Salvage arthrodesis for failed first metatarsophalangeal joint arthroplasty: A network meta-analysis

BackgroundWe aim to provide an evidence-based literature review of salvage arthrodesis for failed first metatarsophalangeal joint arthroplasty with a network meta-analysis.MethodsA search of PubMed, Embase and Cochrane databases was conducted in December 2016 which identified 12 relevant articles out of 340 articles assessing the efficacy of salvage arthrodesis for failed joint arthroplasty of the first metatarsophalangeal joint. The 12 studies were assigned a level of evidence (I–V) and interventions were graded a level of recommendation (A–C, I) in support of or against the treatment modality.ResultsThere is fair evidence (grade B) to support salvage arthrodesis with structural bone graft. There is poor evidence (grade C) for salvage arthrodesis without bone graft. There was no good evidence (grade A) to recommend either intervention. Meta-analysis showed that salvage arthrodesis resulted in improved functional outcome over time.ConclusionsSalvage arthrodesis showed good bone union rates and patient satisfaction.Level of Clinical Evidence: III – Systematic Review of Level III studies.     

第一跖趾关节融合术与成形术治疗类风湿前足畸形疗效的系统评价

 目的 比较第一跖趾关节融合术与成形术治疗类风湿前足畸形的临床疗效。方法 计算机检索PubMed(1990年1月至2012年6月)、CNKI(1990年1月至2012年6月)、OVID(1996年1月至2012年6月)、中国生物医学文献光盘数据库、EMBASE(1966年1月至2012年6月)、万方数据库(1990年1月至2012年6月)和Cochrane Library(2011年第3期),搜集第一跖趾关节融合术与关节成形术比较治疗类风湿前足畸形的随机对照研究,对纳入的文献选择患者满意度、趾区负重、AOFAS穿鞋评分、外观评分、足功能指数评分、外翻角、第一、二跖骨间角、手术时间、并发症作为系统评价的指标。采用RevMan 5.1进行分析。结果 共纳入5项研究,285例患者。Meta分析显示：第一跖趾关节融合术的AOFAS穿鞋评分、外观评分优于第一跖趾关节成形术［MD=-0.88,95%CI(-1.55,-0.22),P=0.010;MD=-5.04,95%CI(-8.94,-1.14),P=0.01］,矫正第一、二跖骨间角、外翻角的能力较成形组好［MD=1.43,95%CI(0.37,2.48),P=0.008;MD=13.27,95%CI(11.44,15.09),P< 0.00001］、并发症少［OR=2.32,95%CI(1.06,5.05),P=0.03］。而患者满意度、足功能指数评分,两组疗效相当。结论 第一跖趾关节融合术联合二至五趾跖骨头切除成形术治疗类风湿前足畸形,可有效缓解疼痛、改善足的外观及功能、术后并发症少,其疗效优于第一跖趾关节成形术。     

第1跖趾关节融合结合外侧足趾旋转Weil截骨治疗重度跖内收型拇外翻

目的：探讨第1跖趾关节融合结合外侧足趾旋转Weil截骨治疗重度跖内收型拇外翻临床疗效。方法：回顾性分析自2017年3月至2021年8月接受第1跖趾关节融合结合旋转Weil截骨治疗的重度跖内收型拇外翻患者37例（69足）,男8例（11足）,女29例（58足）;年龄67～83(70.03±2.87)岁;左侧3例,右侧2例,双侧32例。分别于术前、术后6周及末次随访时,采用疼痛视觉模拟评分（visual analogue scale,VAS）进行疼痛缓解程度评价。术前及末次随访时采用美国骨科足踝外科学会（American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Surgery,AOFAS）前足评分对患足功能进行评价。并测量手术前及末次随访时拇外翻角（hallux valgus angle,HVA）,第1、2跖间角（intermetatarsal angle,IMA）的变化情况。结果：37例（69足）患者获得随访,时间12～48 (22.8±0.6)个月。术后7～10(8.00±1.21)周第1跖趾关节处达到骨愈合,无延迟愈合及不愈合发生。术前HVA (44.30±2.84)°与...     

Geometry of the first metatarsophalangeal joint

This study aimed to define the articular geometry of the metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joint of the great toe. Embedded in resin blocks, five pairs of cadaveric first MTP joints (all from men) were sequentially cut in the sagittal plane with a milling machine, removing 0.5 mm of bone in each cut. The photographed cartilaginous outline of each cut was digitized against reference markers, which enabled a computer system to superimpose each outline in three dimensions. The intersesamoidal ridge was found to be parallel to the lateral shaft. The peak of the ridge was just lateral to the midline of the MT head. The articular outline, through the ridge of each sample, was circular; however, other surface contours were noncircular. The undulating plantar aspect of the MTP head formed by the intersesamoidal ridge and related grooves was found to have symmetric relationships to the sesamoid bones and a consistent orientation to the shaft. The rounded distal dorsal aspect of the MTP head showed consistent differences to the concavity formed by the phalangeal base. The sample size is too small for the sizing of prostheses but it is adequate to study the geometry of the MTP joint. More data are needed for the accurate replication of a resurfacing prosthesis and understanding of joint kinematics.     

第一跖趾关节痛风石的手术治疗

目的探讨和总结跖趾关节巨大痛风石的治疗方法、疗效分析。方法对12例第一跖趾关节巨大痛风石患者,在综合治疗基础上,行手术治疗,术后长期监控血尿酸。结果本组12例,全部得到随访,随访时间6～24个月,平均13．4个月。关节切口Ⅰ期愈合,仅1例切口出现延迟愈合,占8．3％。术后跖趾关节外观和关节功能满意。结论积极的手术治疗是治疗第一跖趾关节巨大痛风石的有效方法,能减少痛风急性发作的次数,改善足的外观、保护足的功能。     

Long term retrospective analysis of the first metatarsophalangeal joint arthrodesis with two crossed screws

A retrospective analysis of arthrodesis of the first metatarsophalangeal joint was done to assess procedure's long term results in 32 patients with 42 operated feet. The mean follow up period was 77 months (range 4–104 months). In 30 feet, fixation was achieved employing 2 crossed screws. Forty feet had clinically stable and painless joint. Radiologically, 34 feet (27 feet with 2crossed screws) had fused bone to bone. Overall, hallux valgus angle was reduced from mean of 27.2 to 17.6 and intermetatarsal angle from a mean of 10.8 to 9.2.     

Structural interaction between bone and implants due to arthroplasty of the first metatarsophalangeal joint

Background

Currently, the metatarsophalangeal joint replacement through a restorative arthroplasty, where implants are used, is a viable invasive surgical medical procedure in the treatment of severe cases of osteoarthritis in this joint, better known as hallux rigidus. However, few things are known about the postoperative complications that implants can cause on the joint, like Swanson and Tornier implants.Research in this field can provide a valuable information that would help the specialist surgeon in the decision-making during the selection of the more suitable joint implant in each patient, as well as the redesign of the devices, to make them more efficient, durable and biocompatible with the human body.

Minimally invasive arthrodesis of the first metatarsophalangeal joint for hallux rigidus

BackgroundFirst metatarsophalangeal joint arthrodesis plays a significant role in the management of symptomatic hallux rigidus. Several open and one percutaneous technique have been described in the literature. The authors present a minimally invasive technique, not previously published in the UK with patient-reported outcomes.MethodsA total of 26 cases of are presented in this prospective, continuous series. Clinical outcome and patient satisfaction were assessed by the Manchester-Oxford Foot Questionnaire (MOXFQ) preoperatively and at most recent follow up (maximum 20 months). Radiographic and clinical evaluation of fusion was also assessed with a fusion rate of 93%.ResultsThe MOXFQ score for cases where fusion was achieved improved from a mean of 42 points to 18 points at last follow up (p < 0.05). Patient satisfaction was overall very good.ConclusionsThis minimally invasive technique is simple and can achieve results similar or better than open techniques in experienced hands. Postoperative care requirements are minimal and both clinical and patient-reported outcome show significant improvement in this series.     

分期手术治疗第1跖趾关节巨大痛风石的临床研究

目的:探讨分期手术治疗第1跖趾关节巨大痛风石的近期临床疗效。方法 :自2015年1月至2016年12月,采用分期手术治疗第1跖趾关节巨大痛风石患者12例,全部为男性;年龄45～73岁;右足6例,左足6例;保守治疗2年以上,双能CT检查明确通风石大小及部位;经X线片检查均可见第1跖趾关节骨质破坏。所有患者Ⅰ期手术行痛风病灶的彻底清除及克氏针临时固定,待局部软组织条件稳定后再行跖趾关节的植骨融合内固定手术。比较手术前后血尿酸含量,患肢畸形矫正及并发症情况,采用VAS评分评价疼痛缓解程度。结果:所有患者顺利完成手术,且获得随访,时间9～13个月。12例患者VAS评分由术前的6～9分降低至术后7周的0～1分;血尿酸含量由术前的443～501μmol/L降低至术后7周的307～330μmol/L;术后5～7个月足部第1跖趾关节畸形矫正、外形恢复。术后1例发生切口感染、皮缘坏死,经清创及换药处理后切口愈合。结论:分期手术治疗足部第1跖趾关节巨大痛风石,可矫正关节畸形,恢复第1跖趾关节外形,改善患足疼痛,有利于控制血尿酸含量,且并发症少。     

Comparing biomechanical investigations about different wiring techniques of finger joint arthrodesis

Introduction Multiple operative techniques are currently used for finger arthrodesis in clinical practice. The present study was designed to compare the biomechanical characteristics of typical arthrodesis techniques used in daily practice.Material and methods Osteosynthesis techniques comprising wire cerclage, thread cerclage (PDS) or intraosseous wire suture were compared in a biomechanical experiment for resistance against bending loads. The mentioned techniques were applied to artificial specimens with resected articular surfaces or by using the cup-and-cone procedure. In this process, the specimens were tested using various Kirschner-wire insertion angles as well as different arthrodesis angles (20° vs 40°) in a 4-point bending test with each group consisting of 6 specimens of acrylic glass. The forces prevalent in the joint space were determined by prescale pressure measurement foils.Results Wire tension banding resisted significantly higher bending moments than arthrodeses with thread tension bands (p<0.05). All set-ups with tension banding techniques tolerated significantly higher loads than the intraosseous wire sutures without additional K-wires (p<0.05), which showed unfavorable dislocation of contact areas resulting in instability even under relatively minor bending loads. Using the cup-and-cone technique, a geometrically larger contact area could be achieved between two unloaded fragments, but this technique showed no advantages in the opposing bending moments compared with the conventional resection method. In both techniques, a dislocation of contact surfaces towards the palmar direction could be observed with increasing bending moment. While the use of thread tension band fixation reduces the risk of plastic deformation of both osteosynthetic material and bone stock, the problem of resorption rate has to be taken into account when choosing the material for the thread.Conclusions Considering pressure distribution and stability with and without bending loads, it is not the most rigid osteosynthesis technique which should be viewed as the ideal treatment. In contrast, it is more important to consider the various and most likely conditions to be expected in daily life after arthrodesis and therefore to chose the type of technique distributing pressure as regularly as possible.     

Masquelet技术治疗第1跖趾关节痛风性关节炎

目的:探讨采用Masquelet技术治疗第1跖趾关节痛风性关节炎的效果。方法:自2012年2月至2016年5月,采用Masquelet技术治疗7例第1跖趾关节痛风性关节炎患者,其中男5例,女2例;年龄42~58岁,平均50岁。术后定期复查,通过影像学评估骨质愈合情况,并采用美国矫形外科足踝协会(AOFAS)足踝功能评分系统进行综合评价。结果:7例患者均获得随访,时间6~8个月,平均7个月。所有患者伤口达到Ⅰ期愈合,未出现伤口感染、皮瓣坏死等软组织并发症。影像学检查均达到骨性愈合,愈合时间3~4个月,平均3.6个月。AOFAS评分由术前的42.5±4.6提高至术后的85.0±10.5。结论:采用Masquelet技术治疗第1跖趾关节痛风性关节炎具有症状缓解明显、并发症少的优势,可有效改善患者生活质量,是一种全新有效的治疗方式。     

Analysis of biomechanical stresses caused by hindfoot joint arthrodesis in the treatment of adult acquired flatfoot deformity: A finite element study

BackgroundTreatments of adult acquired flatfoot deformity in early stages (I–IIa–IIb) are focused on strengthening tendons, in isolation or combined with osteotomies, but in stage III, rigidity of foot deformity requires more restrictive procedures such as hindfoot joint arthrodesis. Few experimental studies have assessed the biomechanical effects of these treatments, because of the difficulty of measuring these parameters in cadavers. Our objective was to quantify the biomechanical stress caused by both isolated hindfoot arthrodesis and triple arthrodesis on the main tissues that support the plantar arch.MethodsAn innovative finite element model was used to evaluate some flatfoot scenarios treated with isolated hindfoot arthrodesis and triple arthrodesis.Results and conclusionsWhen arthrodeses are done in situ, talonavicular seems a good option, possible superior to subtalar and at least equivalent to triple. Calcaneocuboid arthrodesis reduces significantly both fascia plantar and spring ligament stresses but concentrates higher stresses around the fused joint.     

Flexible hinge toe implant arthroplasty for rheumatoid arthritis of the first metatarsophalangeal joint: long-term results

We report the long-term clinical results and survival rate of the implant in flexible hinge toe implant arthroplasty of the first metatarsophalangeal joint, combined with a shortening oblique osteotomy of the metatarsal neck in the lateral toes, in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Between 1983 and 1990, arthroplasty was performed on 97 feet in 66 patients. Twenty-seven patients died; follow-up information was available for 60 feet in the remaining 39 patients, who were followed for an average of 12 years. Twenty-nine patients (74%) were satisfied with the outcome after surgery, 7 were satisfied but had some pain or recurrent deformities, and 3 were unsatisfied. Radiologically, visible fracture was identified in nine implants. Four implants were removed because of infection (n = 2) or recurrent deformity (n = 2); no implant was removed because silicone synovitis developed. With revision as the endpoint, the implant survival rate was 93% at 10 years, and with radiographic implant fracture as the endpoint, the implant survival rate was 87% at 10 years. Shortening oblique osteotomy of the lateral toes appeared to decrease the rate of implant fracture and should be performed concomitantly with implantation when rheumatoid forefoot deformities are being reconstructed. Received: July 27, 2000 / Accepted: October 2, 2000     

第二跖趾关节移植在掌指关节重建中的应用

目的探讨第二跖趾关节游离移植重建掌指关节的新方法。方法通过对成人废弃下肢标本6侧,在放大6～10倍手术显微镜视下,解剖并观察第二跖趾关节血供及测量关节活动范围的应用解剖学研究,并在该研究基础上,临床采用不同术式的第二跖趾关节移植,修复掌指关节缺损34例。其中对第一掌指关节重建,将游离关节的跖骨直接与掌骨成30°～45°固定。对2～5指掌指关节重建,采用跖骨头下关节面45°截骨,同时将过厚的跖板在保留关节囊完整及部分跖侧屈肌腱鞘的情况下作楔形切除,原跖骨断端重新对合,纵行克氏针固定。结果术后34例掌指关节全部存活。手功能评定:优22例,良7例,可3例,差2例;优良率为85%。X线片显示骨折愈合良好。结论采用跖骨与掌骨成角固定及跖骨头下关节面45°截骨的方法,行第二跖趾关节游离移植重建掌指关节,该方法可行、有效。     

Biomechanical comparison of first metatarsophalangeal joint arthrodeses using triple-threaded headless screws versus partially threaded lag screws

BackgroundTriple-threaded, cannulated headless screws of varying thread diameters and pitch are designed to maintain thread length across the arthrodesis plane, provide joint compression, and reduce countersinking. This study tested the biomechanical fixation strength of conventional partially threaded lag screws compared to triple-threaded headless screws in first metatarsophalangeal joint arthrodesis.MethodsFirst metatarsophalangeal joint arthrodesis using a crossed screw technique was performed on 11 paired, preserved cadaver first rays with two 4.0-mm triple-threaded, cannulated headless screws or two 4.0-mm partially threaded, cannulated lag screws. The constructs were tested to failure through dorsally directed cantilever bending.ResultsThe triple-threaded, cannulated headless screws displayed significantly greater bending stiffness (p = 0.017) and failure load (p = 0.040) during load-to-failure testing compared to the partially threaded, cannulated lag screws.ConclusionsTriple-threaded, cannulated headless screws may be a viable alternative to partially threaded lag screws in first metatarsophalangeal arthrodesis.     

Metallic hemiarthroplasty or arthrodesis of the first metatarsophalangeal joint as treatment for hallux rigidus: A systematic review and meta-analysis

BackgroundArthrodesis and metallic hemiarthroplasty are two surgical interventions for the treatment of end-stage osteoarthritis of the first metatarsophalangeal (MTP1) joint. This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to compare the two operations with regards to patient-reported outcomes, pain reduction, complications and revision rates.MethodsA systematic literature search identified all relevant studies. The methodological quality was assessed using two validated tools. Data of interest were derived and presented. For non-comparative studies, data was assessed for trends, while for comparative studies pooling statistics were performed.ResultsA total of 33 studies were included for analysis. The majority of studies (>75%) reported an AOFAS-HMI score greater than 80 points after both metallic hemiarthroplasty and arthrodesis. The lowest VAS pain score was observed after arthrodesis (weighted mean difference -1.58, 95% confidence interval (CI) ?2.16 to ?1.00 P< 0.00001). Comparable numbers of complications (odds radio 1.48, 95% CI 0.81 to 2.73, P = 0.21, favoring: hemiarthroplasty) and revisions (odds ratio 1.16, 95% CI 0.62 to 2.15 P = 0.64, favoring: hemiarthroplasty) were observed after both interventions. The included non-comparative studies seem to confirm these findings of the comparative studies.ConclusionMetallic hemiarthroplasty and arthrodesis have excellent clinical outcomes and acceptable complication- and revision rates. Arthrodesis seems to be superior in pain reduction, while metallic hemiarthroplasty is a suitable alternative for patients performing activities that requires motion in the first metatarsophalangeal joint.     

吻合血管的第二跖趾关节游离移植置换第二掌指关节11例

目的总结吻合血管的第二跖趾关节游离移植置换第二掌指关节的临床经验。方法手术时切除破坏的第二掌指关节及部分第二掌骨和近节指骨，将第二跖趾关节转移至手部第二掌指关节处，在鼻烟窝处将足背动脉与桡动脉吻合、大隐静脉与头静脉吻合，将切除的第二掌指关节的软骨关节面和骨骼的软组织剔除后回植到足部第二跖趾关节供区。结果临床应用11例，其中8例于术后5个月-2年6个月得到随访，第二掌指关节均获得较良好的功能恢复。结论吻合血管的第二跖趾关节游离移植置换第二掌指关节，能有效地恢复第二掌指关节的功能。     

类风湿足跖趾关节硅橡胶假体置换术

目的临床观察用硅橡胶假体置换第一跖趾关节矫正类风湿性关节炎(rheumatoidarthritis,RA)前足畸形的疗效。方法2年间对6例RA患者共11个第一跖趾关节行假体置换术。其中男1例 ,女5例 ;随访38～59个月 ,平均49.75个月。术前外翻30°～75° ,平均45.6°;跖内翻10°～25° ,平均16°;关节活动幅度13°～45° ,平均32.5°。结果术后外翻15°～36°,平均24.7°;跖内翻角无明显变化 ;关节活动幅度33°～60.5°,平均48°。患者对手术满意率100 %,术后优良率92.5 %。结论采用自行研制的硅橡胶假体置换第一跖趾关节 ,手术方法简单 ,骨切除量少 ,效果满意。