 % after 5 years and 77 % after 10 years. In the medial compartment of knee joints with a preoperative Outerbridge stage III/IV or Kellgren stage III/IV the survival rate of HTO was significantly lower when compared to stages 0/I/II (p < 0.05). Age, sex, tibial malalignment and severity of osteoarthritis in the lateral compartment had no influence on survival rates. The pre-postoperative comparison of radiologically visible signs of osteoarthritis showed mainly either no (46.5 %) or only small (50.5 %) progression. We found that patients who underwent a HTO had good and very good clinical outcomes. CONCLUSION: We identified severity of preoperative radiological osteoarthritis and intraoperative chondromalacia as predictors of survival rate.     

Glycosaminoglycan metabolism of the medial meniscus, the medial collateral ligament and the hip joint capsule in experimental osteoarthritis caused by immobilization of the rabbit knee

A study was made of glycosaminoglycan metabolism in experimental osteoarthritis caused by immobilization of the rabbit knee in extension. Samples from the medial meniscus, the medial collateral ligament of the knee and the hip joint capsule were obtained and analysed after 2, 6, 10, 17, 30 and 87 days of immobilization, samples from the mobile limb serving as controls. The tissue concentrations of glycosaminoglycans were determined from measurements of hexosamine and uronic acid after prior papain proteolysis and subsequent purification. The uptake of 35S-sulphate (DPM/microgram hexosamine) was used as an indicator of the synthesis rate of sulphated glycosaminoglycans. In both early and advanced immobilization osteoarthritis, the synthesis rate and the content of glycosaminoglycans were increased in all tissues.     

膝关节单髁置换术治疗严重内侧间室骨性关节炎

[目的]探讨膝关节单髁置换术治疗严重内侧间室骨性关节炎的疗效与手术技术。[方法]回顾性分析2008年5月～2009年6月采用膝关节单髁置换术治疗18例(18膝)严重内侧间室骨性关节炎患者的资料,对患者术前、术后膝关节疼痛及关节活动度进行评估(HSS评分法),并测量术后膝关节力线与术前测量结果比较,分析术前病例的选择及手术技术。[结果]术后平均随访18个月(12～24个月),所有病例术后随访时关节内侧间室负重和静息性疼痛症状明显减轻或消失,膝关节活动度达到平均100°(0°～120°);术后力线为平均内翻2°(0°～内翻5°)。HSS评分由术前68分(60～76分)增至85分(78～90分),优良率达89%。[结论]膝关节单髁置换术治疗严重内侧间室骨性关节炎具有较好的疗效,术前病例选择和术中在C型臂机监视下手术操作至关重要。     

固定平台单髁置换术治疗膝关节内侧骨关节炎

目的：探讨采用固定平台假体膝关节单髁置换术治疗膝关节内侧单间室骨性关节炎的早期临床疗效。方法：自2015年1月至2017年12月,采用固定平台单髁置换术治疗62例膝关节内侧间室骨性关节炎患者,其中男19例,女43例;年龄47~83（65.3±8.2）岁;病程5~72（19.4±14.3）个月。观察术后并发症情况,并采用VAS评分评价疼痛缓解程度,HSS膝关节评分评价临床疗效。结果：62例患者均获得随访,时间4~40（19.9±10.2）个月。所有患者切口愈合良好,无须术后输血,住院时间2~10（3.5±1.6） d。术后未发生脱位、感染、松动或假体周围骨折等并发症,1例患者术后1个月并发胫后静脉血栓。HSS评分由术前的69.9±7.2提高至末次随访时的90.1±7.4;其中优51例,良9例,可2例;VAS评分由术前的3.8±0.9降至末次随访时的1.1±0.9。结论：固定平台单髁关节置换术治疗膝关节内侧单间室骨性关节炎术后住院时间短,并发症低,可以获得较好的早期临床疗效。