海绵窦海绵状血管瘤的MRI影像表现

目的探讨海绵窦海绵状血管瘤的影像表现,分析磁共振成像(MRI)在海绵窦海绵状血管瘤中的诊断价值。方法回顾性分析2009-01~2017-01该院收治的12例经手术证实海绵窦海绵状血管瘤的MRI表现。结果 12例患者TIWI呈等及略低信号,T2WI呈高信号,增强扫描全部呈明显强化,病灶呈哑铃状,边界清晰,颈内动脉受包绕,邻近脑组织受压,未出现水肿信号。结论 MRI在诊断海绵窦海绵状血管瘤中具有重要的应用价值。     

海绵窦海绵状血管瘤及其影像学特点

目的：阐述海绵窦海绵状血管瘤的MRI表现。方法：回顾性分析5例经手术及病理学证实并行MRI检查的海绵窦海绵状血管瘤病例。结果：5例海绵窦海绵状血管瘤呈外大内小哑铃状改变，在T1加权成像上信号较低，T2加权成像上呈明显高信号，甚至高过脑脊液，增强后病变明显均匀强化。病变侧颈内动脉向前向下推移，并形成假包绕征象。结论：如果中年女性海绵窦内肿瘤表现为MRI T2加权成像信号等于或高于脑脊液，颈内动脉向前向下移位，应首先考虑海绵窦海绵状血管瘤。     

海绵窦海绵状血管瘤及其影像学特点

目的阐述海绵窦海绵状血管瘤的MRI表现。方法回顾性分析5例经手术及病理学证实并行MRI检查的海绵窦海绵状血管瘤病例。结果5例海绵窦海绵状血管瘤呈外大内小哑铃状改变,在T1加权成像上信号较低,T2加权成像上呈明显高信号,甚至高过脑脊液,增强后病变明显均匀强化。病变侧颈内动脉向前向下推移,并形成假包绕征象。结论如果中年女性海绵窦内肿瘤表现为MRIT2加权成像信号等于或高于脑脊液,颈内动脉向前向下移位,应首先考虑海绵窦海绵状血管瘤。     

枕下海绵窦的显微外科剖解和临床意义

枕下区域的椎动脉解剖复合体具有与海绵窦相似的解剖结构，又名枕下海绵窦。其显微外科解剖具有重要的临床意义。     

枕下海绵窦的显微外科解剖和临床意义

枕下区域的椎动脉解剖复合体具有与海绵窦相似的解剖结构，又名枕下海绵窦。其显微外科解剖具有重要的临床意义     

磁共振成像诊断海绵窦侵袭型垂体瘤(附39例报告)

目的 建立一套海绵窦侵袭型垂体瘤的MRI诊断系统。方法选取确诊的39例海绵窦侵袭型垂体瘤与同期收治的162例非侵袭型垂体瘤进行对照,分析冠状位MRI图像上肿瘤与海绵窦的关系,包括海绵窦形态的改变、窦内间隙的改变,以及肿瘤与颈内动脉海绵窦段的关系等,将相关的各个类型作为拟诊标准,计算各自的灵敏度(Se)、特异度(Sp)、阳性预告值(PV+)、阴性预告值(PV-)。结果肿瘤包绕颈内动脉≥70％确诊侵袭的意义最大(PV+为100％),肿瘤超过颈内动脉外侧连线的诊断意义也较高(PV+为86.1％);如果肿瘤包绕颈内动脉<20％、肿瘤未超过颈内动脉内侧连线及海绵窦内侧间隙未出现肿瘤,则可排除海绵窦侵袭的存在。结论 系统分析垂体瘤MRI图像的表现,能较准确地诊断海绵窦侵袭型垂体瘤。     

经海绵窦手术治疗海绵窦病变疗效观察(附58例报告)

目的：探讨海绵窦(C)病变的手术疗效、方法及影响肿瘤切除的因素。方法：58例CS病变患者施行经颅手术治疗，其中CS内动静脉瘘(AVF)11例，CS内异物(铅弹)2例，CS肿瘤45例。手术经额颞翼点开颅36例，额颞眶-颧弓开颅14例，幕上幕下联合经岩骨开颅8例；手术入路采用经CS上壁上方入路及经CS外侧壁侧方入路。行肿瘤全切28例，部分及次全切17例；对AVF者用止血海绵填塞CS静脉间隙；对CS内铅弹经Parkinson三角取出。结果：肿瘤全切率为63．2％，次全切及部分切除率为36．8％；9例CS内AVF患者的漏口完全消失，2例漏口部分消失者叉行血管内栓塞治疗；2例C内异物者均取出铅弹。1例脑膜瘤患者术后1周死于脑栓塞，出现动眼及外展神经功能障碍各6例。结论：CS病变手术疗效满意，并发症少。对术后影像学证实有残余肿瘤者，应行放疗或放射外科治疗。影响CS内肿瘤切除的因素主要为肿瘤性质、二次手术或放疗。     

颈动脉海绵窦瘘

颈动脉海绵寞瘘（CCF）是指由于某种原因颈内动脉或颈外动脉与海绵窦之间形成了瘘口。产生相应的临床症状，临床较常见。     

颈动脉海绵窦瘘的栓塞治疗

CCF的治疗目的在于保护视力、消除杂音、使眼球回缩及防止脑缺血或出血。理想的方法是以最简单的方式可靠地封闭瘘口 ,同时保持颈内动脉的通畅。目前认为血管内栓塞治疗应为首选。一般栓塞治疗后 ,颅内杂音立即消失 ,数小时后结合膜充血水肿明显好转 ,1周后眼球突出可恢复正常。主要径路有经动脉和经静脉两种。1　经动脉途径栓塞治疗此途径包括经股动脉、颈动脉、腋动脉三种。栓塞材料包括乳胶球囊及弹簧圈。治疗方法 :以较常用的经股动脉途径为例。首先穿刺股动脉 ,留置 8F导管鞘。经鞘送入 8F导管达颈内动脉。根据造影所显示瘘口的大小 …     

New insights on COPD imaging via CT and MRI

Multidetector-row computed tomography (MDCT) can be used to quantify morphological features and investigate structure/function relationship in COPD. This approach allows a phenotypical definition of COPD patients, and might improve our understanding of disease pathogenesis and suggest new therapeutical options. In recent years, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has also become potentially suitable for the assessment of ventilation, perfusion and respiratory mechanics. This review focuses on the established clinical applications of CT, and novel CT and MRI techniques, which may prove valuable in evaluating the structural and functional damage in COPD.     

并殖吸虫病肝损害的CT、MRI特征

目的探讨并殖吸虫病肝损害的CT及MR特征性表现。方法对18例经临床治疗奏效或病理证实的并殖吸虫病肝损害的CT及MRI征象进行回顾性分析。经CT检查10例,MRI检查2例,同时行CT及MRI检查6例。结果单发病灶4例,多发病灶14例。病灶均分布在肝包膜下或门脉分支周围肝实质内,呈楔形、不规则形或条形,部分病例可见“隧道征”及“围管征”;16例CT平扫病灶呈稍低密度12例,等密度4例,边缘模糊;动态增强动脉期大部分病变轻度强化或周边轻度强化,少数无强化;门脉期病灶显示最多,边界清晰,呈相对低密度;延迟期病灶强化消失。MRI检查8例中,呈等T1、稍长T2信号2例,呈稍长T1、稍长T2信号6例;动态增强扫描,多发病灶在动脉期可见斑片状强化;门脉期呈多发低信号,边缘清晰;延迟期病灶强化呈等信号改变。肝内单发病灶表现为环状及分隔样强化,门脉期显示最清。结论并殖吸虫病肝损害白}『CT蜃MRT嘉瑚有一事特征．对该病有赫高的诊断价倌．     

Solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas:CT and MRI features of 3 cases

BACKGROUND: Solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas is a rather rare but low-grade malignant tumor with good prognosis after surgical excision. METHODS: In 3 patients with solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas which were proved pathologically, the imaging features ( CT in all and MRI in one patient) of the tumor were analyzed. RESULTS: In the 3 female patients under 35-year-old who presented no jaundice, CT revealed that huge solid-cystic masses of the pancreatic head with calcification in one and slight dilation of the pancreatic duct in another, but without dilation of the bile duct system in all. MRI demonstrated mixed signal intensity on T1WI and T2WI of the mass in one patient. CT and MRI revealed obvious enhancement of the cystic wall and solid part of the masses. CONCLUSIONS: CT and MRI findings of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas are characteristic, and the diagnosis can be made preoperatively with the combination of clinical features.     

小儿脑海绵状血管瘤的MRI特点分析

目的 分析小儿脑海绵状血管瘤（CA）临床和影像学特点。方法回顾性分析4例小儿CA的MRI检查结果。结果4例患儿MRI具有明显特征性表现：MRI检查T1WI上为稍高信号,T2WI上为高信号,周围环绕低信号。结论MRI检查是诊断脑内海绵状血管瘤的首选方法,其可准确显示脑内海绵状血管瘤病灶的部位、形态、大小和病灶内的出血情况,为临床选择治疗方法提供可靠依据。     

MRI versus CT for the detection of pulmonary nodules: A meta-analysis

Background:Computed tomography (CT) is the current gold standard for the detection of pulmonary nodules but has high radiation burden. In contrast, many radiologists tried to use magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to replace CT because MRI has no radiation burden associated. Due to the lack of high-level evidence of comparison of the diagnostic accuracy of MRI versus CT for detecting pulmonary nodules, it is unknown whether CT can be replaced successfully by MRI. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare the diagnostic accuracy of MRI versus CT for detecting pulmonary nodules.Methods:Electronic databases PubMed, EmBase, and Cochrane Library were systematically searched from their inception to September 2017 to identify studies in which CT/MRI was used to diagnose pulmonary nodules. According to true positive, true negative, false negative, and false positive extracted from the included studies, we calculate the pooled sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratio (PLR), negative likelihood ratio (NLR), and area under the curve (AUC) using Stata version 14.0 software (STATA Corp, TX).Results:A total of 8 studies involving a total of 653 individuals were included. The pooled sensitivity, specificity, PLR, NLR, and AUC were 0.91 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.80–0.96), 0.76 (95%CI: 0.58–0.87), 3.72 (95%CI: 2.05–6.76), 0.12 (95%CI: 0.06–0.27), and 0.91 (95%CI: 0.88–0.93) for MRI respectively, while the pooled sensitivity, specificity, PLR, NLR, and AUC for CT were 1.00 (95%CI: 0.95–1.00), 0.99 (95%CI: 0.78–1.00), 79.35 (95%CI: 3.68–1711.06), 0.00 (95%CI: 0.00–0.06), and 1.00 (95%CI: 0.99–1.00), respectively. Further, we compared the diagnostic accuracy of CT versus MRI and found that compared with MRI, CT shows statistically higher sensitivity (odds ratio [OR] for MRI vs CT: 0.91; 95%CI: 0.85–0.98; P value .010), specificity (OR: 0.82; 95%CI: 0.69–0.97; P value .019), PLR (OR: 0.29; 95%CI: 0.10–0.83; P value 0.02), AUC (OR: 0.91; 95%CI: 0.89–0.94; P value < .001), and lower NLR (OR: 8.72; 95%CI: 1.57–48.56; P value .013).Conclusion:Our study suggested both CT and MRI have a high diagnostic accuracy in diagnosing pulmonary nodules, while CT was superior to MRI in sensitivity, specificity, PLR, NLR, and AUC, indicating that in terms of the currently available evidence, MRI could not replace CT in diagnosing pulmonary nodules.     

Quantification of regurgitant lesions by MRI

We examined 46 patients with angiographically documented regurgitant lesions (26 patients with mitral regurgitation, 20 patients with aortic regurgitation) using an 0.5 Tesla magnet. In each patient a multislice-multiphase spinecho sequence in sagittal-coronal double angulated plane was performed to assess left and right ventricular volumes, ejection fraction and regurgitant fraction. Additionally a blood flow sensitive gradient echo technique was done to visualize direction and extension of the regurgitant jet. MRI data were compared with quantitative and qualitative assessment of regurgitation by angiography and echocardiography. Using the gradient echo technique MRI could demonstrate the regurgitant jet in all patients. A linear correlation for volume parameters by MRI and angio was found with best correlation for the left ventricular stroke volume (r=0.82, p<0.0001). Furthermore MRI regurgitant fraction correlated with angiographically determined regurgitant fraction in patients with aortic regurgitation (r=0.91, p<0.0001) and mitral regurgitation (r=0.67, p<0.001), respectively. Semiquantitative assessment of regurgitation by gradient echo technique showed an agreement with angiographic grading by Sellers in 70% of mitral and 75% of aortic regurgitation, respectively. The comparison of MRI and color Doppler sonography showed only moderate correlation of r=0.72 (p<0.01).     

MRI对早期膝关节骨关节炎诊断的评价

目的：评价ＭＲＩ对早期膝关节骨关节炎的诊断价值及临床意义。方法：采用日本东芝公司０５Ｔ超导装置，用自旋回波（ＳＥ）序列对１０例膝关节骨关节炎患者的１３个膝关节进行扫描。所有膝关节均做了矢状、冠状Ｔ１Ｗ，Ｔ２Ｗ像，部分病例做了轴位Ｔ１Ｗ像。分析ＭＲＩ图像并与Ｘ线平片作对照。结果：ＭＲＩ显示半月板变性１６个，撕裂７个；３个有关节软骨病变；前交叉韧带松弛变细２个，后交叉韧带病变３个；关节腔积液６个；滑囊、纤维囊病变各１个，而Ｘ线平片均无上述表现。在骨质病变方面，ＭＲＩ与Ｘ线均能显示，但前者更清晰。结论：ＭＲＩ对于早期膝关节骨关节炎的诊断具有很高的价值及临床意义。它是一种无创伤、无辐射、信息多的新方法，不仅能显示骨质病变，尤其能显示半月板、关节软骨、韧带及关节腔积液等病变情况，能提高早期诊断率，对治疗个体化有指导意义。