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1.
Dalia Almaghaslah Mohammed Ghazwani Abdurahman Alsayari Arwa Khaled 《Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal》2018,26(5):617-621
Objectives
The aim of the study was to evaluate previous exposure to online learning and preference for learning through pre-recorded online lectures with or without live active learning among pharmacy students in their fifth year.Methods
An anonymous online survey was self-administered to fifth-year students enrolled on the Graduation Research Project Course.Results
The response rate was 100%. Ninety-seven percent of students had previous experience with at least one online course during their pharmacy undergraduate curriculum; 76% of the courses were science courses. The majority of respondents preferred face-to-face, in-class lectures to online lectures, but 17% expressed no preference.Conclusion
Pharmacy students expressed some interest in online learning methods within the pharmacy curriculum. 相似文献2.
Background
Bacterial infections in pediatric patients with leukemia are associated with increased risks for morbidity and mortality. Few Recommendations have been made on the use of antibacterial prophylaxis in pediatrics with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) or acute myeloid leukemia (AML).Objectives
To determine the role of antibacterial prophylaxis in pediatric patients with leukemia and the most appropriate regimen that can be safely and effectively used.Methods
Literature search was conducted independently by 3 reviewers to find studies on the safety and effectiveness of antibacterial prophylactic regimens.Results
The search strategy resulted in 13 studies; most of them were observational studies. The available evidence recommends use of antibiotics with Gram-positive bacterial coverage in AML patients. In ALL patients, prophylaxis was used during the intensive phases of chemotherapy with ciprofloxacin being recommended most commonly.Conclusion
Antibacterial prophylaxis mainly with coverage against Gram-positive bacteria is recommended in pediatric patients with AML. For ALL patients, prophylaxis may be considered for patients who are undergoing intensive chemotherapy phases and are at high risk for infections with ciprofloxacin being the most commonly used agent. In general more studies are needed to determine the role of antibacterial prophylaxis in pediatric patients with leukemia. 相似文献3.
Ezgi Öztaş Alejandro Parejo Garcia-Saavedra Fatih Yanar Beyza Özçinar Nihat Aksakal Sevim Purisa Gül Özhan 《Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal》2018,26(2):274-278
Objectives
P-glycoprotein (P-gp) contributes to the disposition of a wide variety of drugs; therefore, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the P-gp coding gene might affect its activity. It is well known that personalized medicine, instead of empirical treatment, is a clinically important approach for enhancing responses among patients. Indeed, there is a need to evaluate the association between SNPs of P-gp encoded multidrug resistance genes (MDR1, ABCB1), and the dosage requirements of these drugs. In the present study, we evaluated the association between the dosage of Levothyroxine (L-T4) and three common SNPs (C1236T, G2677T/A and C3435T).Methods
Genotyping was done using a real-time PCR platform with DNA samples isolated from the venous blood of ninety post thyroidectomy hypothyroid patients. Thyroid hormone levels were measured as routine biochemistry laboratories in the Medical School of Istanbul University.Results
In the genotype analysis, the minor allele frequencies were 0.48 for C1236T, 0.51 for G2677T/A, and 0.51 for C3435T. In the haplotype-based analysis, T1236T2677T3435 and C1236G2677C3435 were observed as major haplotypes (50.2 and 32.6%, respectively), in agreement with previous studies. The administered dose of L-T4 to achieve physiological thyroid hormone levels was found to be similar in all genotypes and haplotypes, indicating that there is no significant association between MDR1 polymorphisms and L-T4 doses.Conclusion
Because of conflicted previous reports about the genetic contribution of MDR1 polymorphisms to drug disposition, further studies with large numbers of participants are required to clarify this influence. 相似文献4.
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Maha Meshal AlRasheed 《Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal》2018,26(8):1199-1203
Background
Coronary heart disease (CAD) is a multiple with several contributory risk traits, including type 2 diabetes and hypertension, which may share common genetic risk variants with the disease. Genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have yielded a wealth of information suggesting that CAD, the extent of contributory variants may differ according to genetic locus. The present study aimed at verifying whether the cyclin-dependent kinase 4 inhibitor B (CDKN2B) genomic region strongly associated with coronary artery disease (CAD)/myocardial infarction (MI) may also constitute risk for its risk factors type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and hypertension (HTN) in ethnic Saudi Arabs.Methodology
We genotyped eight CDKN2B SNPs for cardiovascular risk in a total of 4650 Saudi Arabs, (3049 male and 1601 female) by Taqman assay. Of these individuals, 3732 had primary hypertension and 2576 had type 2 diabetes mellitus.Results
Out of the eight studied SNPs, two, rs10757274_A [0.915 (0.840–1.00); p?=?0.042], rs1333045_T [0.92(0.84–1.00); p?=?0.048] were initially associated with type 2 diabetes but lost the association after multivariate adjustments for CAD, hypertension and MI, while rs10757274_A showed borderline association with hypertension.Conclusions
Our finding does not support the notion of a critical role for the CDKN2B gene locus as a HTN or T2DM cardiovascular risk in ethnic Arabs. The study also demonstrates the importance of replication studies in ascertaining the role of a genomic sequence in disease. 相似文献7.
Khawla Abu Hammour Mariam Abdel Jalil Walid Abu Hammour 《Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal》2018,26(6):780-785
Objectives
The present study aimed to evaluate the parents' knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) towards the use of antibiotics for childhood upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs), at the Jordanian University Hospital.Methods
This was a cross-sectional study. During the study period, 1301 parents of young children completed a validated – structured questionnaire.Results
Gaps in common knowledge related to antibiotics and their use were noted among participants. Nearly half of respondents believed that antibiotics are void from adverse effects, while 72.4% of them believed that a child should be given an antibiotic if it develops fever, even though 60% they were aware that most URTIs were viral in nature. Parents reported that they administered antibiotics to children without medical advice most of the time for various causes, including using a previously prescribed antibiotic for a similar illness (27.1%), or based on pharmacist's recommendation (23.8%).Conclusion
The results demonstrated the need for educational interventions to increase the awareness of parents about antibiotics to reduce inappropriate use and its consequences. 相似文献8.
Ashraf El-Metwally 《Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal》2018,26(5):629-633
Background
Pharmacoepidemiology is the concept used for evaluating the impact of drugs among a large number of people in the post-marketing phase. The use of this concept makes it increasingly necessary to detect the recurrence of drug-related anomalies that mostly occur through health care professionals or patients themselves. Pharmacoepidemiology is important since it helps to provide the right balance of benefits versus risks of the drug products while remaining an excellent tool to prepare the risk/benefit balance profile.Aim
The objective of this study is to review and explore the current status and future prospects of pharmacoepidemiology and post-marketing surveillance in Saudi Arabia.Methods
A literature review has been conducted using keywords such as pharmacoepidemiology’; ‘post-marketing’; ‘surveillance’; ‘Saudi Arabia’; ‘ADRs’; and ‘pharmacovigilance’. The study refines its focus on 13 pharmacoepidemiology and post-marketing surveillance research studies conducted in Saudi Arabia using the databases; Embase, PubMed, EBSCOhost, MEDLINE, and AMED.Results
Pharmacoepidemiology and post-marketing surveillance creates a body of research in Saudi Arabia, but within a restricted scope. The studies that were reviewed assessed the challenge from various perspectives. Lack of knowledge, post-marketing surveillance, ADR reporting, and increased use of generic products were reported.Conclusion
The current level of research may be widened and increased through improving the process of ADRs reporting system. More research needs to be conducted based on nation-wide observational studies. Collaboration among medical professionals, academics and industries should continue to establish a more efficient and consistent post-marketing surveillance system. 相似文献9.
Dimitrios Phaedon Kevrekidis Daniela Minarikova Angelos Markos Ivona Malovecka Peter Minarik 《Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal》2018,26(1):33-43
Background
Within the competitive pharmacy market environment, community pharmacies are required to develop efficient marketing strategies based on contemporary information about consumer behavior in order to attract clients and develop customer loyalty.Objectives
This study aimed to investigate the consumers’ preferences concerning the selection of pharmacy and over-the-counter (OTC) medicines, and to identify customer segments in relation to these preferences.Methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted between February and March 2016 on a convenient quota sample of 300 participants recruited in the metropolitan area of Thessaloniki, Greece. The main instrument used for data collection was a structured questionnaire with close-ended, multiple choice questions. To identify customer segments, Two-Step cluster analysis was conducted.Results
Three distinct pharmacy customer clusters emerged. Customers of the largest cluster (49%; ‘convenience customers’) were mostly younger consumers. They gave moderate to positive ratings to factors affecting the selection of pharmacy and OTCs; convenience, and previous experience and the pharmacist’s opinion, received the highest ratings. Customers of the second cluster (35%; ‘loyal customers’) were mainly retired; most of them reported visiting a single pharmacy. They gave high ratings to all factors that influence pharmacy selection, especially the pharmacy’s staff, and factors influencing the purchase of OTCs, particularly previous experience and the pharmacist’s opinion. Customers of the smallest cluster (16%; ‘convenience and price-sensitive customers’) were mainly retired or unemployed with low to moderate education, and low personal income. They gave the lowest ratings to most of the examined factors; convenience among factors influencing pharmacy selection, whereas previous experience, the pharmacist’s opinion and product price among those affecting the purchase of OTCs, received the highest ratings.Conclusions
The community pharmacy market comprised of distinct customer segments that varied in the consumer preferences concerning the selection of pharmacy and OTCs, the evaluation of pharmaceutical services and products, and demographic characteristics. 相似文献10.
Abdullah T. Khoja Mohammad H. Aljawadi Sulaiman A. Al-Shammari Ashry G. Mohamed Hamad A. Al-Manaa Laura Morlock Saifuddin Ahmed Tawfik A.M. Khoja 《Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal》2018,26(2):292-300
Objectives
To Describe the Saudi older adult (SOA) characteristics and Introduce the Saudi National Survey for Elderly Health (SNSEH).Methods
The SNSEH, a population-based nationally-representative survey, was used. Subjects were included in 2006–2007, using random-cluster sampling utilizing probability proportional to size approach, and followed-up to determine their vital status until June 2015. In the analyses, survey weights were incorporated. Parametric, non-parametric and logistic regression were used. Cox-proportional hazard regression was used to determine gender effects on mortality.Results
We included 2,946 SOA. The mean age was 70.1(SD?=?0.3). Around, 70% were illiterate. Almost 50% had monthly income of 2500 (2007-Saudi-Riyals). The most reported diseases were hypertension, diabetes and joints pain. The most reported medications were over the counter, antidiabetics and antihypertensive. The nine-years age-adjusted death hazard was 42% higher in SOA males.Conclusion
This is an introductory paper for a series of papers that describe SOA health. These efforts will help in guiding the development of a national healthcare model for SOA, evidence-based health policies and public intervention programs that address SOA health-related issues. 相似文献11.
Bander Balkhi Enrique Seoane-Vazquez Rosa Rodriguez-Monguio 《Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal》2018,26(2):238-243
Introduction
In October 2010, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) issued a safety communication regarding the risks of atypical fractures of the femur, with bisphosphonates drugs. This study evaluated the impact of the bisphosphonates FDA safety communication on the utilization of osteoporosis medications in Medicaid programs.Methods
Osteoporosis drugs utilization data from the July 2006 to June 2014 were extracted from the national Summary Files from the Medicaid State Drug Utilization Data maintained by the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS). We performed an interrupted time series analyses to evaluate trends in utilization of osteoporosis drugs before and after the 2010 FDA safety commination.Results
Time-series analyses of osteoporosis drug utilization in Medicaid program revealed a significant downward trend associated with the 2010 FDA bisphosphonates safety communication. Before the FDA safety communication was issued, the utilization rate was slightly decreased between 2006 and 2010. In the year following the FDA safety communication the bisphosphonate DDDs per 1000 beneficiaries of fell 22% yearly until the end of study period.Conclusions
The 2010 FDA bisphosphonates safety communication appeared to have influenced Osteoporosis utilization in Medicaid recipients. The 2010 FDA bisphosphonates safety communication was associated with a significant reduction in the utilization of bisphosphonates in the Medicaid program. 相似文献12.
Hadeel Albabtain Monira Alwhaibi Khalid Alburaikan Yousif Asiri 《Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal》2018,26(3):416-421
Background
Complementary and Alternative Medication (CAM) is commonly used among women with breast cancer to improve their quality of life (QoL). However, few studies examine the prevalence of CAM and its’ relation to the patients’ QoL among women with breast cancer.Methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted among 95 women with breast cancer at a tertiary hospital in Saudi Arabia. The outcome measure of interest was the QoL. The correlation was used to assess the association between CAM use and QoL. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were used to examine the factors that affect the use of CAM. The data was analysed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 24.0.Results
CAM use was reported by 81.1% of the study participants. The most commonly used CAM therapy was spiritual therapy 70.5%, followed by honey 36.8%, olive oil 24.2% and 23.2% herbal therapy. We found that those who were undergoing cancer treatment had a significantly higher percentage of CAM usage as compared to those not undergoing cancer therapy (72.6% vs. 8.4%, P=0.008). With regards to QoL, there was a statistically significant difference between CAM users and non-CAM users in global health status (73.2% vs. 64.8%, P = 0.049).Conclusions
CAM therapy was commonly used among women in our study sample which was correlated with higher overall global QoL. As CAM is widely used, health care providers may need to discuss the use of CAM with breast cancer women and be up to date on the benefits and risk of CAM use through well-equipped training programs and workshops. 相似文献13.
Anan S. Jarab Tareq L. Mukattash Ahmad Al-Azayzih Maher Khdour 《Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal》2018,26(3):301-305
Background
Diabetes is increasingly becoming a major health problem in Jordan and glycemic goals are often not achieved.Objective
To explore the patients’ perspectives regarding type 2 diabetes and its management in order to “fine-tune” future pharmaceutical care intervention programs.Method
Focus groups method was used to explore views from individuals with type 2 diabetes attending outpatient diabetes clinic at the Royal Medical Services Hospital. All interviews were recorded, transcribed and analyzed using a thematic analysis approach.Results
A total of 6 focus groups, with 6 participants in each one, were conducted. Participants in the present study demonstrated a great information needs about diabetes and the prescribed treatment. Medication regimen characteristics including rout of administration, number of prescribed medications and dosage frequency in addition to perceived side effects represented the major barriers to medication adherence. In addition to demonstrating negative beliefs about the illness and the prescribed medications, participants showed negative attitudes and low self-efficacy to adhere to necessary self-care activities including diet, physical activity and self-monitoring of blood glucose.Conclusion
Future pharmaceutical care interventions designed to improve patients’ adherence and health outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes should consider improving patients’ understanding of type 2 diabetes and its management, simplifying dosage regimen, improving patient's beliefs and attitudes toward type 2 diabetes, prescribed medications and different self-care activities in addition to improving patient's self efficacy to perform different treatment recommendations. 相似文献14.
Agnieszka Stelmaszyk Anna Wesołowska Karolina Pomieczyńska Saule Iskakova Magdalena Frydrychowicz Grzegorz Dworacki Marzena Dworacka 《Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal》2018,26(8):1192-1198
Introduction
Cardiovascular risk in the course of diabetes depends greatly on glycemic variability which is even more significant than chronic hyperglycemia. Optimal management of diabetes involves a multidisciplinary approach focused in particular on decreasing the risk of atherosclerosis. Therefore, our purpose was to evaluate the impact of dapagliflozin on glucose excursions and related proatherogenic changes in the aortic wall.Methods and materials
Animal model of type 2 diabetes rich-fat/STZ rats was used. Wistar rats were randomized into 3 groups: dapagliflozin-treated with glucose excursions, placebo-treated with glucose excursions and placebo-treated with stable diabetes. Dapagliflozin was administered once a day, 1?mg/kg, for 8 consecutive weeks. Glucose levels were measured twice a week at fasting and postprandially. The samples of aortas were taken for histopathological and immunochemistry examinations at the end of the experiment. The derangement in the aortic wall and the distribution of CD68+ cells in the aorta were considered early signs of atherosclerosis.Results
Dapagliflozin reduced glucose excursion to the level characteristic for stable, well-controlled diabetes. It was related to a significant decrease in histopathological changes which were observed in the placebo-treated rats with glucose variability. Dapagliflozin significantly reduced also the accumulation of CD68+ macrophages in the aortic adventitia.Conclusion
Dapagliflozin provides not only mere beneficial regulation of metabolic status with the depletion of glucose variability, but is also helpful in the prevention of early atherosclerosis related to the course of diabetes type 2. 相似文献15.
Zahra Khalil Alsairafi Felicity J. Smith Kevin Michael Geoffrey Taylor Fatemah Alsaleh Abdulnabi T. Alattar 《Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal》2018,26(4):487-495
Background
Diabetes is a threat to peoples’ lives around the world, particularly in the Middle East. Medicine misuse and poor glycaemic control are prevalent among patients with type 2 diabetes, especially insulin-dependent patients (Alsairafi et al., 2016). With advances in medical technology, insulin pumps became a treatment option for patients with type 1 diabetes and those with insulin-dependent type 2 diabetes. However, use of these devices is still lacking in Kuwait, particularly in patients with type 2 diabetes. Information on how patients manage these devices and their efficacy and safety from the perspectives of patients is also lacking (Alsaleh et al., 2016).Objective
To examine the views and experiences of adults with type 2 diabetes regarding the use of insulin pumps compared to their previous insulin delivery methods, in terms of glycaemic control, quality of life, preference, convenience and adherence to doses.Setting
The main five secondary-care hospitals in Kuwait: Mobarak Al-Kabeer, Al Amiri, Al Adan, Al Farwaniya and Al Jahra.Method
All adults with type 2 diabetes who used an insulin pump were invited to participate. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews. Data analysis was performed using MAXQDA-11.Results
A total of eight patients were interviewed. Interviews with patients revealed that using an insulin pump improved patients’ glycaemic control and quality of life as a consequence of improved satisfaction and adherence to doses.Conclusion
From the perspective of adults with type 2 diabetes, there are lots of benefits of using insulin pumps over other insulin delivery methods, mainly seen by the improvement of quality of life and patients’ adherence to doses. Policy-makers and healthcare professionals (HCPs) must be aware of such benefits and should support the wider implementation of this technology in the country by including patients with type 2 diabetes. Results of this study will help to inform healthcare provision and guideline modifications and to provide guidance for new patients using this therapy. 相似文献16.
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Purpose
Development of a new dosage-form of antiepileptic-drugs appropriated for children.Methods
Clonazepam (Cl) was formulated as cubosomal-gel (cub-gel) to be used as a patch reservoir through transdermal-route. Cubosomes prepared using glycerol-mono-oleate(GMO)/Pluronic-F127(PF127) mixture. An actual-statistical design was used to investigate the effect of different stabilizing agents (Ethanol and PVA) and surfactant concentration on cubosomes’ particle size and entrapping-efficiency. The selected formulae were evaluated by testing particle-morphology, in vitro drug release and stability. Cub-gel was prepared using selected cubosome formulae. The optimal cub-gel subjected to in vitro dissolution, ex-vivo permeation and skin deposition studies followed by studying its pharmacological effect.Results
Using PVA or Et as stabilizers with PF127 significantly decreases the average cubosomes’PS (352?±? 2.8 and 264?±?2.16?nm) and increases EE (58.97?±?4.57% and 54.21?±?3.89%). Cubosomes increase the initial release rate of Cl to ensure rapid therapeutic effect (37.39% and 46.04% in the first hour) followed by a prolonged release till 4?h. Cub-gel containing PVA showed significantly higher Cl-transdermal permeation when compared to Cl-suspension. Moreover, increases the retention-time (89.57% at 48?h) and skin-deposition up to 6-times. It also reduces the epileptic seizures and alters the behavioral parameters induced by pilocarpine.Conclusions
Cubosomal-gel could be considered an innovative dosage-form for Cl through the transdermal route. 相似文献18.
Renato R. Martins Lunara T. Silva Gabriela G. Bessa Flavio M. Lopes 《Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal》2018,26(8):1155-1161
Objective
This study aimed to compare the use of trigger tools and non-targeted chart review as methods for the detection of adverse drug events in an intensive care unit considering the health system of a developing country.Methods
Patients were divided in groups that were submitted to different methods (trigger tool and non-targeted chart review) for adverse drug event detection. Medical records were retrospectively reviewed, and adverse drug events detected during the data collection were analyzed by a multidisciplinary team and classified according to their causality, predictability, severity and damage level.Results
The search for adverse events performed by trigger tools and non-targeted chart review allowed the identification of similar numbers of events (61.09 and 64.04 ADE/1000 patient-days, respectively), types of event and related drugs. In both groups, the most frequently detected adverse events were related to metabolic, gastrointestinal, cardiovascular and hematological systems. These organic systems matched the drugs most associated with adverse event occurrence: anti-infectives, antithrombotics and insulins. Events identified by non-targeted chart review presented higher causality relationships and were considered less severe than those observed by trigger tool use (p?<?0.05).Conclusion
The similar performance between these methods supports trigger tool applicability in the ICU routine, as this methodology requires less time to retrieve information from the medical records. 相似文献19.
Mohammed N Al-Arifi 《Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal》2018,26(6):865-869
Objective
To evaluate preceptee satisfaction concerning preceptorship and the preceptor–preceptee relationship among pharmacy students.Methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted from May 2017 to August 2017 on senior Pharm D students at King Saud University (KSU) College of Pharmacy. A survey instrument was used to get feedback from students regarding their clinical rotations and internships and to evaluate their satisfaction toward preceptorship to meet the goals of the curriculum. Data were entered into SPSS, version 24.Results
Of the 52 students surveyed, 36 (69.2%) were female. More than half of respondents were somewhat satisfied with their preceptors and 11.5% were satisfied. Additionally, only 17% of students rated their preceptors as having excellent clinical teaching skills; about 19% of students rated them as “needs improvement.” About 40% of students rated their preceptors as very good, concerned, competent, and safe in their care for persons living with serious co-morbidities and diseases. About half of students (48.1%) rated their non-faculty KSU preceptors’ teaching behavior as not satisfactory compared with only four respondents with respect to KSU faculty preceptors’ teaching behavior.Conclusion
Pharm D students were somewhat satisfied with their preceptors’ teaching behaviors in communication skills, practice, and teaching skills as well as feedback and evaluation to students. To enhance the quality of experiential education, preceptors should be trained to develop programs that direct and energize advancement. 相似文献20.
Rana Abu Farha Khawla Abu Hammour Mai Rizik Rand Aljanabi Lina Alsakran 《Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal》2018,26(5):611-616