甲型H1N1流感重症患者72例流行病学及临床特征分析

甲型H1N1流感是由新型甲型H1N1流感病毒株引起的一种新发呼吸道传染病,我国内地于2009年5月11日报告首例甲型H1N1流感确诊病例,之后国内多个省市陆续发现甲型H1N1流感确诊病例,     

30例甲型H1N1流感的流行病学及临床特征分析

甲型H1N1流感是由新型甲型H1N1流感病毒株引起的一种新发呼吸道传染病,我国内地于2009年5月11日报告首例甲型H1N1流感确诊病例,之后国内多个省市陆续发现甲型H1N1流感确诊病例。宁波市于7月上旬出现疫情,至今已报告400余例,为探讨本地区甲型H1N1流感临床特点和流行病学特征,现对宁波市传染病医院收治的30例甲型H1N1流感患者进行分析,以期为其治疗和防控提供科学依据。结果报告如下。     

浙江省象山半岛甲型H1N1流感流行病学分析

甲型H1N1流感是一种新型呼吸道传染病,传播力强,涉及面广,2009年6月11日,WHO宣布将甲型H1N1流感大流行警告级别提升为6级,全球进入流感大流行阶段。浙江省象山县在2009年9月8日确诊首例甲型H1N1流感病例后,截止2010年7月30日,累计报告甲型H1N1流感确诊病例184例,为全面了解甲型H1N1流感的流行规律,为传染病防控提供科学依据,现将结果报告如下。     

武汉市某高校学生甲型H1N1流感KAP调查

甲型H1N1,流感为急性呼吸道传染病,对甲型H1N1流感病毒普遍易感.中国已将甲型H1N1,流感纳入<中华人民共和国传染病防治法>规定的乙类传染病,并采取甲类传染病的预防、控制措施[1].2009年秋冬季,该疫情在中国扩散,湖北省当年累计报告甲型H1N1流感确诊病例2 032例[2],高校学生是甲型H1N1流感防控的重点人群.     

甲型H1N1流感确诊病例密切接触者的护理

目前已证实有甲型H1N1流感病毒在人际间传染的病例,其传染途径与季节性流感类似,通常是通过感染者咳嗽和打喷嚏等：中国卫生部2009年4月30日发布2009年第8号公告,明确将甲型H1N1流感（原称人感染猪流感）纳入传染病防治法规定管理的乙类传染病,并采取甲类传染病的预防、控制措施。甲型H1N1流感密切接触者是指在未采取有效防护情况下接触传染期甲型H1N1流感病例的人群,具体包括：诊断、治疗或护理、探视甲型H1N1流感病例的人员;与病例共同生活或有过近距离接触的人员;或直接接触过病例的呼吸道分泌物、体液：或可能暴露于病例污染的环境或物体的人员等。本文通过对17例甲型H1N1流感确诊病例密切接触者的护理回顾分析,旨在对甲型H1N1流感确诊病例密切接触者的思想情绪做到心中有数,能够及时采取有效措施应对紧急情况。     

深圳市龙岗区甲型H1N1流感疫情分析

目的了解甲型H1N1流感的流行病学特征。方法对2009年5月1日至2010年4月30日中国疾病监测信息报告管理系统和深圳市疾病控制信息管理系统所报告的深圳市龙岗区甲型H1N1流感病例和暴发疫情数据进行汇总分析。结果 2009年5月1日至2010年4月30日,深圳市龙岗区累计报告甲型H1N1流感确诊病例458例,年报告发病率为10.59/10万,其中重症及危重症病例57例（包括死亡3例）,病死率为0.66%;男女发病比例为1.35∶1,病例主要集中在4～14岁（264例,占57.64%）,学生为高发人群（243例,占53.06%）,2009年9—12月为高发季节（412例,占89.96%）。自2009年8月至2010年4月,累计报告63起甲型H1N1流感暴发疫情,其中学校及幼托机构58起（92.06%）,暴发高峰为9—11月（54起,占85.71%）;共报告流感样病例820例,甲型H1N1流感确诊病例163例（学校145例,88.96%）。自2009年8月13日开始进行甲型H1N1流感病毒核酸检测,阳性检出率为36.11%（230/637）。2009年9月至2010年1月甲型H1N1流感病毒为流感检测的优势病毒株。结论中小学生为甲型H1N1流感的高危人群,及时的疫苗接种和学校暴发疫情的规范处置是有效预防和控制甲型H1N1流感扩散与蔓延的关键措施。     

一起学校甲型H1N1流感爆发疫情分析

甲型H1N1流感是甲型流感病毒引起的一种急性人畜共患呼吸道传染病。2009年9月6日-10月1日,我县某中学发生甲型H1N1流感爆发疫情,现报告如下。     

朝阳市2009年甲型H1N1流感疫情分析

中国于2009年5月11日在四川省出现首例确诊甲型H1N1流感.(以下简称甲流)病例,辽宁省于6月10日出现首例输入性病例,辽宁省朝阳市于9月12日传人第1例病例,9月30日出现第1例本地确诊病例,无甲型H1N1流感接触史,至12月末,共确诊甲型H1N1流感病例95例.为进一步了解朝阳市甲型H1N1流感疫情特征,及时为流感疫情防制提供科学依据,本研究将经过实验室核酸检测的410例流感样病例、甲型H1N1流感流行期间监测的222例病例及800份健康人群甲型H1N1流感感染状况血清学调查结果进行了分析.结果报告如下.     

甲型H1N1流感病毒实验室风险评估

2009年3月底,甲型H1N1流感(当时称为猪流感)首先在墨西哥和美国加利福尼亚州、得克萨斯州出现,并引起传播.5月,WHO将这种新型流感病毒命名为新甲型H1N1流感病毒(novel H1N1 influenza),6月11日正式将警戒级别提升至6级,即宣布流感大流行已经发生.此次流感为一种新型呼吸道传染病,其病原为新甲型H1N1流感病毒株,病毒基因中包含有猪流感、禽流感和人流感3种流感病毒的基因片段.     

甲型H1N1流感拉响警报

自2009年3月底4月初开始,一种叫做甲型H1N1流感的传染病在墨西哥和美国相继爆发。在短短半个月时间内,墨西哥确认和疑似甲型H1N1流感病例约2500人,其中仅疑似甲型H1N1流感的死亡病例就达176人;美国也出现了1例死亡病例。除墨西哥、美国外,甲型H1N1流感已经波及加拿大、哥伦比亚、哥斯达黎加、英国、法国、西班牙,瑞士、韩国、以色列、新西兰等二十多个国家。5月11日,中国内地报告首例甲型H1N1流感确诊病例。     

H1N1 vaccination

Early results (January to April) from the 2010 Canadian Community Health Survey show that an estimated 41% of Canadians (excluding those in the territories) aged 12 or older had been vaccinated for H1N1 by April 2010. The percentages were higher in the Atlantic provinces, Quebec and Saskatchewan than in Canada overall. Relatively high percentages of females and people aged 45 or older were vaccinated; the percentage of immigrants who had done so was relatively low. Being in a priority group (health-care worker, having children younger than 5 in the household, or having a chronic condition that could increase the risk for complications from H1N1) increased the likelihood of vaccination. A history of seasonal flu vaccination and having a regular doctor were also associated with H1N1 vaccination. Nearly three-quarters of those who had not been vaccinated reported that they did not think it was necessary.     

被动吸烟与cyp1b1、gstp1、sult1a1基因多态性对乳腺癌发病的影响

目的 探讨被动吸烟、cyp1b1、gstp1、sult1a1基因多态性及其联合作用对乳腺癌发病的影响。方法 2014 - 2015年间,采用病例-对照研究方法,收集病例794例,对照805例。问卷调查收集研究对象信息。采用飞行质谱技术,进行cyp1b1、gstp1、sult1a1基因单核苷酸多态性分型检测。采用多因素非条件 logistic 回归,分析环境烟草烟雾暴露及cyp1b1、gstp1、sult1a1基因多态性与乳腺癌发病风险的关系。结果 调整年龄、教育程度、家庭年总收入、职业、婚姻状况后,环境烟草烟雾暴露与gstp1基因多态性未发现协同作用。以环境烟草烟雾低暴露且携带 cyp1b1 rs1056836 C等位基因为参照,环境烟草烟雾高暴露且携带 GG 基因在绝经前女性中乳腺癌风险明显增高（OR = 1.678,95%CI:1.039～2.711）。以环境烟草烟雾组合低暴露且携带sult1a1 rs9282861GG基因型为参照,环境烟草烟雾高暴露且携带A等位基因绝经前乳腺癌风险明显增高（OR = 2.389,95%CI:1.157～4.931）,但交互作用系数无统计学意义。结论 环境烟草烟雾高暴露与cyp1b1 及sult1a1基因对乳腺癌发病风险可能存在协同作用,但尚扩大样本进行验证。     

Echo-AM1-1 encephaloscope]

A new miniature model of the A-mode ultrasonic echoencephaloscope, 0.88 MHz, has been developed and adopted to practical use in neurology. The device contains a detector for amplitude determination of echopulsation and curve (echopulsograms) recording. It is highly sensitive, cost-effective, which enhances the quality of rapid diagnosis of central nervous diseases, including those of vascular genesis, in in- and outpatient settings.     

接种甲型H1N1流感疫苗后患甲型H1N1流感分析

目的 分析接种甲型H1N1流感疫苗后发生甲型H1N1流感感染的病例,探讨发病原因,为进一步提高疫苗预防效果提供参考依据.方法 对接种甲型H1N1流感疫苗后发生甲型H1N1流感感染148例,进行回顾性调查分析.结果 接种甲型H1N1流感疫苗11176例.发生甲型H1N1感染148例,感染率1.32%,其中1～14 d感染81例,感染率0.72%,＞15 d感染67例,感染率0.60%.结论 甲型H1N1流感病毒裂解疫苗是一种安全高效的疫苗,不足之处尚待进一步探讨、完善.     

NF1 gene and neurofibromatosis 1

Neurofibromatosis 1 (NF1), also known as von Recklinghausen disease, is an autosomal dominant condition caused by mutations of the NF1 gene, which is located at chromosome 17q11.2. NF1 is believed to be completely penetrant, but substantial variability in expression of features occurs. Diagnosis of NF1 is based on established clinical criteria. The presentation of many of the clinical features is age dependent. The average life expectancy of patients with NF1 is probably reduced by 10-15 years, and malignancy is the most common cause of death. The prevalence of clinically diagnosed NF1 ranges from 1/2,000 to 1/5,000 in most population-based studies. A wide variety of NF1 mutations has been found in patients with NF1, but no frequently recurring mutation has been identified. Most studies have not found an obvious relation between particular NF1 mutations and the resulting clinical manifestations. The variability of the NF1 phenotype, even in individuals with the same NF1 gene mutation, suggests that other factors are involved in determining the clinical manifestations, but the nature of these factors has not yet been determined. Laboratory testing for NF1 mutations is difficult. A protein truncation test is commercially available, but its sensitivity, specificity, and predictive value have not been established. No general, population-based molecular studies of NF1 mutations have been performed. At this time, it appears that the benefits of population-based screening for clinical features of NF1 would not outweigh the costs of screening.     

GSTM1及GSTT1和GSTP1基因多态性对尿中1-羟基芘水平的影响

目的 研究GSTM1、GSTT1和GSTP1基因多态性对多环芳烃接触工人尿中1-羟基芘(1-OHP)水平的影响.方法 分别选取2个炼焦厂共447名多环芳烃职业接触工人(接触组)和某线材厂220名非职业接触工人(对照组)作为研究对象,采用高效液相色谱法测定尿中1-OHP水平,采用线性回归统计模型分析GSTM1和GSTT1缺失型及GSTP1 I105V位点的多态性对不同人群尿中1-OHP水平的修饰作用.结果 接触组工人尿中1-OHP浓度为4.61 μmol/mol Cr,明显高于对照组(0.34μmol/mol Cr),差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).接触类别和吸烟分别是影响尿中1-OHP水平的主要因素,在控制各混杂因素的影响后,线性回归分析显示,接触组尿中1-OHP水平和GSTP1 I105V位点多态性有关(单基因分析,P=0.012;多基因分析,P=0.011),对总体样本,单基因模型和多基因模型均显示,尿中1-OHP水平可能和GSTT1缺失型多态有关(P=0.055),多基因交互作用分析显示,GSTT1和GSTP1基因多态对接触组尿中1-OHP水平具有交互作用.结论 谷胱甘肽硫转移酶(GSTs)基因的多态性对接触多环芳烃工人尿中1-OHP水平有影响.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the modification of GSTM1, GSTT1 and GSTP1 gene polymorphisms on urinary 1-hydroxypyrene (1-OHP) excretions in workers under different exposure levels. Methods Four hundred and forty-seven occupationally exposed workers from two coking plants and 220 control workers from a wire rod plant were genotyped to analyze the modification of GSTM1, GSTT1 and GSTP1 gene polymorphisms on urinary 1-OHP excretions. Results The urinary 1-OHP concentration in exposed group was much higher than that in control group (4.61 vs 0.34 μmol/mol Cr, P＜0.05). Occupational exposure levels and cigarette smoking were of the dominating factors affecting 1-OHP excretions in urine. After controlling potential confounders, decreased excretion of urinary 1-OHP was associated with GSTP1 I105V AG + GG genotype in coke oven workers (single-gene model, P=0.012; multi-gene model, P=0.011 ) and with GSTT1 null type in the analysis including all subjects (P=0.055 in both single-gene and multi-gene models). GSTT1 and GSTP1 were interacted on the urinary concentrations of 1-OHP. Conclusion Urinary 1-OHP concentrations can be modified by GSTM1, GSTT1 and GSTP1 gene polymorphisms, indicating that these genes are involved in the metabolism of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.     

Co-circulation of pandemic 2009 H1N1, classical swine H1N1 and avian-like swine H1N1 influenza viruses in pigs in China

The pandemic A/H1N1 influenza viruses emerged in both Mexico and the United States in March 2009, and were transmitted efficiently in the human population. They were transmitted occasionally from humans to other mammals including pigs, dogs and cats. In this study, we report the isolation and genetic analysis of novel viruses in pigs in China. These viruses were related phylogenetically to the pandemic 2009 H1N1 influenza viruses isolated from humans and pigs, which indicates that the pandemic virus is currently circulating in swine populations, and this hypothesis was further supported by serological surveillance of pig sera collected within the same period. Furthermore, we isolated another two H1N1 viruses belonging to the lineages of classical swine H1N1 virus and avian-like swine H1N1 virus, respectively. Multiple genetic lineages of H1N1 viruses are co-circulating in the swine population, which highlights the importance of intensive surveillance for swine influenza in China.