先天性胆管囊状扩张症8例超声诊断及误诊分析

先天性胆管囊状扩张症属罕见疾病。笔者就8例患者超声诊断和误诊原因分析如下。1临床资料1.1一般资料本组男3例,女5例,年龄3~41(平均16.5)岁。临床表现右上腹痛6例;无症状体检中发现2例。查体:肝、脾增大3例,肝大1例,腹水征阳性1例,肝区叩击痛6例,体检正常1例。化验检查:白细胞总数或中性粒细胞分类增高5例,血沉增快4例,黄疸指数增高4例,血清总蛋白减少并清、球蛋白比倒置2例;化验正常3例。1.2误诊情况1例先天性胆总管囊状扩张癌变误诊为先天性胆总管囊状扩张合并炎症,2例肝内胆管囊状扩张(C aro li氏病)误诊为肝脏多发性囊肿,1例先天性胆总管囊状扩张症合并炎症误诊为肝脓肿。1.3检查方法使用西门子公司G-20超声诊断仪,GE公司V iv id-7彩色多普勒超声诊断仪,使用探头频率2~5MH z。患者空腹平卧或左侧卧位,肠内气体干扰常显示不清晰,可采取口服葡萄糖溶液的方法(检查前口服50%葡萄糖溶液20 m l,待30m in后,饮水300 m l进行检查)。其中5例做了PTC,2例做了ERCP,1例做了M RCP。2结果8例患者中,胆总管囊肿5例,肝内胆管囊肿2例,肝内外胆管多发囊肿1例。4例超...     

先天性胆管扩张症45例影像学诊断分析

目的通过与磁共振胆胰管成像(MRCP)对照分析45例先天性胆管扩张症的超声声像图特征及漏诊原因。方法对45例先天性胆管扩张症的超声(US)与MRCP检查结果进行对照分析。结果本组病例超声检查正确诊断率为91.1%。先天性胆管扩张症的超声声像图表现根据胆管扩张形态、累及范围分为:胆总管囊性扩张型(Ⅰ型)(84.4%),肝内、外胆管扩张型(Ⅳ型)(13.3%),肝内胆管囊性扩张型(Ⅴ型)(2.2%)。结论Ⅰ型先天性胆管扩张症因表现为典型超声声像图特征,故其诊断符合率较高(97.4%);Ⅳ型肝内、外胆管轻度不规则扩张及Ⅴ型肝内胆管多发囊性扩张,超声诊断易漏、误诊为肝内、外扩张及肝多发囊肿。     

MRI及MRCP在先天性胆管囊肿及合并症中的诊断价值

目的探讨磁共振成像（MRI）及磁共振胆胰管成像（MPCP）对先天性胆管囊肿及其合并症的诊断价值。方法回顾性分析29例经病理证实的先天性胆管囊肿患者的MRI及MRCP影像表现。结果29例先天性胆管囊肿,10例Ib型,7例Ic型表现为仅限于胆总管局限性扩张,MRCP示扩张胆总管与胆管树相通。10例IV型,2例V型表现为肝外和／或肝内及仅限于肝内多发胆管扩张,MRCP示胆管树呈多发大小不等囊柱状。合并结石7例,Ib型4例,IV型3例,表现为胆管内单发和／或多发边界清楚无强化灶。合并肿瘤3例,IV型及V型合并胆管癌各1例,表现为扩张胆管壁内强化结节;1例Ib型合并胆囊癌伴肝内多发转移。1例V型合并闭锁表现为扩张胆总管远端中断。1例VI型合并胰腺炎。MRI及MRCP能准确地做出胆管囊肿的诊断并能进行准确的分型,定位,定位准确率达100％,并能清楚显示胆管囊肿的合并症。结论MRI及MRCP检查在先天性胆管囊肿的诊断及显示其合并症中具有重要的价值。     

成人先天性胆管囊状扩张症的诊治体会

目的探讨成人先天性胆管囊状扩张症的诊断及治疗方法。方法回顾性分析我院1986-2008年收治的成人先天性胆管囊状扩张症46例的I临床资料。结果46例中具有典型临床表现（腹痛、黄疸、腹部包块）者仅11例。45例检查辅以BUS、CT、ERCP、MRCP获确诊,误诊为“胰腺假性囊肿”1例,确诊率为97．8％。其中35例行囊肿切除,肝胆空肠ROUX—EN—Y形吻合胆道重建术。40例手术后早期恢复,无手术死亡病例。结论成人先天性胆管囊状扩张症仅靠临床表现不易确诊,应辅以影像学检查能明确诊断,手术以采用“囊肿切除肝管空肠ROUX—EN—Y形吻合胆道重建术为根治性术式。     

彩色多普勒超声对先天性胆总管囊状扩张症13例的观察

先天性胆总管囊状扩张症是胆管系统先天性发育异常导致胆管扩张或形成囊肿.随着现代化医疗设备的应用,双功能彩色多普勒超声已广泛应片j并对本病的诊断有重要意义.本文回顾总结了4年多来彩色多普勒超声诊断先天性胆总管囊状扩张症13例,并经CT检查、临床手术和病理证实,报道如下.     

先天性胆总管囊状扩张症11例超声诊断体会

先天性胆总管囊状扩张症较少见,临床上对此认识不多。现将１１例先天性胆总管囊性扩张症的超声诊断情况报告如下。１临床资料 本组 １１例均系我院 １９９６年２月～１９９９年２月的手术住院患者。年龄最小１个月,最大３７岁,平均２２．６岁。男３例,女８例。应用Ａｌｏｋａ－１２００型线阵及凸阵超声显像仪,探头频率为３．５ＭＨ２,检查前成人患者禁食８～１０ｈ,小儿禁食４～６ｈ。 １１例胆总管囊状扩张症均经手术证实,其中９例术前Ｂ超检查结果与手术结果相同,１例误诊为肝门部囊肿,１例误诊为胰腺囊肿,Ｂ超诊断符合率为８…     

B型超声诊断先天性胆管囊状扩张症

先天性胆管囊状扩张症又称先天性胆管囊肿,以往主要根据临床表现、胆道造影、钡餐检查等方法进行诊断:近年来,由于B超的广泛应用,它已成为术前诊断的主要方法。本文对经手术、病理证实的先天性胆管囊状扩张症21例进行回顾性分析,报告如下。     

B超诊断先天性胆管囊状扩张症(附13例报告)

先天性胆管囊状扩张症是一种常染色体隐性遗传病,临床往往误诊。本科从1993年12月～1999年10月共诊断先天性胆管囊状扩张症13例,为提高对本病的诊断水平报告如下。     

超声诊断先天性胆管囊肿及临床意义

目的分析探讨超声对先天性胆管囊肿的诊断价值及临床意义。方法回顾性分析经手术证实的17例先天性胆管囊肿的临床表现及超声表现。所有病例均经手术及病理证实。结果肝外胆总管囊肿14例,混合性2例,肠系膜囊肿误诊为肝外胆总管囊肿1例。结论超声诊断先天性胆管囊肿具有简便、经济、准确性高、可重复检查等优点。     

肝内胆管囊状扩张误诊为胆管细胞癌1例MRI分析

肝内胆管囊性扩张属于胆管囊状扩张的第V型,也称Caroil disease。一般认为是由于先天性胆管壁发育不良、胆道不同程度阻塞,引起胆管内压增高、增大,形成的囊状扩张。现将病理诊断的肝内胆管囊状扩张误诊为胆管细胞癌1例MRI分析如下。     

23例先天性胆管囊性扩张症的诊疗分析

目的总结先天性胆管囊性扩张症的临床诊疗经验。方法回顾性分析该院1997年3月至2008年3月诊治的23例先天性胆管囊性扩张症病例的诊疗过程及随访结果。结果大部分患者临床表现不典型,具有典型的腹痛、黄疸和腹部包块三联征者仅占4.35%;B超诊断率为78.26%,CT、磁共振胰胆管造影(MRCP)和经内镜逆行胆胰管造影(ERCP)诊断率均为100%;手术以囊肿切除加胆道重建为主,全组无手术重大并发症病例,随访4个月至3年,无术后癌变病例。结论先天性胆管囊性扩张症诊断依靠影像学资料,B超可用于筛查,术前检查推荐MRCP,ERCP不作首选;治疗依靠外科手术,手术方式以囊肿切除加胆道重建为基本原则。     

胆道蛔虫的超声诊断价值

目的探讨超声对胆道蛔虫的诊断价值。方法分析54例胆道蛔虫病患者的胆道声像图特点。结果胆道蛔虫成活或虫体完整20例,术前超声检出17例,声像图示肝外胆管呈不同程度扩张,其内有一条或多条2～5mm宽的双线状强回声;超声漏诊2例胆总管内蛔虫,1例胆囊内蛔虫因合并多发结石。胆道蛔虫残骸者34例,超声检出27例,声像图示蛔虫体逐渐变得模糊,层次消失,仅可见节段性的等号状强回声;漏诊2例因合并胆管癌,5例因合并胆总管结石或胆囊结石,蛔虫残骸与癌肿、结石回声重叠。结论超声检查对胆道蛔虫有较高的诊断价值。     

肝外胆管癌的超声诊断价值

目的探讨肝外胆管癌的超声诊断价值及漏误诊原因。方法结合手术病理结果,分析肝外胆管癌的声像图特点,总结其超声漏误诊原因。结果86例肝外胆管癌,位于肝门部39例,其中肿块型25例,非肿块型14例;超声诊断正确36例,诊断正确率为92．3％。位于胆总管47例,其中胆管逐渐变窄型21例,管壁不规则增厚型18例,肿块型8例;超声诊断正确41例,诊断正确率为89．3％。超声诊断肝外胆管癌共77例,诊断正确率为89．5％,漏误诊9例,漏误诊率为10．5％。结论超声能较准确地判断胆管癌的形态、大小及周围淋巴结肿大等异常回声,对治疗方案的制定有一定意义。     

Ultrasound detection of choledocholithiasis: Prospective comparison with ERCP in the postcholecystectomy patient

The role of ultrasound as a screening test for choledocholithiasis was prospectively assessed by comparing the results of upper abdominal ultrasound with direct cholangiography in 59 unselected symptomatic postcholecystectomy patients. Ultrasound detected duct stones in 13 of 29 patients (sensitivity, 45%) and their absence in 29 of 30 (specificity, 97%). A positive ultrasound diagnosis of choledocholithiasis was correct 13 times out of 14 (predictive value, 93%) whereas a negative diagnosis was correct on only 29 of 45 occasions (predictive value, 64%). No significant learning effect was seen. Intestinal gas obscuring the distal common duct was the most important factor limiting the ability of ultrasound to detect duct stones. Duct stones were present in 25 of 35 patients shown to have a dilated common duct on ultrasound, and in 4 of 24 with nondilated ducts; the predictive value of duct dilatation at ultrasound for duct stones was therefore 71% and that of nondilatation in excluding stones was 83%. Dilated intrahepatic bile ducts were demonstrated at ultrasound in only 17% of patients with choledocholithiasis. We conclude that ultrasound cannot reliably diagnose or exclude bile duct stones and is an inadequate screening test for the symptomatic postcholecystectomy patient.     

Fibropolycystic diseases of the liver and bile ducts--a case report and review of the literature

A case of congenital cystic dilatation of the intrahepatic bile ducts (Caroli's disease) is reported. This 20-year-old patient presented also with congenital hepatic fibrosis, fusiform dilatation of the common bile duct and cysts of the liver parenchyma, accompanied by medullary sponge kidneys. The dominant clinical feature was recurrent septic cholangitis. Clinical picture, as well as the diagnostic and therapeutic problems of the individual entities of hepatobiliary fibropolycystic disease are discussed. Although these belong to a family of closely related malformations, whereby involvement of different anatomic levels varies from case to case, such a complex combination as in this patient has not, to our knowledge, been reported before.     

超声造影在低位胆道梗阻诊断中的应用价值

【目的】探讨超声造影在低位胆道梗阻诊断中的应用价值。【方法】回顾性分析53例低位胆道梗阻病例的超声造影诊断结果,并与病理结果及 CT 诊断结果比较,分析超声造影对低位胆道梗阻的诊断符合率。【结果】53例中有25例病理诊断为恶性病例,其中超声造影确诊24例,敏感性为92.3%;CT 检查38例,其中病理诊断为恶性病例18例,CT 确诊9例,敏感性为50%;超声造影与 CT 检查对低位胆道梗阻恶性病变的敏感性存在统计学差异。【结论】超声造影对低位胆道梗阻的定性诊断具有一定的应用价值,可为低位胆道梗阻的定性诊断提供可靠的信息。     

MRCP联合MRI在胆系结石术前检查中的价值

目的:探讨MRI结合磁共振胰胆管水成像(MRCP)技术在胆系结石术前诊断中的价值。材料与方法:115例超声诊断为胆结石的患者均行MRI和MRCP检查。结果:115例患者中,单纯性胆囊结石85例,单纯性肝管结石8例,胆囊结石伴胆管结石19例,胆总管囊肿伴结石1例,先天性无胆囊1例,急性单纯性胰腺炎1例。结论:MRI结合MRCP对胆系的先天发育异常是重要适应症,对于胆系结石的有无、大小、形态、数目、梗阻部位和胆管扩张的程度提供了可靠的诊断依据。     

先天性胆管囊状扩张症的影像学诊断(重点讨论CT诊断)

本文对２５例先天性胆管囊状扩张症根据ＣＴ表现分为三种类型：１）肝内型；２）肝外型；３）混合型。肝内型具有特征性ＣＴ表现为扩张呈囊状的胆管将门静脉分支包绕，在增强ＣＴ或胆道造影ＣＴ均可显示出“中心圆点。征象。肝外型囊壁见突出腔内结节时为癌变征象。ＣＴ对本病的显示准确率达１００％。对照其它影像检查方法，作者认为：超声对本病也有重要诊断价值；Ｘ线胆道造影诊断价值不大；ＥＲＣＰ和ＰＴＣ为痛苦性检查方法，提     

Improved sonographic visualization of choledocholithiasis

Ultrasonographic diagnosis of gallstones in the distal part of extrahepatic duct is not easy. A number of new techniques have been used by the authors to improve the detection rate of these stones. They include filling the duodenum and gastric antrum with drinking water, scanning after a fatty meal, and changing the patient's position during scanning. Ultrasound successfully identified choledocholithiasis in 78 of 104 patients for a sensitivity of 75%. There were 26 false-negative cases. The chief causes of the false negatives were obscuration of the distal duct by overlying bowel gas, missing of small stone in a nondilated bile duct, and misdiagnosis of soft pigment or an impacted stone having an atypical hypoechoic image in the distal duct as a tumor. False-positive diagnosis occurred in 32 out of 188 noncalculous cases, giving a specificity of 83%. These cases represent various hyperechoic lesions in the neck of gallbladder, cystic duct, and periampullary region. The overall diagnostic accuracy of gallstones in the extrahepatic bile duct by ultrasound was 80% (234/292).