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1.
Dalia Almaghaslah Mohammed Ghazwani Abdurahman Alsayari Arwa Khaled 《Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal》2018,26(5):617-621
Objectives
The aim of the study was to evaluate previous exposure to online learning and preference for learning through pre-recorded online lectures with or without live active learning among pharmacy students in their fifth year.Methods
An anonymous online survey was self-administered to fifth-year students enrolled on the Graduation Research Project Course.Results
The response rate was 100%. Ninety-seven percent of students had previous experience with at least one online course during their pharmacy undergraduate curriculum; 76% of the courses were science courses. The majority of respondents preferred face-to-face, in-class lectures to online lectures, but 17% expressed no preference.Conclusion
Pharmacy students expressed some interest in online learning methods within the pharmacy curriculum. 相似文献2.
Anan S. Jarab Tareq L. Mukattash Ahmad Al-Azayzih Maher Khdour 《Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal》2018,26(3):301-305
Background
Diabetes is increasingly becoming a major health problem in Jordan and glycemic goals are often not achieved.Objective
To explore the patients’ perspectives regarding type 2 diabetes and its management in order to “fine-tune” future pharmaceutical care intervention programs.Method
Focus groups method was used to explore views from individuals with type 2 diabetes attending outpatient diabetes clinic at the Royal Medical Services Hospital. All interviews were recorded, transcribed and analyzed using a thematic analysis approach.Results
A total of 6 focus groups, with 6 participants in each one, were conducted. Participants in the present study demonstrated a great information needs about diabetes and the prescribed treatment. Medication regimen characteristics including rout of administration, number of prescribed medications and dosage frequency in addition to perceived side effects represented the major barriers to medication adherence. In addition to demonstrating negative beliefs about the illness and the prescribed medications, participants showed negative attitudes and low self-efficacy to adhere to necessary self-care activities including diet, physical activity and self-monitoring of blood glucose.Conclusion
Future pharmaceutical care interventions designed to improve patients’ adherence and health outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes should consider improving patients’ understanding of type 2 diabetes and its management, simplifying dosage regimen, improving patient's beliefs and attitudes toward type 2 diabetes, prescribed medications and different self-care activities in addition to improving patient's self efficacy to perform different treatment recommendations. 相似文献3.
Khawla Abu Hammour Mariam Abdel Jalil Walid Abu Hammour 《Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal》2018,26(6):780-785
Objectives
The present study aimed to evaluate the parents' knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) towards the use of antibiotics for childhood upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs), at the Jordanian University Hospital.Methods
This was a cross-sectional study. During the study period, 1301 parents of young children completed a validated – structured questionnaire.Results
Gaps in common knowledge related to antibiotics and their use were noted among participants. Nearly half of respondents believed that antibiotics are void from adverse effects, while 72.4% of them believed that a child should be given an antibiotic if it develops fever, even though 60% they were aware that most URTIs were viral in nature. Parents reported that they administered antibiotics to children without medical advice most of the time for various causes, including using a previously prescribed antibiotic for a similar illness (27.1%), or based on pharmacist's recommendation (23.8%).Conclusion
The results demonstrated the need for educational interventions to increase the awareness of parents about antibiotics to reduce inappropriate use and its consequences. 相似文献4.
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Justin Tenney Nicholas Hudson Hazar Alnifaidy Justin Ting Cheung Li Kathy Harriet Fung 《Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal》2018,26(5):678-684
Background
This is the first review to analyze literature identifying risk factors for a multidrug-resistant urinary tract infection (MDR UTI). Risk factors for other infections involving multidrug-resistant organisms have been evaluated in other reviews, but they do not assess urinary tract infections. The purpose of this study is to collect currently published data to determine the most commonly and consistently identified risk factors for UTIs.Material and methods
For this study, 3 independent researchers searched PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane database from 1966 to February 2016 for articles identifying risk factors for MDR UTI.Results
A total of 25 studies including 31,284 patients with positive cultures provide evidence for 12 possible risk factors for MDR UTI . The most commonly identified risk factor was previous antibiotic usage as evidenced in 16 of the 20 studies that evaluated this possible risk factor. The time range utilized to define previous antibiotic usage ranged from 2?days to 365?days. Other risk factors with the strongest supporting data were urinary catheterization, previous hospitalization, and nursing home residence.Conclusion
We identified 12 different possible risk factors for a MDR UTI, however several risk factors have minimal or conflicting evidence. The definitions of the risk factors varied widely among the studies, and should be standardized for future studies. 相似文献6.
Abubakr A. Alfadl Alian A. Alrasheedy Musaad S. Alhassun 《Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal》2018,26(2):258-262
Introduction
Pharmacists have a unique opportunity to promote good health through assuring the quality use of medicines. One of the most important tools to achieve this is medication counseling. Counseling plays an important role in enhancing medication adherence and optimizing medication therapy. Therefore, for improving the quality of services delivered by community pharmacists, it is essential to assess the current situation of counseling services delivered to patients.Aims and objectives
To date, there is a paucity of data regarding the quality of counseling services delivered to patients in community pharmacies in Saudi Arabia. This study aims to fill this gap through evaluating the counseling skills and counseling content delivered by pharmacists in a sample of community pharmacies in Qassim region, Saudi Arabia.Methods
The study was conducted at eleven community pharmacies in Qassim region. A convenient sample of community pharmacies was chosen based on their willingness to participate. To gather information, a form was prepared based on the core and complementary drug use indicators for evaluation of drug use in healthcare settings developed by the WHO. The study was conducted through observing the counseling services performed by the community pharmacists who participated in the study.Results
Two hundred and thirty-five forms were completed in eleven community pharmacies. A total of 44.4% of the counseling skills was found to be performed adequately, while only 20.1% of the counseling contents were performed adequately.Conclusions
The overall standard of medication counseling services provided to patients to improve usage of their medications, and consequently, their well-being was poor. 相似文献7.
Zahra Khalil Alsairafi Felicity J. Smith Kevin Michael Geoffrey Taylor Fatemah Alsaleh Abdulnabi T. Alattar 《Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal》2018,26(4):487-495
Background
Diabetes is a threat to peoples’ lives around the world, particularly in the Middle East. Medicine misuse and poor glycaemic control are prevalent among patients with type 2 diabetes, especially insulin-dependent patients (Alsairafi et al., 2016). With advances in medical technology, insulin pumps became a treatment option for patients with type 1 diabetes and those with insulin-dependent type 2 diabetes. However, use of these devices is still lacking in Kuwait, particularly in patients with type 2 diabetes. Information on how patients manage these devices and their efficacy and safety from the perspectives of patients is also lacking (Alsaleh et al., 2016).Objective
To examine the views and experiences of adults with type 2 diabetes regarding the use of insulin pumps compared to their previous insulin delivery methods, in terms of glycaemic control, quality of life, preference, convenience and adherence to doses.Setting
The main five secondary-care hospitals in Kuwait: Mobarak Al-Kabeer, Al Amiri, Al Adan, Al Farwaniya and Al Jahra.Method
All adults with type 2 diabetes who used an insulin pump were invited to participate. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews. Data analysis was performed using MAXQDA-11.Results
A total of eight patients were interviewed. Interviews with patients revealed that using an insulin pump improved patients’ glycaemic control and quality of life as a consequence of improved satisfaction and adherence to doses.Conclusion
From the perspective of adults with type 2 diabetes, there are lots of benefits of using insulin pumps over other insulin delivery methods, mainly seen by the improvement of quality of life and patients’ adherence to doses. Policy-makers and healthcare professionals (HCPs) must be aware of such benefits and should support the wider implementation of this technology in the country by including patients with type 2 diabetes. Results of this study will help to inform healthcare provision and guideline modifications and to provide guidance for new patients using this therapy. 相似文献8.
Balkhi Balkhi Mabrouk Al-Rasheedi Abuabker Ibrahim Elbur Ahmad Alghamadi 《Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal》2018,26(1):145-149
Background
High satisfaction with, and adherence to, warfarin therapy are linked to better international normalized ratio (INR) control and good therapeutic outcomes.Objective
This study was conducted to identify the association between satisfaction with, and adherence to, warfarin therapy and the control of the INR within the target therapeutic range.Methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted from June 1 to August 31, 2016, at the Anticoagulation Clinic in the Cardiology Center at King Fahad Hospital, Qassim, Saudi Arabia. All adult patients included in the study were 18-years-old or older and were on warfarin therapy for 6?months or more. The data were collected through face-to-face interviews using a structured questionnaire.Results
A total of 298 patients were included. Of them, 194 patients (65.1%) were males and 152 (51.0%) were classified as satisfied with their warfarin therapy. Secondary educational level and above (P?=?.001) and being non-Saudi (P?=?.026) were identified as determinants of a high level of satisfaction. Ninety-five (31.8%) participants were classified as adherent to the therapy, and satisfaction with treatment was the only predictor of adherence (P?=?.009). One hundred thirty-six patients (45.6%) achieved their target INR range. Satisfaction (P?=?.038) and adherence (P?=?.023) were significantly associated with better INR control.Conclusion
Substantial efforts are needed to improve patient satisfaction and adherence to treatment through different strategies in order to achieve the target therapeutic goal for warfarin treatment. 相似文献9.
Ashraf El-Metwally 《Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal》2018,26(5):629-633
Background
Pharmacoepidemiology is the concept used for evaluating the impact of drugs among a large number of people in the post-marketing phase. The use of this concept makes it increasingly necessary to detect the recurrence of drug-related anomalies that mostly occur through health care professionals or patients themselves. Pharmacoepidemiology is important since it helps to provide the right balance of benefits versus risks of the drug products while remaining an excellent tool to prepare the risk/benefit balance profile.Aim
The objective of this study is to review and explore the current status and future prospects of pharmacoepidemiology and post-marketing surveillance in Saudi Arabia.Methods
A literature review has been conducted using keywords such as pharmacoepidemiology’; ‘post-marketing’; ‘surveillance’; ‘Saudi Arabia’; ‘ADRs’; and ‘pharmacovigilance’. The study refines its focus on 13 pharmacoepidemiology and post-marketing surveillance research studies conducted in Saudi Arabia using the databases; Embase, PubMed, EBSCOhost, MEDLINE, and AMED.Results
Pharmacoepidemiology and post-marketing surveillance creates a body of research in Saudi Arabia, but within a restricted scope. The studies that were reviewed assessed the challenge from various perspectives. Lack of knowledge, post-marketing surveillance, ADR reporting, and increased use of generic products were reported.Conclusion
The current level of research may be widened and increased through improving the process of ADRs reporting system. More research needs to be conducted based on nation-wide observational studies. Collaboration among medical professionals, academics and industries should continue to establish a more efficient and consistent post-marketing surveillance system. 相似文献10.
Bander Balkhi Enrique Seoane-Vazquez Rosa Rodriguez-Monguio 《Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal》2018,26(2):238-243
Introduction
In October 2010, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) issued a safety communication regarding the risks of atypical fractures of the femur, with bisphosphonates drugs. This study evaluated the impact of the bisphosphonates FDA safety communication on the utilization of osteoporosis medications in Medicaid programs.Methods
Osteoporosis drugs utilization data from the July 2006 to June 2014 were extracted from the national Summary Files from the Medicaid State Drug Utilization Data maintained by the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS). We performed an interrupted time series analyses to evaluate trends in utilization of osteoporosis drugs before and after the 2010 FDA safety commination.Results
Time-series analyses of osteoporosis drug utilization in Medicaid program revealed a significant downward trend associated with the 2010 FDA bisphosphonates safety communication. Before the FDA safety communication was issued, the utilization rate was slightly decreased between 2006 and 2010. In the year following the FDA safety communication the bisphosphonate DDDs per 1000 beneficiaries of fell 22% yearly until the end of study period.Conclusions
The 2010 FDA bisphosphonates safety communication appeared to have influenced Osteoporosis utilization in Medicaid recipients. The 2010 FDA bisphosphonates safety communication was associated with a significant reduction in the utilization of bisphosphonates in the Medicaid program. 相似文献11.
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Abdullah T. Khoja Mohammad H. Aljawadi Sulaiman A. Al-Shammari Ashry G. Mohamed Hamad A. Al-Manaa Laura Morlock Saifuddin Ahmed Tawfik A.M. Khoja 《Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal》2018,26(2):292-300
Objectives
To Describe the Saudi older adult (SOA) characteristics and Introduce the Saudi National Survey for Elderly Health (SNSEH).Methods
The SNSEH, a population-based nationally-representative survey, was used. Subjects were included in 2006–2007, using random-cluster sampling utilizing probability proportional to size approach, and followed-up to determine their vital status until June 2015. In the analyses, survey weights were incorporated. Parametric, non-parametric and logistic regression were used. Cox-proportional hazard regression was used to determine gender effects on mortality.Results
We included 2,946 SOA. The mean age was 70.1(SD?=?0.3). Around, 70% were illiterate. Almost 50% had monthly income of 2500 (2007-Saudi-Riyals). The most reported diseases were hypertension, diabetes and joints pain. The most reported medications were over the counter, antidiabetics and antihypertensive. The nine-years age-adjusted death hazard was 42% higher in SOA males.Conclusion
This is an introductory paper for a series of papers that describe SOA health. These efforts will help in guiding the development of a national healthcare model for SOA, evidence-based health policies and public intervention programs that address SOA health-related issues. 相似文献13.
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Jacinthe Lemay Mohammad Waheedi Dalal Al-Taweel Tania Bayoud Pierre Moreau 《Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal》2018,26(4):481-486
Introduction
Pharmacy practice has considerably evolved from a dispensing role to a patient-centered profession. Kuwait has minimal clinical pharmacy services established in its healthcare settings.Objectives
The objectives of this study were to document existing clinical pharmacy services in public hospitals, identify barriers to their implementation and assess perceptions regarding pharmacists providing clinical services.Material & Method
A cross sectional study using self-administered questionnaires among a total of 166 pharmacists and 284 physicians across 6 public hospitals in Kuwait was conducted.Results
Over half of pharmacists (54%) provided clinical services, with the most common service being education and drug information (86%). Forty percent (40%) of the pharmacists reported that clinical services offered were of their own initiative but most of them (71%) were not sure whether they would offer additional services in the future. The majority of physicians were receptive to an expanded patient-centered role of the pharmacist (97%), believed pharmacists add to patient clinical care (92%) and considered pharmacists members of the healthcare team (96%). Major barriers reported by pharmacists to implement clinical pharmacy services included lack of policy (49%), time (36%) and clinical skills (28%), which is similar to barriers reported by physicians.Conclusion
Although clinical pharmacy is in its infancy in Kuwait, it is well perceived and requested by physicians. Major barriers must be addressed and in this context, having a national framework for pharmacy practice from Ministry of Health, supported by cutting edge education and a pro-active professional association would be key assets to evolve the practice in Kuwait. 相似文献15.
Mansour Alsharidah Metab. Algeffari Abdel-Moneim Hafez Abdel-Moneim Mohamed Faisal Lutfi Haila Alshelowi 《Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal》2018,26(1):1-6
Background
Type 2 diabetes is a chronic condition that requires pharmacotherapy interventions. Metformin and gliclazide are widely used drugs in monotherapy. However, their complementary action made utilization of the combination of these drugs an appealing approach.Aims
The study compared major therapeutic potentials of combined metformin/gliclazide treatment over metformin monotherapy based on the following parameters: oxidative stress, lipid profile, and hepatorenal functions.Subjects and methods
This is a comparative study was conducted from March 2015 to March 2016. The study screened 80 type 2 diabetic patients, of which 40 patients underwent combined metformin?+?gliclazide therapy (500?mg BD?+?80?mg OD, respectively). The other 40 were matched for age and duration of diabetes mellitus with the previous group and received metformin monotherapy (500?mg BD). The levels of fasting blood glucose (FBG), total glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), lipid peroxidation, total antioxidant capacity, serum creatinine, aspartate and alanine transaminases, total cholesterol, triglycerides, high-density lipoproteins, and low-density lipoproteins were measured according to the standard methods.Results
Oxidative stress, lipid profile, and hepatorenal functions were comparable in patients of both groups. However, patients on metformin treatment showed significantly lower levels of FBG [7.61 (6.70–8.89) mmol/L vs. 9.00 (7.30–10.68) mmol/L; P?=?.022] and HBA1c [7.00 (6.40–7.65)% vs. 8.20 (7.20–9.75)%; P?<?.001] compared to those on combined therapy.Conclusion
Oxidative stress, lipids profile, and hepatorenal functions were not different in patients who were on combined metformin/gliclazide therapy and compared to those metformin alone. In contrast, glycemic control was poor in the diabetic patients undergoing combined therapy. 相似文献16.
Fatema Suliman Alatawi Uzma A. Faridi Mohsen Suliaman Alatawi 《Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal》2018,26(8):1208-1213
Background
In diabetes mellitus, uncontrolled hyperglycemia has been reported to induce oxidative stress, which may lead to health complications. Vitamin D, however, acts as a non-enzymatic antioxidant to protect cells against oxidative stress and damage.Objective
To investigate the antioxidative effect of vitamin D combined with calcium in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats.Methods
Rats were divided into four groups (ten rats in each group). The first group (control) received a normal diet and water. The second group, including STZ-induced diabetic rats (diabetic controls), received a normal diet and water. The third group, also including STZ-induced diabetic rats, received vitamin D (2000?IU/day) with calcium (500?mg/kg/day) orally for 28 consecutive days. The fourth group consisted of STZ-induced diabetic rats that received insulin treatment for 28 consecutive days. Activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPO) and catalase were measured in the liver tissues. The level of malonaldehyde (MDA) was measured in the plasma.Results
Diabetic rats showed a significant decrease in the activities of SOD, GPO and catalase compared to normal rats. Oral administration of vitamin D with calcium to diabetic rats caused a significant increase in the activities of SOD, GPO and catalase compared with the untreated group. Furthermore, the plasma level of MDA was significantly elevated in diabetic rats compared to normal rats. Diabetic rats treated with vitamin D and calcium had a significantly reduced level of MDA, suggesting that vitamin D with calcium played a vital role in the protection of tissues from damage by free radicals.Conclusion
Oral supplementation with vitamin D and calcium may be a useful treatment for diabetic patients to reduce/prevent the pathological complications of diabetes. 相似文献17.
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Mohammed N Al-Arifi 《Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal》2018,26(6):865-869