超声引导穿刺活检诊断胰腺部肿瘤

目的:通过超声引导穿刺活检技术的应用,为胰腺癌的早期病理诊断开创了一个安全有效的新途径,并比较18G粗针及21G细针穿刺活检的临床应用价值。方法:应用粗针及细针经超声引导下对113例可疑胰腺癌的患者穿刺活检,活检取出的组织能作出明确组织病理学诊断的为取材满意,以手术后病理诊断或随访6个月~1年的结果为最后诊断。结果:113例中,107例取材满意,能作出明确组织病理学诊断,穿刺获得组织学诊断率为94.7%。粗针活检46例,细针活检67例,两种针型取材满意率间的比较及就良恶性诊断,粗、细针间的敏感性、特异性、准确性、并发症发生率比较均无显著性差异(P>0.05);细针有2例假阴性,粗针无,两种针型间比较无显著性差异(P>0.05)。结论:超声引导胰腺病变穿刺活检,技术方法简便,病理诊断阳性率高,对确定诊断有重要意义。18G粗针较21G细针穿刺同样安全,并且获取标本较完整,取材量大,有利于对病变组织结构的观察,故应值得提倡。     

超声引导经皮穿刺活检对乳腺占位性病变的诊断价值

目的探讨超声引导下经皮穿刺活检乳腺占位性病变的诊断和鉴别诊断价值。方法用16G及18G活检针于超声引导下经皮穿刺140例乳腺占位性病变,所取组织以能作出明确组织病理诊断为取材满意,否则为不满意。全部病例以超声引导穿刺活检或术后病理诊断为最后诊断。结果16G针活106例,18G针活检34例,每例取材2～3次,全部进行组织学检查。16G和18G针取材满意率分别为100%与97.1%。所有病例穿刺活检后均无严重并发症。超声引导下穿刺活检诊断乳腺占位性病变的灵敏度为98.0%,正确诊断指数为0.98,而超声诊断相应指标分别为83.7%和0.79。结论超声引导下经皮穿刺活检乳腺占位性病变的准确性高,并发症发生率低,是临床确诊乳腺占位性病变的有效方法。     

超声引导颈部淋巴结活检的对比研究

目的比较自动活检装置中不同直径穿刺针对超声引导颈部淋巴结活检的效果并与同期PET/CT检查结果进行对比,评价2种方法的临床应用价值。方法分析我科349例超声引导颈部淋巴结活检结果,根据取得组织所提供的病理诊断,分为6个级别,比较18G和16G穿刺针获取目标组织的成功率。同时其中28例经PET/CT检查,对比超声引导颈部淋巴结活检和PET/CT检查的诊断符合率。结果超声引导颈部淋巴结活检的总取材成功率为88.0%,16G针取材成功率（95.5%）高于18G针（83.3%）,两组比较有显著性差异,P〈0.01。其中28例患者同期进行颈部淋巴结的PET/CT检查,其与病理诊断符合率为71.4%。超声引导下活检结果与之比较有显著性差异,P〈0.01。结论与昂贵的PET/CT相比,超声引导下颈部淋巴结活检技术是一种简便、廉价及高效的检查手段。在条件允许情况下采用直径较大活检针能提高取材成功率。     

超声引导粗针与细针穿刺活检比较

目的　比较粗针(18G)、细针(21G)超声引导下经皮穿刺组织活检的临床应用价值。方法用粗针及细针于超声引导下经皮穿刺组织活检共1302例患者。所取组织能作出明确组织病理诊断者为取材满意,否则为不满意。以术后病理诊断或随访6个月的结果为最后诊断。结果　粗针活检455例,平均进针2.2次/例,细针847例,平均进针2.8次/例。同一部位取材满意率粗、细针间无显著性差异(P>0.05),细针后腹膜、肺及胸膜取材满意率低于其他脏器。粗、细针间诊断的敏感性、特异性、准确性及并发症发生率均无显著性差异。结论　超声引导下粗针穿刺组织活检同细针一样安全,并且所取标本较大、较完整,有利于病理科处理和组织学分型,值得在临床推广应用,但仍应掌握适应症     

超声引导下穿刺活检乳腺肿物的临床研究

目的探讨超声引导下粗针穿刺活检在乳腺肿物诊断中的价值,比较14G及16G活检针的优缺点。方法高频超声引导下14G或16G活检针经皮穿刺活检150例乳腺肿物,以术后病理诊断为标准,分析经皮粗针活检对乳腺肿物的诊断准确性。结果150例乳腺病灶穿刺活检准确率约87．3％。68例用14G针活检,取材成功率91．3％,并发症7．3％;72例用16G针活检,取材成功率91．7％,并发症8．3％。结论超声引导14G及16G针穿刺活检同样具有成功率高、安全、病理组织学诊断准确率高等优点,可为临床诊断和治疗提供重要依据。     

高频彩超在引导颈部包块活检中的临床价值

目的探讨影响高频彩超引导颈部包块穿刺活检取材成功率的因素及其安全性。方法回顾性分析我科450例高频彩超引导颈部包块经皮穿刺活检资料,依据病理学诊断结果,分析影响取材成功率的因素;记录出现的并发症。结果颈部包块越小,取材成功率越低,直径〈1cm包块与1～2cm包块间比较（86．27％w96．93％）,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）;但直径1—2cm包块与直径〉2cm包块间比较（96．93％似97．08％）,差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。15mm组织条长度取材成功率（88．62％）与22mm组织条长度取材成功率（98．47％）比较,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。16G活检针取材成功率（96．68％）和18G活检针取材成功率（94．41％）比较,差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。本组病例穿刺过程中有部分患者感觉胀痛,无一例出现大出血及其他严重并发症。结论高频彩超引导颈部包块自动活检是一种安全、简便、价廉、微创取材方法,对颈部包块的诊断与治疗具有重要的应用价值。     

超声引导16G和18G针穿刺肺活检的临床应用比较

目的探讨超声引导16G针和18G针经皮穿刺肺活检(US-PCNB)的临床应用价值,比较两种针型在肺活检术中的取材成功率及安全性。方法二维超声引导下对79例声像显示清晰的肺肿块患者使用粗针行US-PCNB,其中使用16G针穿刺取材58例,使用18G针穿刺取材21例。结果使用16G针穿刺取材获取肺病变组织条块较粗大,1~2次进针活检取材的成功率为84.5%(49/58)明显高于使用18G针的成功率38.9%(7/21),两种针型肺活检成功率比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);与18G针比较,16G针穿刺活检并发症的发生率低、安全性好,两种针型穿刺活检的安全性比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论使用16G针能在保证获取足够肺病变标本基础上明显减少进针次数,从而降低了肺穿刺并发症的发生率。     

16G与18G穿刺针对超声引导下经皮肺穿刺活检的影响

目的探讨不同直径穿刺针对超声引导下经皮肺周围型病变穿刺活检穿刺成功率及并发症发生率的影响与其临床应用价值分析。方法回顾性分析在我院行超声引导下经皮肺穿刺活检患者905例,其中16G穿刺针活检194例,18G穿刺针活检711例,比较两组之间穿刺成功率及并发症发生率。结果 837例患者穿刺成功,穿刺成功率为92.5%;90例患者发生并发症,并发症发生率为9.9%。16G和18G穿刺成功率及并发症发生率差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。16G1针穿刺取材成功率(14.4%)高于18G (9.1%),差异有统计学意义(P=0.03)。结论超声引导下经皮肺穿刺活检术是诊断肺周围型病变的重要方法,为取得更多有效组织及提高1针穿刺取材成功率可优先考虑选用直径较大的16G穿刺针。     

超声引导下穿刺活检对颈部淋巴结病变的诊断价值

目的 探讨超声引导下穿刺活检对颈部淋巴结病变的诊断价值.方法 超声引导下应用18 G组织切割针经皮穿刺活检颈部淋巴结病变共178例,取出目标组织者为取材满意,否则为取材不满意.以活检病理肯定诊断或随访6个月的结果为最后诊断.结果 超声引导下颈部淋巴结穿刺活检的取材满意率为96.7%.对转移肿瘤诊断的敏感性、特异性和准确性均为100%;对淋巴结核、淋巴反应性增生诊断的敏感性、特异性和准确性分别为81.7%、99.1%、92.1%和82.9%、94.1%、91.6%.结论 超声引导下经皮穿刺活检对颈部淋巴结病变的诊断具有很高的价值,但不同种类疾病,其诊断价值有差异.     

16G粗针超声导向穿刺活检对中央型肺肿块的诊断价值

目的评价16G粗针对中央型肺肿块(CTPM)行超声引导经皮穿刺肺活检(US-PCNB)的诊断价值及安全性.方法对31例采用16G针行US-PCNB病例资料进行回顾性分析.结果31例中29例取材成功,5例发生轻微并发症.结论对于超声能够显示的CTPM,采用16G粗针行US-PCNB组织标本满意,取材成功率高,是一种比较安全的活检方法.     

超声引导下浅表淋巴结穿刺活检在临床诊断中的应用价值

目的探讨超声引导下穿刺活检技术对浅表淋巴结组织疾病病理诊断中的应用价值。方法回顾性分析我科接受超声引导下浅表淋巴结穿刺活检的144例患者的临床资料。穿刺靶淋巴结大小0.6cm×0.4cm~6.1cm×3.6cm。选用18 G、16 G穿刺针活检。结果使用18 G穿刺针活检者108例,使用16 G穿刺针活检者36例。每次穿刺组织条数2~6条,组织条大小0.5cm×0.1 cm×0.1 cm~2.0cm×0.1cm×0.1 cm。138例患者所取组织量可以满足组织病理学诊断,取材满意率为95.8%(138/144)。穿刺活检组织病理学结果:淋巴结良性病变41例;淋巴结恶性病变97例;取材不佳6例。严重并发症发生率为零。结论超声引导下浅表淋巴结穿刺活检技术具有实时、简便、有效、并发症少等优点,对临床上淋巴结的组织病理学诊断有很好的应用价值。     

超声引导粗针切割活检在四肢骨与软组织肿瘤中的诊断应用

目的探讨超声引导下粗针切割活检在四肢骨与软组织肿瘤诊断中的应用价值。方法超声引导下应用自动活检枪和18G或16G活检针对77例四肢骨与软组织肿瘤行切割活检,将活检病理结果与手术切除病理或临床综合诊断结果进行对比研究,判断粗针切割活检在四肢骨与软组织肿瘤诊断中的应用价值。结果粗针穿刺活检对四肢骨与软组织肿瘤良恶性分辨的诊断正确率为93.51%（72/77）,66.23%（51/77）能明确肿瘤的组织类型和分化程度,6.49%（5/77）的病例粗针穿刺活检不能明确肿瘤的良恶性。结论超声引导下粗针切割活检在四肢骨与软组织肿瘤的诊断中有较大的价值。     

Sonographically guided core-needle biopsy in the diagnosis of superficial lymphadenopathy

PURPOSE: This study was designed to evaluate the efficacy of ultrasound-guided percutaneous core-needle biopsy for establishing histopathologic diagnoses of palpable enlarged lymph nodes. METHODS: Thirty patients without a history of malignancy or recent infection underwent ultrasound-guided core-needle lymph node biopsies. Only patients with enlarged lymph nodes ranging from 1.5 to 3.5 cm in greatest diameter that had been present for more than 2 months were included in this study. Two cores from each lymph node were obtained by a freehand core-needle biopsy technique using a 7-MHz ultrasound transducer and an automatic spring-loaded biopsy gun with an 18-gauge cutting needle. RESULTS: The histologic diagnoses were conclusive in 24 cases (80%) and inconclusive in 6 cases (20%). In the 24 conclusive cases, the lymph node enlargement was due to benign causes in 12 cases and malignancy in 12 cases. All specimens in the conclusive cases were sufficient for histologic diagnosis, but there was insufficient material for a diagnosis in 3 of the inconclusive cases. No complications were seen in this series. CONCLUSIONS: Ultrasound-guided core-needle biopsy of enlarged lymph nodes is a safe, minimally invasive alternative to surgical biopsy, enabling a histologic diagnosis for treatment planning in most cases.     

疗前18F-FDG PET/CT对鼻咽癌颈部散在小淋巴结的临床诊断价值

目的 探讨疗前18F-FDG PET/CT对CT或MRI显示阴性的鼻咽癌颈部散在小淋巴结(最大横断面短径≥0.5 cm但<1 cm、包膜完整、无中央坏死)的临床诊断价值.方法 选取经病理组织学确诊、疗前CT或MRI检查可见颈部散在小淋巴结的初治鼻咽癌患者,进行头颈部或全身18F-FDG PET/CT检查;在超声引导下对散在小淋巴结进行细针穿刺活检.对比18F-FDG PET/CT显像及穿刺病理结果,计算18F-FDG PET/CT诊断符合率,分析18F-FDG PET/CT检查对N分期的影响.结果 2004年12月至2009年8月共30例患者进入本研究.根据CT或MRI诊断N0~3期分别为3例、13例、13例、1例.30例患者颈部共发现散在小淋巴结31枚,最大横断面短径为0.5~0.8 cm(中位0.6 cm);其中18F-FDG PET/CT显像阳性15枚,阴性16枚;穿刺病理结果显示,15枚显像阳性的小淋巴结中病理阳性13枚,阴性2枚;16枚显像阴性的小淋巴结病理均为阴性.18F-FDG PET/CT的诊断准确率、灵敏性和特异性分别为93.5%、100%和88.9%;阳性和阴性预测值分别为86.7%和100%.与基于CT或MRI的N分期比较,18F-FDG PET/CT检查示5例患者N分期升级.结论 疗前18F-FDG PET/CT检查用于诊断CT或MRI显示阴性的鼻咽癌颈部散在小淋巴结有较高的准确性,有助于鼻咽癌准确分期.     

超声对颈部浅表淋巴结良恶性鉴别诊断的价值

目的 探讨超声鉴别诊断颈部浅表淋巴结良恶性的价值。 方法 对 60例颈部浅表淋巴结肿大患者,根据手术及超声引导下穿刺活检结果分为良性淋巴结组和恶性淋巴结组,分析其超声图像特点。 结果 本组37例经手术病理确诊,23例经超声引导穿刺确诊。良性淋巴结组24例,恶性淋巴结组36例。75.00%(27/36)恶性淋巴结长径/短径比值(L/S)<2,75.00%(27/36)有淋巴结融合,淋巴门消失者占97.22%(35/36),血流分布呈周边型占55.56%(20/36)、混合型占19.44%(7/36),血流阻力指数(RI)为0.76±0.13,与良性淋巴结组比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。 结论 超声图像特征和超声引导下穿刺活检相结合,可以明显提高浅表淋巴结良恶性的鉴别诊断能力。     

比较超声引导下粗针与细针在经皮脾穿刺活检中的应用价值

目的比较超声引导下18G粗针与21G细针脾穿刺活检的安全性和有效性。方法53例行超声引导下脾穿刺活检的患者,局灶性病变35例,弥漫性病变18例。18G粗针组35例应用组织切割针配以自动活检枪;21G细针组18例应用手动活检针。结果46例明确了诊断,7例假阴性,准确率86.8%,2组比较进针次数和诊断准确率均有显著差异（P=0.017,P=0.037）;1例并发出血,2组比较并发症的发生率没有统计学差异。结论18G针和21G针行超声引导下经皮脾穿刺活检均安全。18G粗针活检能够获得较多而完整的组织条,诊断的准确率较高,是获得病理诊断的有效方法。     

US-guided percutaneous needle biopsy of the spleen using 18-gauge versus 21-gauge needles

PURPOSE: To compare the techniques of sonographically (US)-guided percutaneous needle biopsy of the spleen using 18-gauge and 21-gauge needles. METHODS: Forty-two patients undergoing 43 spleen biopsy procedures for focal lesions (n = 27 [16 single, 11 multiple]) or diffuse splenomegaly (n = 15) were analyzed. Two groups were divided randomly according to needle type: group 1 comprised 25 patients biopsied with an 18-gauge cutting needle for histologic examination; group 2 comprised 17 patients biopsied with a 21-gauge needle for histologic and cytologic examinations. Diagnostic accuracy, complication rate, and number of needle passes were compared between the 2 groups. RESULTS: Correct histopathologic diagnosis was obtained in 36 cases, whereas incorrect diagnosis occurred in 6 cases. The accuracy of US-guided spleen biopsy in this series was 85.7%, with 1 patient (2.4%) having postprocedural hemorrhage. Compared with the 21-gauge needle, the 18-gauge needle had higher diagnostic accuracy (P < 0.05), required fewer needle passes (P < 0.05), and there was no significant difference in overall complication rate. CONCLUSION: Because biopsy with an 18-gauge needle yields larger and unfragmented samples with higher diagnostic rate compared with a 21-gauge needle, and no increased rate of major complication requiring surgical intervention, it may be advantageous to use an 18-gauge cutting needle in the US-guided needle biopsy of splenic lesions.     

Sonographic features of axillary lymphadenopathy caused by Kikuchi disease.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to document the sonographic findings of axillary lymphadenopathy in Kikuchi disease. METHODS: The medical records and sonographic findings of 7 patients with a pathologic diagnosis of Kikuchi disease in the axillary lymph node by sonographically guided core needle biopsy (n=6) or excisional biopsy (n=1) were reviewed. On sonograms, lymph nodes were assessed for their distribution, size, shape, border, echogenicity, and internal architecture, and those sonographic features of each node were evaluated to determine whether the findings favored malignant or benign lymphadenopathy. RESULTS: Of the 7 patients (1 man and 6 women; mean age +/- SD, 34.3+/-7.7 years), 29 affected lymph nodes (5-38 mm; mean, 14.8+/-7.2 mm) were identified on sonograms. The sonographic characteristics were as follows: the shortest axis/longest axis ratio of the node (mean, 0.595) was 0.5 or greater in 22 nodes (76%); the border was sharp in 16 (55%); the cortex was hypoechoic in 20 (69%) and isoechoic in 9 (31%); the hilum was narrow in 1 (4%) and absent in 16 (55%); and cortical thickening was found in 13 (45%, concentric in 6 and eccentric in 7). Nineteen lymph nodes (66%) were classified as having malignant-favoring features, and 10 (34%) were classified as having benign-favoring features. CONCLUSIONS: Many axillary lymph nodes in Kikuchi disease look suspicious sonographically. When lymph nodes in the axilla show suspicious findings on sonograms of relatively young patients, Kikuchi disease can be considered a possible differential diagnosis, and image-guided percutaneous biopsy should be done.