2001-2008年1657例肺癌住院病例分析

目的 了解近年来肺癌住院病例的临床特征.方法 收集宁夏医科大学附属医院2001-2008年1657例新发肺癌住院患者的临床资料,分析性别、年龄、吸烟、病理类型等方面的特征及其动态变化.结果 女性肺癌的比例有所增加,所有病例男女性别比为2.67:1.00,其中前4年为3.10:1.00,后4年则下降为2.41:1.00;鳞癌、腺癌、小细胞癌男性均明显多于女性,鳞癌最为明显,小细胞癌次之,而腺癌男女比率差异不大,为1.16:1.00;40岁以上肺癌患者占绝大多数;8年来鳞癌病例数有所下降,而腺癌病例数明显增加.男性不同病理类型肺癌吸烟者比例有所不同.结论 近年来肺癌患者占总住院患者的比例无明显变化;鳞癌住院病例数仍居首位,但有所下降,腺癌住院病例明显上升;女性肺癌患者明显上升.肺癌的早期诊断仍存在很大困难,控制吸烟仍是今后肺癌防治的重点     

肺癌1521例临床病例分析

目的:了解近3年来到川北医学院附属医院就诊的住院肺癌患者的发病特点及规律。方法:对该院2010年-2012年期间1521例肺癌住院患者的病历进行回顾性调查,分析性别,年龄,发病部位,易感因素,病理类型等方面的特征。结果:1 521例肺癌中男性1 124例,女性397例,发病年龄17⁹1岁,平均年龄60岁,左侧553例,右侧870例,未注明部位100例。有明确病理类型中,鳞癌397例,腺癌266例,小细胞癌89例,大细胞癌3例,其它49例。有吸烟史427例,慢性肺部疾病史487例等。结论:近三年来肺癌的发病趋势平稳,男性患病比例明显高于女性,女性发病有上升趋势。肺癌发病右侧多于左侧。有明确病理类型中,以鳞癌为主;不同性别患肺癌的病理类型有所不同,男性以鳞癌为主,女性以腺癌为主。高发年龄段均为5091岁,平均年龄60岁,左侧553例,右侧870例,未注明部位100例。有明确病理类型中,鳞癌397例,腺癌266例,小细胞癌89例,大细胞癌3例,其它49例。有吸烟史427例,慢性肺部疾病史487例等。结论:近三年来肺癌的发病趋势平稳,男性患病比例明显高于女性,女性发病有上升趋势。肺癌发病右侧多于左侧。有明确病理类型中,以鳞癌为主;不同性别患肺癌的病理类型有所不同,男性以鳞癌为主,女性以腺癌为主。高发年龄段均为50⁷9岁。本组调查数据中,肺癌相关危险因素(吸烟,嗜酒,慢性肺部疾病史等)在肺癌中所占比例有差异;除顺庆区外,不同地区的肺癌就诊人数相差不大。     

568例肺癌患者临床病理结果分析

目的 探讨肺癌患者临床病理资料,为临床的诊治工作提供科学理论依据,方法对经手术切除的568例肺癌患者的临床资料、病理类型和部位进行统计分析.结果 在568例中男∶女为2.17∶1(389/179),周边型肺癌:中心型肺癌为1.35∶1(326/242).发生在右肺上中下叶的分别为26.2%、7.9%和24.5%,左肺上、下叶分别为22.5%和18.9%,右肺多于左肺,上肺叶多于下肺叶:肺鳞癌为36.1%、肺腺癌为50.4%,肺小细胞癌为7.0%、其他类型肺癌占6.5%;在女性患者中腺癌占71.5%、男性患者中鳞癌为45.0%.男女病理类型构成有明显的统计学差异(P＜0.01).吸烟者326例(57.4%),不吸烟者242例(42.6%).在肺鳞癌、肺腺癌及小细胞肺癌中,吸烟者分别占71.2%、45.1%和65.0%,各组间差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).结论 在手术切除的肺癌患者中以男性、周边型为多,肺腺癌处于所有病理类型的首位,吸烟者易患肺鳞癌,以中心型肺癌为多.     

经纤维支气管镜确诊的不同病理类型肺癌的临床研究

目的 评价不同病理类型的支气管肺癌的临床特点和纤维支气管镜下不同的表现以及纤维支气管镜下所见与病理类型的关系.方法 回顾性分析苏州大学附属第四人民医院呼吸内科支气管镜室2000～2006年1658例经纤维支气管镜确诊的支气管肺癌患者的镜下所见以及不同病理类型的性别、年龄、吸烟指数、临床表现及镜下表现等分布特点.结果 经纤维支气管镜确诊的鳞癌、小细胞癌、大细胞癌男性均明显多于女性,而腺癌男女性别比例差异不大;鳞癌、小细胞癌好发于上叶,而腺癌好发于下叶;病理以鳞癌所占比例最高(53.2%),腺癌次之(26.4%),小细胞癌较少(8.4%).鳞癌、小细胞癌均以增殖型为主,腺癌以浸润型为多.结论 :不同病理类型的支气管肺癌的临床特点、镜下所见均有所不同.     

1485例原发性肺癌病例分析

目的:探讨近10年原发性肺癌病例的临床病理特征变化及意义。方法:对2001年1月至2010年12月1 485例原发性肺癌病例的临床及病理资料进行收集,分析性别、年龄、发病部位、病理类型等方面的特征及其动态变化。结果:1 485例肺癌中男性1 119例,女性366例。发病年龄为24～90岁,平均年龄59岁。左肺664例,右肺821例。鳞癌705例,腺癌511例,小细胞癌83例,低分化癌116例,腺鳞癌13例,肉瘤样癌13例,其它类型44例。结论:男性患肺癌比例明显高于女性,10年来患肺癌中女性发病比例明显升高(P<0.05)。肺癌发病右侧多于左侧(P<0.05)。病变类型以鳞癌为主。不同性别患肺癌的病理类型有所不同,男性以鳞癌为主,女性以腺癌为主(P<0.05)。     

The analysis of clinical characteristics of 1,485 patients with primary bronchogenic carcinoma of lung

目的:探讨近10年原发性肺癌病例的临床病理特征变化及意义.方法:对2001年1月至2010年12月1 485例原发性肺癌病例的临床及病理资料进行收集,分析性别、年龄、发病部位、病理类型等方面的特征及其动态变化.结果:1 485例肺癌中男性1 119例,女性366例.发病年龄为24～90岁,平均年龄59岁.左肺664例,右肺821例.鳞癌705例,腺癌511例,小细胞癌83例,低分化癌116例,腺鳞癌13例,肉瘤样癌13例,其它类型44例.结论:男性患肺癌比例明显高于女性,10年来患肺癌中女性发病比例明显升高(P＜0.05).肺癌发病右侧多于左侧(P＜0,05).病变类型以鳞癌为主.不同性别患肺癌的病理类型有所不同,男性以鳞癌为主,女性以腺癌为主(P＜0.05).     

793例云南籍肺癌患者特征分析

目的了解云南籍肺癌患者的流行病学特征,为云南省肺癌的防治提供参考.方法回顾性分析2009年12月至2011年12月云南省肿瘤医院收治的793例云南籍肺癌患者的病理类型、性别、发病年龄等流行病学特征.结果肺腺癌353例(44.5%)、肺鳞癌241例(30.4%)、小细胞肺癌88例(11.1%)、其他类型111例(14.0%);肺癌患者男女比例为2.7:1,腺癌男女之比为1.45:1,鳞癌高达12.39:1,小细胞肺癌为3.89:1,其他病理类型为2.36:1;肺癌的平均发病年龄为(57.56±0.417)岁,发病高峰集中在41～60岁(50.94%).结论(1)肺腺癌的发病率高,超过了鳞癌;(2)肺癌患者男性居多,男性患者以肺鳞癌为常见病理类型,女性肺癌患者以腺癌多见;(3)肺癌患者发病年轻化,女性患者更加明显.     

46例肺癌组织光镜及电镜的对比观察

对46例肺癌组织进行光镜及电镜的对比观察,结果发现电镜下腺鳞癌的发生率远远高于光镜.光镜下诊断腺鳞癌仅1例(2.2%),而电镜诊断12例(26.1%).光镜下无1例非小细胞型神经内分泌癌,电镜下2例小细胞癌、1例腺癌和2例大细胞癌胞浆中发现神经内分泌颗粒.表明在此2型肺癌的诊断中电镜观察起着很重要的作用.结果证明肺癌细胞有很高的异质性,表现为同一肿瘤中出现腺癌和鳞癌结构以及腺癌和(或)鳞癌与神经内分泌结构.同一肿瘤中出现不同组织类型的成份,支持肺癌细胞起源于支气管粘膜中干细胞的学说.     

46例肺癌组织光镜及电镜的对比观察

对４６例肺癌组织进行光镜及电镜的对比观察，结果发现电镜下腺鳞癌的发生率远远高于光镜。光镜下诊断腺鳞癌仅１例（２．２％），而电镜诊断１２例（２６．１％）。光镜下无１例非小细胞型神经内分泌癌，电镜下２例小细胞癌、１例腺癌和２例大细胞癌胞浆中发现神经内分泌颗粒。表明在此２型肺癌的诊断中电镜观察起着很重要的作用。结果证明肺癌细胞有很高的异质性，表现为同一肿瘤中出现腺癌和鳞癌结构以及腺癌和（或）鳞癌与神经内分泌结构。同一肿瘤中出现不同组织类型的成份，支持肺癌细胞起源于支气管粘膜中干细胞的学说。     

组织芯片检测甲状腺转录因子-1蛋白在肺癌细胞核中表达的定量研究

目的 揭示甲状腺转录因子-1（TTF-1）蛋白在正常成人肺泡Ⅱ型上皮细胞、人胚胎肺泡上皮细胞、肺癌原发灶及淋巴结转移灶中的表达特点及规律。方法 用组织微阵列技术构建包含20例正常成人肺组织、15例胚胎肺组织、100例肺癌原发灶及其相应的55例淋巴结转移灶的765点阵的石蜡组织芯片。用免疫组化SP法检测该芯片中TTF-1蛋白的表达。用Leica Q500MC图像分析系统定量测试组织芯片上TTF-1蛋白的表达强度。结果 胚胎肺泡上皮细胞核TTF-1阳性单位（PU）值小于正常成人肺泡Ⅱ型上皮细胞核TTF-1的PU值（P〈0．001）;不同类型肺癌癌细胞核TTF-1的PU值均小于胚胎肺泡上皮细胞和正常成人肺泡Ⅱ型上皮细胞核TTF-1的PU值（P〈0．001）;肺腺癌和肺小细胞癌癌细胞核TTF-1的PU值均大于肺鳞癌和肺大细胞癌癌细胞核TTF-1的PU值（P〈0、001）;肺鳞癌癌细胞核TTF-1的PU值大于肺大细胞癌癌细胞核TTF-1的PU值（P〈0．001）。肺的腺癌、鳞癌和大细胞癌淋巴结转移灶中癌细胞核TTF-1的PU值均大于其癌原发灶癌细胞核TTF-1的PU值（P〈0．001,P〈0．001,P〈0．05）;肺小细胞癌淋巴结转移灶癌细胞核TTF-1的PU值与其原发灶癌细胞核TTF-1的PU值基本相同（P〉0．05）。有淋巴结转移的肺癌原发灶癌细胞核TTF-1的PU值大于无淋巴结转移的肺癌原发灶癌细胞核TTF-1的PU值（P〈0．001）;癌细胞胞核TTF-1的PU值与肺癌大体类型、分化程度和患者性别无关（P〉0．05）;TNMⅡ-Ⅳ期癌细胞胞核TTF-1的PU值大于Ⅰ期（P〈0．001）。结论 TTF-1的表达量在正常成人肺泡Ⅱ型上皮细胞、胚胎肺泡上皮细胞和肺癌细胞核中的表达具有差异性并依次减少;肺癌细胞核TTF-1的表达具有癌组织类型差异性,腺癌和小细胞癌相对较高,鳞癌和大细胞癌极少;TTF-1胞核高表达的肺癌易发生转移,TTF-1胞核高表达的肺的腺癌、鳞癌和大细胞癌癌细胞为具有明显转移能力的肺癌细胞的重要标志之一。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Electro-Acupuncture Combined with the Trigger Point Needle-Embedding for Treatment of Primary Trigeminal Neuralgia in 31 Cases

In recent years, the author of this essay has applied electro-acupuncture combined with the trigger point needle-embedding for treatment of primary trigeminal neuralgia in 31 cases, yielding satis- factory results as reported in the following.     

Investigation of Matrix Metalloproteinase -1, 2 and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases-1 in Endometriosis

Objective： To explore the role of matrix metalloproteinase-1,2 （MMP-1, MMP-2） and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases-1 （TIMP-1） in endometriosis. Methods： The eutopic and ectopic endometria from 40 subjects suffering from endometriosis and regular.endometria from 40 subjects （excluding endometriosis） were collected and examined by in situ hybridization technology and western blot assay. Results： Both expressions of MMP-1 and -2 were stronger in ectopic endometrium and eutopic endometrium than in normal endometrium. On the contrary, the expression of TIMP-1 in ectopic endometrium and eutopic endometrium was lower. The differences were significant （P 〈 0.01 ）. Moreover, there was no relationship among the expressions of MMP-1, 2 and TIMP-1 in ectopic endometrium. Conclusion： The expressions of MMP-1, 2 and TIMP-1 lose balance and lack of periodic changes in ectopic endometrium , which explains the biological invasive behavior of endometriosis. It was suggested-that regulating the balance between the MMPs and TIMP-1 should be an ideal therapeutic target to endometriosis.     

Shi Da-zhuo (史大卓) —An outstanding cardiologist of integrative medicine

Prof. SHI Da-zhuo, Ph.D., male, was born on March 20, 1960. Prof. SHI entered the Ph.D. program in 1990 at the China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences under the supervision of Prof. CHEN Ke-ji, majoring in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. After receiving his Ph.D. degree in 1993, Prof. SHI started working at the Cardiovascular Center in Xiyuan Hospital affiliated to China Academy of Chinese Medical sciences.     

Persist in and Carry Forward the Integrative Medical Research——Speech at the 6th National General Congress of Chinese Association of Integrative Medicine by Academician CHEN Zhu,Minister of Ministry of Health

The 6th National General Congress of Chinese Association of Integrative Medicine （CALM） was convened at 19-20, April 2008 in Beijing. Academician CHEN Zhu, the minister of Ministry of Health indicated at the congress that the integration of Chinese and Western medicine is very well in keeping with the situation of our country and the general rule of development in medical science; and as a good integration of Chinese medicine and Western medicine, it is mutually beneficial and advantageous to both of them. Seeing the creativity shown in integrative medical investigation in theoretic and methodological sides, we should and must persist in and develop it.