ACTION OF ETHANOL AND SOME ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES ON GASTRIC ACID SECRETION IN ANAESTHETIZED RATS

The action of intragastric ethaool in various concentrationsequivalent to those found in alcoholic beverages (1.5–40%v/v), ethanol 96% (v/v) and of some commonly ingested alcoholicbeverages produced by alcoholic fermentation (beer, wine, champagne,martini and sherry) or by fermentation plus distillation (e.g.whisky, cognac, calvados, armagnac and rum) on gastric acidoutput (GAO) was studied in anaesthetized Wistar rats. Ethanolconcentrations of 1.5%, 4% and 10% v/v did not significantlyalter basal GAO, whereas all higher concentrations of ethanol(20%, 40% and 96% v/v) significantly (P < 0.05) and dose-dependentlydecreased the GAO. All alcoholic beverages produced by fermentationsignificantly increased GAO by 30–35% of maximal acidoutput (MAO; 48/ig/kg pentagastrin intramuscularly), whereasalcoholic beverage produced by fermentation plus distillationsignificantly decreased GAO as compared to control (isotonicglucose and distilled water). Glucose solutions to which yeastwas added, resulting in fermentation, were as potent stimuliof GAO as beer. Lyophilized fermented glucose at different concentrations(dilution of 1:20 to 1:1) dose-dependently stimulated GAO: thehighest dilution (1:20) had no effect, the 1:5 dilution significantlyincreased gastric acid secretion similarly to that of beer andfermented glucose. The highest concentration of lyophilizedfermented glucose (1:1) was as potent as the MAO after pentagastrin(90% of MAO). In conclusion, the present investigation showsfor the first time that, in rats: (1) ethanol in a concentration>10% v/v inhibits GAO; (2) lower ethanol concentrations (<10%v/v) do not alter GAO; (3) alcoholic beverages produced by fermentationbut not those produced by alcoholic fermentation plus distillationare powerful stimulants of GAO; (4) the stimulatory non-alcoholicingredients of these alcoholic beverages are most likely producedduring the process of fermentation of carbohydrates and removedduring the following process of distillation.     

THE ROLE OF HEPATITIS C VIRUS IN ALCOHOLIC LIVER DISEASE

Alcoholism is a major public health problem across the world.However, only a minority of individuals who abuse alcohol developsignificant liver injury. Interactions between alcohol and hepatotrophicviruses, particularly hepatitis C virus, have been recognizedfor some time. The aim of this review is to examine the seroprevalenceof hepatitis C virus in individuals who abuse alcohol, and todiscuss the association between hepatitis C virus infectionand the histopathological and clinical findings in this groupof patients. The possible pathogenesis of interaction betweenalcohol and hepatitis C virus is discussed briefly, and treatmentoptions are examined.     

双环醇治疗酒精性肝病32例临床观察

[目的]探讨双环醇治疗乙醇性肝病的临床效果。[方法]64例酒精性性肝病患者随机分为两组,对照组32例,仅给予戒酒、低脂肪、富营养饮食及口服肌苷片常规治疗,观察组32例,在上述基础上加用双环醇片(25～50mg,3次/d)口服;两组均连续用药8周,均未使用降酶药物。治疗前后进行肝功能的多项指标(ALT、AST、GGT、Alb、TBil)检查,评定肝功能变化。[结果]观察组总有效率96.4%,对照组78.3%,两组比较差异有统计学意义,P﹤0.05。观察组治疗后,患者肝功能指标ALT、AST、GGT、TBil明显降低、Alb增加,治疗前后比较差异均有统计学意义(分别P﹤0.01,P﹤0.05)。双环醇治疗期间未见不良反应。[结论]双环醇治疗酒精性性肝病效果好,不良反应少,临床值得推广。     

ROLE OF ESSENTIAL FATTY ACID DEFICIENCY IN DIETARY-INDUCED MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION

Rats fed complex infarct-producing diets appear to have adequate reserves of linoleates. Thus, it seems unlikely that a true deficiency of essential fatty acids is present.     

家庭护理干预对中青年高血压病患者生活质量的影响

目的探讨家庭护理干预对中青年高血压病患者生活质量的影响。方法选择经住院治疗缓解期出院的中青年高血压病患者80例,随机分为家庭护理干预组和对照组各40例,对照组采用常规治疗护理指导,干预组在此基础上同步针对生活质量影响因素,实施家庭护理干预。结果家庭护理干预组患者生活质量在躯体、心理情绪及总体生活质量等方面均显著高于对照组(p<0.01)。结论家庭护理干预能有效提高中青年高血压病患者的生活质量,平稳控制血压,延缓并发症的发生。     

酒精性肝病患者肠道中6种重要菌群的定量分析

目的对酒精性肝病患者肠道中大肠杆菌、粪球菌、乳杆菌、双歧杆菌、拟杆菌及柔嫩梭菌的含量变化进行定量分析,并就其与肝损伤的相互关系进行初步探讨。方法全自动生化分析仪检测健康人及酒精性肝病患者血清谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、谷草转氨酶(AST)及谷氨转肽酶(GGT)活力;ELISA实验检测血浆中肿瘤坏死因子(TNF-α)、白介素6(IL-6)、D乳酸(DAO)、二氨氧化酶(D-LA)和肠型脂肪酸结合蛋白(FABP2)水平;荧光实时定量PCR技术对粪便中上述6种重要菌群进行定量分析。结果随着肝功能损害程度的加剧、饮酒史及饮酒量的增加,酒精性肝病患者血清ALT、AST、GGT活力,及血浆TNF-α、IL-6、DAO、D-LA和FABP2水平均较健康人群组及各自对应组有不同程度升高(P0.05)。粪便中双歧杆菌和拟杆菌含量均明显降低(P0.05),而大肠杆菌、粪球菌、乳杆菌和柔嫩梭菌含量有所改变,但未见显著性差异(P0.05)。结论肠道微生态失调在酒精性肝病发生发展过程中发挥重要作用,其作用机制可能与酗酒导致肠道中双歧杆菌和拟杆菌等肠道菌群生长受到抑制有关。     

酒精性肝病患者血浆内毒素水平检测及临床意义

目的　检测不同阶段酒精性肝病患者的外周血内毒素水平 ,探讨此类肝病患者内毒素血症的发病情况 ,以指导治疗。方法　选择酒精性脂肪肝、酒精性肝炎、酒精性肝硬化患者与正常对照组 ,4组共 98例。测外周血浆内毒素定量。结果　酒精性脂肪肝、酒精性肝炎、酒精性肝硬化内毒素血症的发病率分别为 1 2 1 2 %、55 55 %及68 0 1 % ,高于正常对照组 (9 0 0 % ) ,酒精性肝炎、酒精性肝硬化与正常对照组比较差异显著 (P <0 .0 1 )。酒精性脂肪肝、酒精性肝炎、酒精性肝硬化血浆内毒素含量较正常对照组相比升高 ,后二者同正常对照组比较差异显著 (P <0 .0 1 )。结论　酒精性肝病患者内毒素血症发病率增高 ,纠正内毒素血症治疗 ,对酒精性肝病恢复有重要作用     

ROLE OF ZINC IN ENZYME REGULATION AND PROTECTION OF ESSENTIAL THIOL GROUPS

Zinc protects essential thiol groups from air oxidation in some enzymes and also plays a key role at active sites of classic zinc metalloenzymes.     

ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION AND THE PERCEIVED SITUATIONAL APPROPRIATENESS OF CONSUMING DIFFERENT TYPES OF ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES

Based on a 1986 national probability sample of 2401 Americansaged 21 years and over (1069 of whom were deemed ‘drinkers’on the basis of having drunk at least one alcoholic beveragein the past seven days), this study analyses the relationshipbetween respondents' perceptions of how appropriate it is toconsume either beer, wine, distilled spirits, or wine coolersin each of six social contexts (namely, at a bar, at a bailgame,‘when the party's really rolling’, at a celebration,as a perfect complement to a nice dinner, and after a particularlyrough, i.e. difficult, day) and subsequent alcohol consumptionby these same individuals. It was hypothesized that people who considered it appropriateto drink a given beverage type would drink more of that beveragethan those individuals who deemed consumption of that type ofalcohol to be inappropriate. Results indicated that this isvalid for certain of the social occasions, in terms of the useof beer, distilled spirits and wine. Wine cooler consumption,however, was found to be unrelated to people's perceptions ofhow appropriate it is to drink in different social situations.     

URINARYN EXCRETION OF TETRAHYDRO-{beta}-CARBOLINES RELATING TO INGESTION OF ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES

Tetrahydro-ß-carbohnes. formed from aldehydes andtryptaminc. have been suggested as potential biochemical markersfor alcoholism. The excretion of 1-methyl-1.2.3.4-tctrahydro-ß-carbolinc(MTBC) and 1.2.3.4 [EC] -tetrahydro-ß-carbohne (TBC) inhuman urine was studied to assess their possible origin. Inurine collected after a drinking party. MTBC and TBC were excretedin significantly higher concentrations compared with sobriety.MTBC and TBC were contained in beer and wine at ng/ml levels,but not in distillate alcoholic beverages such as whisky, brandy,gin. etc The urinary excretion of MTBC and TBC was elevatedafter drinking beer, whereas no change was observed after drinkingwhisky. When a human subject was orally administered with dcuteratedL-tryptophan together with drinking whisky, deuterated tryptaminewas increasingly excreted in urine. However, no increase wasfound in urinary deuterated MTBC. These results indicate thatthe urinary excretion of MTBC and TBC associated with alcoholingestion does not imply promotion of their in vivo formation,but the exogenous supply of MTBC and TBC by drinking alcoholicbeverages containing them.     

高血压患者颈动脉粥样硬化影响因素分析

[目的]探讨脉压、尿酸、高敏C反应蛋白、血糖对原发性高血压(EH)患者颈动脉粥样硬化的影响。[方法]入选EH患者156例,正常血压对照组150例,对两组的相关临床资料、颈动脉内中膜厚度、颈动脉斑块的发生情况进行分析比较。[结果](1)高血压组患者颈动脉斑块检出率明显高于正常血压组,分别为41.79%和24.62%(χ2=4.38,P﹤0.01)。(2)多因素分析:高血压组患者颈动脉内中膜厚度随着脉压、尿酸、高敏C反应蛋白、血糖的增加而增加。[结论]高血压患者易发生颈动脉粥样硬化,且与心血管病危险因素有关。     

原发性高血压病患者血清中HMGB1的表达

[目的]通过检测高迁移率组蛋白B1(High mobilitygroup protein B1,HMGB1)在原发性高血压病患者血清中的表达水平,探讨其表达差异在其发病中的意义。[方法]采用酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)检测50例高血压不伴靶器官损害、62例高血压伴靶器官损害以及45例健康体检者血清中HMGB1的浓度。[结果]高血压病患者血清HMGB1水平均显著高于健康对照组,高血压伴靶器官损害组患者血清中HMGB1的水平明显高于高血压不伴靶器官损害组。[结论]从3组患者血清HMGB1的表达差异,推测HMGB1可能作为一种重要的炎症介质参与了高血压病的发生与发展过程。     

MODERATE DOSES OF ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES WITH DINNER AND POSTPRANDIAL HIGH DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN COMPOSITION

Moderate alcohol consumption is associated with a reduced riskof coronary heart disease. In this study, postprandial changesin plasma lipids, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) compositionand cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) and lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) activity levels were investigatedin response to moderate alcohol consumption. A dose of 40 gof alcohol was consumed as beer, wine or spints by eight healthymiddle-aged men before and during dinner thus simulating socialdrinking. Lipid parameters were studied before, and at 1, 3,5, 9, and 13 h after dinner. An alcohol- induced elevation ofplasma triglycerides was observed at 3 and 5 h after dinner,but total plasma cholesterol and apolipoprotein B were hardlyaffected. HDL lipids changed during the postprandial phase afteralcohol consumption, HDL triglycerides were elevated at 5 and9 h, RDL phospholipids were elevated at 9 and 13 h, and HDLcholesterol was elevated at 13 h. A 6% increase in the concentrationof apolipoprotein A-II was observed at 13 h. Plasma LCAT activitywas slightly increased 9 h after dinner, but CETP activity levelswere not affected. The LCAT changes appeared similar for allthree alcoholic beverages. It is concluded that moderate alcoholconsumption with dinner affects plasma triglyceride concentrationas well as HDL composition.     

CHANGES IN THE ACTIVATION OF RED BLOOD CELL TRANSKETOLASE OF ALCOHOLIC PATIENTS DURING TREATMENT

Erythrocyte transketolase activation by thiamin diphosphatehas been studied in alcoholic patients on admission and aftertreatment, which included vitamin therapy. The high proportionof the patients who showed an abnormal activation of transketolase,not only by 0·3 mM thiamin diphosphate but also furtheractivation by increasing the thiamin diphosphate to 3 mM, wasreduced considerably after treatment. A few patients, however,still showed continuing abnormalities even after treatment.Further study of the enzyme activation in vitro confirmed thepresence of an enzyme variant, abnormal both in the ease withwhich the thiarnin diphosphate could be removed and in requiringa high concentration of thiamin diphosphate for activation.Since the modified transketolase activation test appears notonly to monitor the effectiveness of thiamin therapy but alsoindependently to warn of persisting enzyme abnormalities, itcould prove to be of general use in alcohol detoxification units.     

依折麦布对原发性高血压患者尿微量白蛋白和动脉粥样硬化的影响

目的观察依折麦布对无脂代谢紊乱的原发性高血压患者尿白蛋白/肌酐及动脉粥样硬化的影响。方法原发性高血压患者100例随机分为单用常规降压药物组(常规组,n=47)和常规降压药物+依折麦布(10～20 mg/d,睡前)组(联合组,n=53)。所有入选患者均在入选及随机治疗后10个月各测一次血压、尿白蛋白/肌酐、颈动脉内膜中层厚度(IMT)及冠状动脉钙化积分(CS),对比分析组内治疗前后上述指标变化和两组间的差异。结果①常规组和联合组治疗前后收缩压和舒张压均有显著下降,分别为(165.3±10.2)、(91.4±7.2)vs(132.6±8.8)、(84.5±5.1)mmHg和(164.6±9.5)、(90.5±5.7)vs(127.1±8.2)、(80.1±4.9)mmHg;联合组治疗后血压下降幅度较常规组大[(36.6±3.5)、(10.5±1.6)vs(33.1±2.2)、(6.5±1.3)mmHg,p<0.05]。②联合组治疗10个月后,尿白蛋白/肌酐、颈动脉内膜中层厚度及冠状动脉钙化积分均有显著下降,分别为[(31.5±21.7)vs(23.1±19.7)mg/g、(0.94±0.31)vs(0.83±0.27)mm和(2.34±2.12)vs(1.70±1.67),p<0.01];而常规组治疗10个月后,尿白蛋白/肌酐、颈动脉内膜中层厚度及冠状动脉钙化积分CS与治疗前相比差异无统计学意义(p>0.05)。结论在应用常规降压药物基础上加用依折麦布可使原发性高血压患者尿白蛋白/肌酐、颈动脉内膜中层厚度及冠状动脉钙化积分明显下降并进一步降低血压。     

ALCOHOLIC HOUSEWIVES AND ROLE SATISFACTION

Three groups of housewives adhering to strict inclusion criteriawere compared along several variables. The groups were patientswith non-alcoholic liver disease (N = 19), alcoholic liver disease(N = 15) and alcoholics attending a community treatment centre(N = 13). The study confirms the differences between alcoholicswho develop liver disease from those who do not. There was astrong relationship between dissatisfaction with the role ofhousewife and severity of alcoholism.     

健康教育在高血压脑出血患者康复中的应用

医院健康教育是贯穿于患者入院到出院的各个阶段,成为检验整体护理效果、评价整体护理质量的重要指标[1].我们通过对42例高血压脑出血患者进行个性化多样化健康教育,取得了满意的效果.     

社区高血压患者应用可乐定透皮贴剂的降压疗效分析

[目的] 评价可乐定透度贴剂(C-TTS)的降压疗效. [方法] 在社区中选取1 320例1、2级原发性高血压患者,给C-TTS 1贴,贴于左胸上部,每7 d更换1次.在治疗期间,954例使用1贴,132例加用至2贴,共观察坐位血压3个月. [结果] 954例患者仅用l贴C-TTS血压就降至目标血压,132例患者使用2贴血压得到有效控制,总有效率为82.3%.治疗后平均血压明显降低(P<0.05),患者使用C-TTS方便性的满意度和对治疗的依从性为94.1%. [结论] C-TTS能持续有效降低24 h血压,治疗依从性好,副作用少.     

A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF ALCOHOLIC PATIENTS IN JOS, NIGERIA, AND IN CASTROP-RAUXEL, GERMANY

A comparative study of the incidence of alcoholism and 175 associatedpsychopathological disorders, in 202 patients, was conductedin Castrop-Rauxel, F.R.G., and in Jos, Nigeria. The resultsof the study indicate that in relative terms the involvementof the females (36.6%) in Castrop-Rauxel was well over doublethe number in Jos (11.9%). The pattern of alcoholism in Joswas associated more with gradual personality deterioration ratherthan with the more frequent delirium tremens found in Castrop-Rauxel.The rate of hallucinosis and schizophrenifocm psychosis in Castrop-Rauxelwere found to be more than double the incidence in Jos. Casesof depressive psychoses and suicidal ideas in Jos were doublethe incidence established in Castrop-Rauxel. A comparison ofthe gamma-GT of the two centres showed that in Jos 88.1% ofthe patients had pathological serum values compared with 61.4%in Castrop-Rauxel. This points to a higher frequency of liverimpairment in the Jos cohort The enzyme constellation establishedin this work is in correlation with clinical experience in Josof a relatively higher level of terminal liver disease (cirrhosis)in patients with a history of alcohol misuse.