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1.
Erin R. Hager Dawn O. Witherspoon Candice Gormley Laura W. Latta M. Reese Pepper Maureen M. Black 《Annals of behavioral medicine》2013,45(1):68-75
Background
Neighborhood perceived/built environment and physical activity (PA) associations have been examined for adolescents around homes, but not surrounding schools.Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to examine if positive perceptions/built environment in neighborhoods surrounding schools predict PA among low-income, urban adolescent girls.Methods
Measures include: minutes in moderate-vigorous PA (MVPA, ankle accelerometry), perceptions of the school environment (questionnaire), built environment (neighborhood audit). Analyses include multi-level models.Results
Two hundred twenty-four sixth and seventh grade girls [mean(sd) age?=?12.1(0.7)?years] from 12 schools serving low-income, primarily African American communities; mean MVPA 35.4 min (mean days assessed?=?5.8). Girls in schools with more positive perceptions of the neighborhood environment surrounding the school were less active (β?=?7.2, p?=?0.043). Having “places to go within walking distance” (perceptions) and number of food stores near school (built environment) positively relate to MVPA (β?=?5.5, p?=?0.042 and β?=?0.59, p?=?0.047).Conclusions
Among neighborhoods surrounding urban schools, positive perceptions do not predict PA; accessibility, via both perceived and built environment, support PA.2.
Monica L. Baskin Herpreet Thind Olivia Affuso Lisa C. Gary Mark LaGory Sean-Shong Hwang 《Annals of behavioral medicine》2013,45(1):142-150
Background
African American adolescents residing in the South are at increased risk for obesity and physical inactivity, yet our understanding of potential influences is limited.Purpose
Using an ecological framework, this study explored multilevel predictors (individual, family, home, and neighborhood environment) of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) among 116 African American adolescents (ages 12–16).Methods
Adolescents and their parents completed self-report surveys for hypothesized predictors. Youth physical activity was measured using accelerometry.Results
In multiple regression models, decreased daily MVPA was associated with female sex (β?=??24.27, p?<?0.0001). Family social support (β?=?1.07, p?=?0.004) and adolescent self efficacy for PA (β?=?6.89, p?=?0.054) were positively associated with daily MVPA.Conclusions
Adolescent demographics along with family social support and self-efficacy influence younger African American adolescent physical activity. Further exploration of the complex interaction of multiple levels of influence is needed to develop appropriate interventions for this vulnerable group.3.
Enrica Olivola Livia Brusa Camilla Rocchi Orazio Schillaci Claudio Liguori Rocco Cerroni Mariangela Pierantozzi Agostino Chiaravalloti Alessandro Stefani Fabrizio Stocchi 《Neurological sciences》2018,39(12):2169-2174
Background
Despite its negative impact on quality of life, fatigue in Parkinson’s disease (PD) remains an under-recognized issue and the underlying pathology is undetermined.Objective
To contribute at understanding the pathogenesis of fatigue in a naturalistic cohort of cognitively intact PD patients.Methods
In a Caucasian population of PD patients (n?=?27), we evaluated to what extent fatigue (quantified as PFS-16 score) is associated with PD duration and with autonomic dysfunction, studied by both MIBG scintigraphy and autonomic nervous system testing. The latter included the head-up tilt test, Valsalva maneuver, deep breathing, and handgrip tests.Results
PFS-16 score correlated with disease duration (R?=?0.57, p?=?0.002). Fatigue showed a clear correlation with deep breathing test (R?=???0.53, p?=?0.004) but not with the MIBG H/M ratios.Conclusions
Our data are consistent with a multifactorial pathogenesis of fatigue and with effects of dopamine depletion in PD-related fatigue; on the other hand, our findings do not support a role for sympathetic denervation in PD-related fatigue.4.
Chiara?Pane Teresa?Costabile Adriana?Salvati Dalila?Luisa?Aurisicchio Filomena?Abate Angese?Liguori Francesca?Paciello Silvio?Peluso Fiore?Manganelli Giuseppe?De Michele Alessandro?Filla Francesco?Saccà
Background
During neurological evaluation, dysarthria is not rated using quantitative measures, but rather using a qualitative approach.Objective
Aim of our study was to validate and acquire normative values for the PATA Rate Task (PRT), a quantitative test used to measure the severity of dysarthria.Methods
For the PRT probands are invited to repeat the syllables “PA-TA” as quickly as possible during a 10-s interval. The score consists in the number of correct repetition of both syllables.Results
We enrolled 232 healthy controls (118 males, 114 females), mean and standard deviation of the PRT was 28.84?±?6.6 (range 14–52). The PRT showed good inter-rater reliability (R?=?0.783; p?<?0.001), as well as test–retest reliability (R?=?0.927; p?<?0.001), and intra-rater reliability (R?=?0.888; p?<?0.001). Higher age correlated with lower scores (R?=?? 0.368; p?<?0.001).Conclusions
The PRT showed good reliability and could be easily added to the evaluation of movement disorders where a speech evaluation is essential.5.
I. Hassan B. Gerdes M. Koller B. Dick D. Hellwig M. Rothmund A. Zielke 《Child's nervous system》2007,23(6):685-689
Objects
This study evaluates the influence of visual-spatial perception on laparoscopic performance of novices with a virtual reality simulator (LapSim®).Materials and methods
Twenty-four novices completed standardized tests of visual-spatial perception (Lameris Toegepaste Natuurwetenschappelijk Onderzoek [TNO] Test® and Stumpf–Fay Cube Perspectives Test®) and laparoscopic skills were assessed objectively, while performing 1-h practice sessions on the LapSim®, comprising of coordination, cutting, and clip application tasks. Outcome variables included time to complete the tasks, economy of motion as well as total error scores, respectively.Results
The degree of visual-spatial perception correlated significantly with laparoscopic performance on the LapSim® scores. Participants with a high degree of spatial perception (Group A) performed the tasks faster than those (Group B) who had a low degree of spatial perception (p?=?0.001). Individuals with a high degree of spatial perception also scored better for economy of motion (p?=?0.021), tissue damage (p?=?0.009), and total error (p?=?0.007).Conclusion
Among novices, visual-spatial perception is associated with manual skills performed on a virtual reality simulator. This result may be important for educators to develop adequate training programs that can be individually adapted.6.
Objective and design
Whether combining intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) and mechanical thrombectomy (MT) is superior to mechanical thrombectomy alone for large vessel occlusion acute ischemic stroke is still uncertain. Our aim was to compare the safety and the efficacy of these two therapeutic strategies.Materials
Patients with acute ischemic stroke secondary to anterior circulation large vessel occlusion.Methods
A retrospective analysis was conducted. IVT was performed with full dose recombinant tissue plasminogen activator. MT alone was performed only if intravenous thrombolysis was contraindicated. Primary outcomes were successful reperfusion, 3-month functional independence, symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (sICH), and 3-month mortality.Results
325 patients were analyzed: 193 treated with combined IVT and MT, 132 with MT alone. The combined treatment group showed higher systolic blood pressure (140 [80–230] vs 150 [90–220]; p?=?0.036), rate of good collaterals (55.9% vs 67%; p?=?0.03), use of aspiration devices (68.2% vs 79.3%; p?=?0.003) and shorter onset-to-reperfusion time (300 [90–845] vs 288 [141–435]; p?=?0.008). No differences were found in the efficacy and safety outcomes except for mortality which was lower in the combined treatment group (36.4% vs 25.4%; p?=?0.02). However, after multivariable analysis combined treatment was not associated with lower mortality (OR 1.47; 95% CI 0.73–2.96; p?=?0.3).Conclusions
Our study suggests that mechanical thrombectomy alone is effective and safe in patients with contraindications to intravenous thrombolysis. Preceding use of IVT in eligible patients was not associated with increased harm or benefit. Randomized controlled trials are needed to clarify whether intravenous thrombolysis before mechanical thrombectomy is associated with additional benefit.7.
Aim
To investigate whether primary lateral sclerosis (PLS) represents part of the amyotrophic lateral sclerosis–frontotemporal dementia (ALS–FTD) spectrum of diseases.Methods
Comprehensive assessment was taken on 21 patients with PLS and results were compared to patients diagnosed with pure motor ALS (n?=?27) and ALS–FTD (n?=?12). Clinical features, Addenbrooke’s Cognitive Examination (ACE) scores, Motor Neuron Disease Behaviour (Mind-B) scores, motor disability on the ALS functional rating scale (ALSFRS) and survival times were documented. Motor cortex excitability was evaluated using transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS).Results
Global cognition was impaired in PLS (mean total ACE score 82.5?±?13.6), similar to ALS–FTD (mean total ACE score 76.3?±?7.7, p?>?0.05) while behavioural impairments were not prominent. TMS revealed that resting motor threshold (RMT) was significantly higher in PLS (75.5?±?6.2) compared ALS–FTD (50.1?±?7.2, p?<?0.001) and ALS (62.3?±?12.6, p?=?0.046). Average short-interval intracortical inhibition (SICI) was similar in all three patient groups. The mean survival time was longest in PLS (217.4?±?22.4 months) and shortest in ALS–FTD (38.5?±?4.5 months, p?=?0.002). Bulbar onset disease (β?=???0.45, p?=?0.007) and RMT (β?=?0.54, p?=?0.001) were independent predictors of global cognition while motor scores (β?=?0.47, p?=?0.036) and SICI (β?=?0.58, p?=?0.006) were significantly associated with ALSFRS.Conclusion
The cognitive profile in PLS resembles ALS–FTD, without prominent behavioural disturbances. A higher RMT in PLS than ALS and ALS–FTD is consistent with differential cortical motor neuronal abnormalities and more severe involvement of corticospinal axons while SICI, indicative of inhibitory interneuronal dysfunction was comparable with ALS and ALS–FTD. Overall, while these findings support the notion that PLS lies on the ALS–FTD spectrum, the mechanisms underlying slow disease progression are likely to be distinct in PLS.8.
Jeng-Dau Tsai Chang-Ching Wei Teng-Fu Tsao Yu-Ping Hsiao Henry J. Tsai Sheng-Hui Yang Min-Ling Tsai Ji-Nan Sheu 《Child's nervous system》2016,32(1):89-95
Purpose
The most common neurological complications associated with tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) include intractable seizures that begin in infancy and subependymal giant cell astrocytoma (SEGA) complicated by hydrocephalus with increasing age. Information on SEGA growth of TSC patients is limited. This study aimed to examine the TSC-SEGA growth rates by periodic neuroimaging.Methods
This study evaluated the TSC-SEGA growth rates by serial neuroimaging. Fifty-eight patients with TSC underwent systematic evaluation, including a review of medical history and serial brain neuroimaging.Results
While magnetic resonance imaging was more sensitive in detecting cortical tubers than computed tomography (73.1 vs. 0 %, p?<?0.001), its efficacy in identifying intracranial lesions was comparable to that of computed tomography (96.2 vs. 100 %, p?=?0.658). Significant tumor growth was observed in children (p?=?0.012) and adults (p?=?0.028) during follow-up periods, respectively (median for children 23.5 months, interquartile range 18–40 months and median for adults 23 months, interquartile range 12–34 months). Further, the SEGA growth rate in children was significantly higher than that in adults (75.6 vs. 16.5 %, p?=?0.03).Conclusions
The results of the study show that SEGA has a significantly higher growth rate in children using serial follow-up brain imaging, suggesting the importance of performing follow-up neuroimaging at yearly intervals in childhood to identify and prevent potential comorbidities.9.
Background
Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene C677T polymorphism was reported as risk factor for multiple diseases due to its role in conversion of homocysteine to methionine. The aim of the present meta-analysis was to find out the validity of association of C677T polymorphism with epilepsy susceptibility.Methods
Pubmed, Science Direct, Springer Link and Google Scholar, databases were searched for relevant studies up to January, 31, 2018. The pooled odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were performed using five genetic models. All statistical analysis was done by MetaAnalyst and Mix programs.Results
Except recessive model, significant association was found between MTHFR C677T polymorphism and epilepsy risk in other four genetic models (T vs C: OR?=?1.29, 95% CI?=?1.08–1.52, p?=?0.004; TT vs CC: OR?=?1.48, 95% CI?=?1.19–1.82, p?=?0.0003; TT + CT vs CC: OR?=?1.20, 95% CI?=?1.05–1.38, p?=?0.008; TT vs CT + CC: OR?=?1.35, 95% CI?=?1.11–1.62, p?=?0.002). Similarly, in the subgroup analysis based on ethnicity, significant association was found in Asian (T vs C: OR?=?1.85; 95% CI?=?1.15–2.99; p?=?0.03) and Caucasian populations (TT vs CC: OR?=?1.38; 95% CI?=?1.10–1.1.73; p?=?0.005). No evidence of heterogeneity and publication bias was detected in present meta-analysis.Conclusion
In conclusion, results of present meta-analysis suggested that 677T allele of MTHFR is significantly increases the epilepsy susceptibility.10.
Amy Degnan Katherine Berry Daryl Sweet Kathryn Abel Nick Crossley Dawn Edge 《Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology》2018,53(9):873-888
Purpose
To conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to examine the strength of associations between social network size and clinical and functional outcomes in schizophrenia.Method
Studies were identified from a systematic search of electronic databases (EMBASE, Medline, PsycINFO, and Web of Science) from January 1970 to June 2016. Eligible studies included peer-reviewed English language articles that examined associations between a quantitative measure of network size and symptomatic and/or functional outcome in schizophrenia-spectrum diagnoses.Results
Our search yielded 16 studies with 1,929 participants. Meta-analyses using random effects models to calculate pooled effect sizes (Hedge’s g) found that smaller social network size was moderately associated with more severe overall psychiatric symptoms (N?=?5, n?=?467, g?=???0.53, 95% confidence interval (CI)?=???0.875, ??0.184, p?=?0.003) and negative symptoms (N?=?8, n?=?577, g?=???0.75, 95% CI?=???0.997, ??0.512, p?=?0.000). Statistical heterogeneity was observed I2?=?63.04%; I2?=?35.75%,) which could not be explained by low-quality network measures or sample heterogeneity in sensitivity analyses. There was no effect for positive symptoms (N?=?7, n?=?405, g?=???0.19, 95% CI?=?0.494, 0.110, p?=?0.213) or social functioning (N?=?3, n?=?209, g?=?0.36, 95% CI?=???0.078, 0.801, p?=?0.107). Narrative synthesis suggested that larger network size was associated with improved global functioning, but findings for affective symptoms and quality of life were mixed.Conclusion
Psychosocial interventions which support individuals to build and maintain social networks may improve outcomes in schizophrenia. The review findings are cross-sectional and thus causal direction cannot be inferred. Further research is required to examine temporal associations between network characteristics and outcomes in schizophrenia and to test theoretical models relating to explanatory or mediating mechanisms.11.
Chang Ki Jang E-Wook Jang Kwang-Chun Cho Sang Hyun Suh Joonho Chung Yong Bae Kim Chang-Ki Hong Jin-Yang Joo 《Neurological sciences》2018,39(10):1735-1740
Background
Proximal A1 segment aneurysms of the anterior cerebral artery (ACA) radiologically resemble internal carotid artery bifurcation (ICBIF) aneurysms because of their anatomical proximity. However, proximal A1 aneurysms exhibit distinguishing features, relative to ICBIF aneurysms. We report our experience of managing proximal A1 aneurysms, then compare them to ICBIF aneurysms.Methods
Among 2191 aneurysms treated between 2000 and 2016 in a single institution, we retrospectively reviewed 100 cases categorized as ICBIF or A1 aneurysms. We included aneurysms originating from the ICBIF and ACA, proximal to the anterior communicating artery (A1 segment) and divided them into two groups: proximal A1 (n?=?32) and ICBIF (n?=?50). If any portion of the aneurysm involved the ICBIF, it was classified as ICBIF. Aneurysms wholly located in the A1 segment were classified as proximal A1. Patient factors and angiographic factors were evaluated and compared.Results
The proximal A1 group exhibited differences in aneurysm size (p?=?0.013), posterior aneurysm direction (p?=?0.001), and A1 perforators as incorporating vessels (p?=?0.001). The proximal A1 group tended to rupture more frequently when the aneurysm was smaller (p?=?0.046). One case of morbidity occurred in the proximal A1 group.Conclusion
Compared to ICBIF aneurysms, proximal A1 aneurysms were smaller and directed posteriorly, with incorporating perforators. Because of these characteristics, it may be difficult to perform clipping with 360° view in microsurgical field. Therefore, when planning to treat proximal A1 aneurysms, different treatment strategies may be necessary, relative to those used for ICBIF aneurysms.12.
Introduction
Patients with non-aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) are considered to have an overall benign course of disease compared to patients suffering from aneurysmal SAH. Nevertheless, a small but significant number of such patients might only achieve unfavorable outcome. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to determine if routine laboratory markers of acute phase response are associated with unfavorable outcome in patients with non-aneurysmal SAH.Methods
From 2006 to 2017, 154 patients suffering from non-aneurysmal SAH were admitted to our institution. Patients were stratified according to the distribution of cisternal blood into patients with perimesencephalic SAH (pSAH) versus non-perimesencephalic SAH (npSAH). C-reactive protein (CRP) and white blood cells (WBC) assessments were performed within 24 h of admission as part of routine laboratory workup. Outcome was assessed according to the modified Rankin Scale (mRS) after 6 months and stratified into favorable (mRS 0–2) vs. unfavorable (mRS 3–6).Results
The multivariate regression analysis revealed “CRP?>?5 mg/l” (p?=?0.004, OR 143.7), “WBC count?>?12.1 G/l” (p?=?0.006, OR 47.8), “presence of IVH” (p?=?0.02, OR 13.5), “poor-grade SAH” (p?=?0.01, OR 45.2) and “presence of CVS” (p?=?0.003, OR 149.9) as independently associated with unfavorable outcome in patients with non-aneurysmal SAH.Conclusion
Elevated C-reactive protein and WBC count at admission were associated with unfavorable outcome after non-aneurysmal SAH.13.
Javier-David Lopez-Morinigo Andrea C. Fernandes Hitesh Shetty Rosa Ayesa-Arriola Ashraful Bari Robert Stewart Rina Dutta 《Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology》2018,53(11):1161-1171
Purpose
The predictive value of suicide risk assessment in secondary mental healthcare remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the extent to which clinical risk assessment ratings can predict suicide among people receiving secondary mental healthcare.Methods
Retrospective inception cohort study (n?=?13,758) from the South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust (SLaM) (London, UK) linked with national mortality data (n?=?81 suicides). Cox regression models assessed survival from the last suicide risk assessment and ROC curves evaluated the performance of risk assessment total scores.Results
Hopelessness (RR?=?2.24, 95% CI 1.05–4.80, p?=?0.037) and having a significant loss (RR?=?1.91, 95% CI 1.03–3.55, p?=?0.041) were significantly associated with suicide in the multivariable Cox regression models. However, screening statistics for the best cut-off point (4–5) of the risk assessment total score were: sensitivity 0.65 (95% CI 0.54–0.76), specificity 0.62 (95% CI 0.62–0.63), positive predictive value 0.01 (95% CI 0.01–0.01) and negative predictive value 0.99 (95% CI 0.99–1.00).Conclusions
Although suicide was linked with hopelessness and having a significant loss, risk assessment performed poorly to predict such an uncommon outcome in a large case register of patients receiving secondary mental healthcare.14.
Gary J. Pickering 《Chemosensory perception》2016,9(1):37-46
Introduction
Thermal tasting—the capacity to experience phantom taste sensations on thermal stimulation of the tongue—has been shown to associate with greater responsiveness to orosensations elicited in aqueous solutions and beverages. Here, we sought to determine if this heightened acuity extends to difference thresholds.Methods
An ascending two-alternative forced choice method was used to measure difference thresholds for sweetness (sucrose), sourness (tartaric acid), and bitterness (quinine) in a neutral white wine. Individual best-estimate thresholds (BETs) were calculated according to ASTM E-679-04.Results
Group difference thresholds (g/L) for thermal tasters (TT) and thermal non-tasters (TnT), respectively, were sweetness, 3.52 and 5.24; sourness, 0.23 and 0.70; and bitterness, 0.0058 and 0.0060. There was an overall trend of TTs having lower difference thresholds than TnTs, but this was significant only for sourness (t?=?3.95, p?=?0.002). Additionally, wine expertise was inversely associated with the difference threshold for sweetness (rho?=??0.470, p?=?0.029) and was a significant source of variation in the analysis of covariance (t?=??2.69, t?=?0.016).Conclusions
These data provide some preliminary evidence that the supra-threshold intensity “advantage” in orosensory perception previously reported for thermal tasters may extend to difference thresholds and complex products such as wine.Implications
These results add to the evidence that thermal tasting represents a potentially important taste phenotype that may associate with food preference and consumption and should also be considered when populating sensory panels.15.
Introduction
Food choice and habitual diet-related health outcomes are strongly influenced by the oral sensations elicited by food. Of the biological-based mediators of orosensation, thermal tasting—the capacity to experience phantom taste sensations on lingual thermal stimulation—has not been investigated with respect to orosensation and liking of sampled foods.Methods
Twenty-three female thermal tasters (TTs) and 21 female thermal non-tasters (TnTs) scored liking of (9-point hedonic scale) and the intensity of orosensations elicited by (gVAS) 22 food and beverage items in duplicate using a randomized complete block design in a customized sensory evaluation laboratory. Foods selected included high fat, high sugar, and high salt items. Sampled items were grouped according to the dominant orosensation(s) elicited (sweet, bitter, sour, salty, astringent, creamy, crunchy, crispy, firm, menthol cool, and grainy), and intensity and liking assessed for each group.Results
No significant differences were found for thermal tasting status (TTS) in intensity ratings of orosensory groupings (p(t)?>?0.05). TnTs gave higher liking ratings for creamy foods than TTs (t?=?5.99, p?=?0.015), and their liking of the “aversive” food grouping was higher than for TTs and approached significance (t?=?2.97, p?=?0.086).Conclusions and Implications
The previously reported variation in orosensation due to TTS observed with simple aqueous solutions, and some beverages may not extend to sampled foods. However, differences in liking are suggested for some food groupings and are worthy of further investigation.16.
Michael J. Sagherian Tania B. Huedo-Medina Jennie A. Pellowski Lisa A. Eaton Blair T. Johnson 《Annals of behavioral medicine》2016,50(6):920-934
Background
Evidence-based, single-session STI/HIV interventions to reduce sexual risk taking are potentially effective options for implementation in resource-limited settings and may solve problems associated with poor participant retention.Purpose
The purpose of the study is to estimate the efficacy of single-session, behavioral interventions in reducing unprotected sex or increasing condom use.Methods
Data sources were searched through April 2013 producing 67 single-session interventions (52 unique reports; N?=?20,039) that included outcomes on condom use and/or unprotected sex.Results
Overall, participants in single-session interventions reduced sexual risk taking relative to control groups (d + ?=?0.19, 95 % CI?=?0.11, 0.27). Within-group effects of the interventions were larger than the between-groups effects when compared to controls.Conclusions
Brief, targeted single-session sexual risk reduction interventions demonstrate a small but significant effect and should be prioritized.17.
Athanasios Apostolopoulos Ioannis Michopoulos Ioannis Zachos Emmanouil Rizos Georgios Tzeferakos Vasiliki Manthou Charalambos Papageorgiou Athanasios Douzenis 《Annals of general psychiatry》2018,17(1):35
Background
Personality disorders (PDs) have been associated with both violent crimes and homicides in many studies. The proportion of PDs among prisoners reaches up to 80%. For male prisoners, the most common PD in the literature is antisocial PD. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between PDs and violent crimes/homicides of male prisoners in Greece.Methods
A sample of 308 subjects was randomly selected from a population of 1300 male prisoners incarcerated in two Greek prisons, one urban and one rural. The presence of PDs was assessed using the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI) and the Personality Diagnostic Questionnaire-4 (PDQ-4). Using logistic regression models PD types and PD “Clusters” (independent variables) were associated with “violent/non-violent crimes” and “homicides/non homicides” (dependent variables).Results
“Cluster A” PDs (Paranoid, Schizoid, and Schizotypal) were diagnosed in 16.2%, “Cluster B” (Antisocial, Borderline, Histrionic, Narcissistic) in 66.9% and “Cluster C” (Obsessive–Compulsive, Dependent, Avoidant) in 2.9% of the studied population. Violent crimes and homicides were found significantly associated with “Cluster A” PDs (p?=?0.022, p?=?0.020). The odds ratio of committing violent crimes was 2.86 times higher for patients with “Cluster A” PDs than the ones without PDs. In addition, the odds ratio of committing homicides was 4.25 times higher for patients with “Cluster A” PDs. In separate analyses, the commitment of violent crimes as well as homicides, was significantly associated with Schizoid (p?=?0.043, p?=?0.020) and Schizotypal PD (p?=?0.017, p?=?0.030).Conclusions
The majority of prisoners was found to suffer from a PD, mainly the Antisocial “Cluster B”, but the commitment of violent crimes and homicides was significantly associated only with “Cluster A” PDs and specifically with Schizoid and Schizotypal PD.18.
Jennifer L. Walsh Seth C. Kalichman Michael P. Carey 《Annals of behavioral medicine》2017,51(1):39-56
Background
Patients in sexually transmitted infection (STI) clinics report high levels of alcohol use, which are associated with risky sexual behavior. However, no studies have examined how changes in alcohol use relate to changes in sexual risk behavior.Purpose
We used parallel process latent growth modeling to explore how changes in alcohol use related to changes in sexual behavior across four samples of clinic patients.Methods
Patients participating in HIV prevention trials from urban clinics in the Northeastern and Midwestern USA (N?=?3761, 59 % male, 72 % Black) completed measures at 3-month intervals over 9–12 months. Integrative data analysis was used to create composite measures of alcohol use across samples. Sexual risk measures were counts of partners and unprotected sex acts. Parallel process models tested whether alcohol use changes were correlated with changes in the number of partners and unprotected sex.Results
Growth models with good fit showed decreases that slowed over time in sexual risk behaviors and alcohol use. Parallel process models showed positive correlations between levels of (rs?=?0.17–0.40, ps?<?0.001) and changes in (rs?=?0.21–0.80, ps?<?0.05) alcohol use and number of sexual partners across studies. There were strong associations between levels of (rs?=?0.25–0.43, ps?<?0.001) and changes in (rs?=?0.24–0.57, ps?<?0.01) alcohol use and unprotected sex in one study recruiting hazardous drinkers.Conclusions
Across four samples of clinic patients, reductions in alcohol use were associated with reductions in the number of sexual partners. HIV prevention interventions may be strengthened by addressing alcohol use.19.
Yhojan Rodríguez Manuel Rojas Carolina Ramírez-Santana Yeny Acosta-Ampudia Diana M. Monsalve Juan-Manuel Anaya 《Clinical autonomic research》2018,28(2):211-214
Purpose
To determine if autonomic symptoms are associated with previous Zika virus infection.Methods
Case–control study including 35 patients with Zika virus infection without evidence of neurological disease and 105 controls. Symptoms of autonomic dysfunction were assessed with the composite autonomic symptom scale 31 (COMPASS-31).Results
Patients with previous Zika virus infection had significantly higher COMPASS-31 score than controls regardless of age and sex (p = 0.007). The main drivers for the higher scores where orthostatic intolerance (p = 0.003), secretomotor (p = 0.04) and bladder symptoms (p < 0.001).Conclusion
Zika virus infection is associated with autonomic dysfunction. The mechanisms remain to be elucidated.20.
Yuichi Wakabayashi Ryuichi Takahashi Tomonori Kanda Feibi Zeng Munenobu Nogami Kazunari Ishii Takamichi Murakami 《Neurological sciences》2018,39(8):1401-1407