复方黄连溶液在氧气吸入中的应用

目的 应用复方黄连溶液作为氧气吸入的湿化液,观察其降低医院肺部感染率的价值. 方法 30例长期吸氧患者按入院单双号随机分成甲、乙组各15例,采用两阶段交叉实验方法（氧气吸入湿化液：第Ⅰ阶段甲组采用0.9%氯化钠注射液、乙组采用复方黄连溶液,第Ⅱ阶段甲组采用复方黄连溶液、乙组采用0.9%氯化钠注射液,比较两种不同湿化液细菌落计数情况及两种湿化液的细菌培养合格情况.）结果经过两阶段交叉实验的方差分析：复方黄连溶液与0.9%氯化钠注射液细菌菌落计数之间的差异有统计学意义（F=73.701,P＜0.01）,而Ⅰ、Ⅱ阶段间的差异无统计学意义（F=0.003,P＞0.05）,两组间差异无统计学意义（F=0.984,P＞0.05）;复方黄连溶液作为氧气吸入湿化液细菌培养合格率明显高于0.9%氯化钠注射液（χ^2=52.50,P＜0.01）. 结论 复方黄连溶液作为氧气吸入湿化液可有效减少细菌污染.     

HPLC测定吸入用硫酸沙丁胺醇溶液的含量

目的 建立HPLC测定吸入用硫酸沙丁胺醇溶液中硫酸沙丁胺醇含量的方法,以控制该制剂的质量。方法 采用VARIAN C₁₈色谱柱,磷酸盐缓冲液-甲醇(80∶20)为流动相,检测波长为276 nm。结果 硫酸沙丁胺醇标准曲线在25~ 400 μg·mL^-1内呈良好的线性关系(r=0.999 9)。结论 本方法简单、快速、结果准确,适用于吸入用硫酸沙丁胺醇溶液的含量测定。     

吸入用复方异丙托溴胺溶液雾化吸入致双手颤抖1例

患儿,男,10岁,因咳嗽1d伴气喘2h于2009年2月10日门诊。体格检查示一般情况尚好,体重30kg,体温36．6℃,双肺可闻及大量哮鸣音,心率98次／min,余无异常。血常规示白细胞7．8×10^9／L、中性粒细胞70％、淋巴细胞30％、血红蛋白130g／L、血小板180×10^9／L,胸部x线摄片示双肺纹理增粗。既往有哮喘史。诊断为支气管哮喘急性发作。     

布地奈德溶液雾化吸入治疗毛细支气管炎临床疗效观察

目的观察布地奈德溶液雾化吸入治疗毛细支气管炎的临床疗效。方法将92例毛细支气管炎患者随机分为观察组和对照组各46例。观察组采用布地奈德溶液雾化吸入治疗，对照组采用常规综合疗法治疗。观察2组临床疗效和住院时间、哮鸣音消失时间及气促缓解时间。结果观察组总有效率为100．00％高于对照组的91．67％，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。观察组住院时间、哮鸣音消失时间和气促缓解时间均短于对照组，差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论布地奈德溶液雾化吸入疗法能有效的缩短患者住院治疗时间和病情恢复时间，提高患者的治愈率和生存质量，值得临床推广应用。     

吸入用乙酰半胱氨酸溶液雾化特性的体外评价

目的 研究吸入用乙酰半胱氨酸溶液的雾化特性,建立体外评价方法。方法 使用呼吸模拟装置对吸入用乙酰半胱氨酸溶液的递送速率和递送总量进行研究,使用新一代药用多级撞击器（NGI）测定空气动力学粒径分布。结果 不同雾化装置检测递送速率和递送总量数据存在明显差异,但使用同品牌雾化装置时吸入用乙酰半胱氨酸溶液自制样品和参比制剂的递送速率和递送总量无明显差异。不同雾化装置检测空气动力学粒径分布数据存在明显差异,但是使用同一品牌雾化装置,吸入用乙酰半胱氨酸溶液自制样品与参比制剂无明显差异。结论 所测定的体外数据描述了吸入用乙酰半胱氨酸溶液的体外特征,可为该制剂的体外评价提供参考。     

氨曲南吸入溶液已获FDA的批准

2010年2月23日，Gilead Sciences公司宣布FDA已批准Cayston（氨曲南吸入溶液）用于治疗合并铜绿假单胞菌感染的囊性纤维化（CF）患者，以改善其呼吸道症状。Cayston用于7岁以下儿童的安全性和有效性尚未确定。Cayston对革兰阴性需氧菌（包括铜绿假单胞菌）的体外抗菌活性较强。给药量为每次75mg，每天3次，疗程28天，需通过专门的便携武给药装置—Altera雾化器系统给药。     

吸入用复方异丙托溴铵溶液雾化吸入治疗儿童哮喘急性发作的临床研究

目的 观察吸入复方异丙托溴铵溶液联合吸入用布地奈德混悬液和孟鲁司特钠咀嚼片治疗儿童哮喘急性发作的临床疗效，及其对肺功能和血清炎症因子的影响。方法 将哮喘急性发作儿童随机分为对照组和试验组。对照组给予患儿布地奈德混悬液雾化吸入，起始剂量0.5 mg,bid,维持剂量0.25 mg,bid,孟鲁司特钠咀嚼片口服，≥6岁患儿每次5 mg,qd,≤5岁患儿每次4 mg,qd。试验组在此基础上给予复方异丙托溴铵溶液2.5 mL雾化吸入，tid,持续雾化3 d。2组患儿均治疗1周再继续观察1周。比较2组患儿的临床疗效、肺功能、血清炎症因子和药物安全性。结果 试验组和对照组最终分别纳入42例。治疗后，试验组和对照组的总有效率分别为95.24%(40例/42例)和90.48%(38例/42例),差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。治疗后，试验组和对照组的哮喘日间评分分别为(0.22±0.05)和(0.31±0.07)分，夜间评分分别为(0.64±0.17)和(0.71±0.14)分，第1秒用力呼气容积(FEV1)分别为(89.68±7.54)%和(84.29±9.29)%,呼气峰值流速(PEF)分...     

吸入用复方异丙托溴铵溶液雾化吸入致老年患者震颤1例

1例80岁老年男性患者因“慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性发作期”应用吸入用复方异丙托溴铵溶液后出现脸部、四肢震颤,停用吸入用复方异丙托溴铵溶液2天后,患者脸部、四肢无震颤发生。     

Pulmonary Alterations in Rats Due to Acute Phosgene Inhalation

Pulmonary Alterations in Rats Due to Acute Phosgene Inhalation.CURRIE, W. D., HATCH, G. E., AND FROSOLONO, M. F. (1987). Fundam.Appl. Toxicol. 8, 107–114. This study evaluated the relationshipbetween low-level phosgene (COCl₂) exposure and pulmonary changeor damage. Male Sprague–Dawley rats were exposed to phosgenefor 4 hr at concentrations of 0.125 to 1.0 ppm (30,60, 120,and 240 ppm.min). We examined the dose-related changes in bodyweight, lung wet and dry weights, lavage fluid protein concentrations(LFP), total cell count, and cell differential in rats exposedto phosgene under carefully controlled conditions. These parameterswere measured at the conclusion of single acute exposures andfor 3 days postexposure. Significant changes in lung weights(wet and dry) were observed following exposure to 120 and 240ppm.min phosgene and the LFP was significantly altered at 60ppm.min. The changes in lung wet and dry weights pooled overall times and phosgene concentrations each correlated significantlywith the change in LFP induced by phosgene. The total numberof cells in the lavage fluid of phosgene-exposed rats was increased,and the most sensitive cellular indicator of phosgene inhalationwas the increase in the percentage of polymorphonuclear leukocytes(PMNs). These results confirm that LFP concentration and cellulardifferentials can be used as an index of lung damage due tophosgene. A dose-response relationship for the measured parameterswas observed. Over the dosage range studied, the return of allmeasured parameters to near control levels within 3 days followingexposure showed that the pulmonary damage was reversible orrapidly reparable. Although the acute effects were shown tobe reversible, studies on chronic, low-level phosgene exposuresare necessary to determine safe levels for industrial employees.     

异丙托溴铵雾化吸入液的制备与质量控制

目的:制备异丙托溴铵雾化吸入液并建立其质量控制方法。方法:采用溶解法制备异丙托溴铵雾化吸入液,以高效液相色谱法测定异丙托溴铵的含量。色谱条件:色谱柱:Hypersil ODS;流动相:乙腈-0.25%庚烷磺酸钠(含0.5%三乙胺,磷酸调pH=3.2)=22∶78,流速:1.0 mL·min-1;检测波长:210 nm。对制剂进行光照、高温和加速试验考察其稳定性。结果:制备的雾化吸入液为几乎无色的澄清液体,鉴别及检查符合《中国药典》2010年版(二部)相关规定;异丙托溴铵检测浓度线性范围为50～250 μg·mL-1(r=0.999 8),平均回收率为100.60%(RSD=0.58%,n=9);光照和高温试验表明样品主药含量略有下降、有关物质含量略有上升。结论:该制剂制备工艺简单、可行,质量可控,宜置于凉暗处保存。     

噻托溴铵雾化吸入溶液的制备及体外评价

采用Omron振动网式雾化器进行雾化,以雾化性能及稳定性为指标,研制了噻托溴铵雾化吸入溶液(TIS).分别采用飞行时间空气动力学粒径谱仪、双层液体碰撞器和新一代撞击器3种仪器测定其空气动力学粒径分布和微细粒子分数(FPF),并考察了制品在60℃、4500 lx光照(4℃)环境放置10d和40℃放置3个月的稳定性.结果表明,所制备的TIS稳定性好,经振动网式雾化器雾化后雾粒的空气动力学质量中位径约2μm,与市售干粉吸入剂相近;FPF＜5μm为70.8％,是市售干粉吸入剂的2倍以上.提示制品对于治疗慢性阻塞性肺病具有较好的开发应用前景.     

雾化吸入伊洛前列素治疗肺动脉高压的应用进展

伊洛前列素(Iloprost)是人工合成的前列环素类似物,通过雾化吸入给药治疗肺动脉高压(pulmonary arterialhypertension, PAH)的疗效和安全性已得到国际上多项临床研究的证实.     

Pulmonary Response to Toner upon Chronic Inhalation Exposure in Rats

Pulmonary Response to Toner upon Chronic Inhalation Exposurein Rats. MUHLE, H., BELLMANN, B., CREUTZENBERG, O., DASENBROCK,C., ERNST, H., KILPPER, R., MACKENZIE, J. C., MORROW, P., MOHR,U., TAKENAKA, S., AND MERMELSTEIN, R., Fundam. Appl. Toxicol.17, 280–299. A chronic inhalation study of a test tonerwas conducted by exposure of groups of F-344 rats for 6 hr/day,5 days/week for 24 months The test toner was a special Xerox9000 type xerographic toner, enriched in respirable-sized particlescompared to commercial toner, such that it was about 35% respirableaccording to the ACGlH criteria. The target test aerosol exposureconcentrations were 0, 1.0 (low), 4.0 (medium), and 16.0 (high)mg/m³. Titamum dioxide (5 mg/m³) and crystalline silicon dioxide(1 mg/m³), used as negative and pasitive controls for fibrogenicity,were also evaluated. Inhalation of the test toner or the controlmaterials showed no signs of overt toxicity. Body weight, clinicalchemistry values, food consumption, and organ weights were normalin the toner- and TiO₂-exposed groups, except for a 40% increasein lung weight in the toner highexposure group. All of the changesin the toner-exposed groups were restricted to the lungs orassociated lymph nodes. A chronic inflammatory response wasevident from the bronchoalveolar lavage parameters for the tonerhigh-exposure group. The incidence of primary lung tumors wascomparable among the three toner-exposed groups and the TiO²-exposed,and air-only controls, as well as consistent with historicalbackground levels A mild to moderate degree of lung fibrosiswas observed in 92% of the rats in the toner high-exposure group,and a minimal to mild degree of fibrosis was noted in 22% ofthe animals in the toner high-exposure group. The pulmonarychanges in the toner high-exposure group were smaller in magnitudethan those found in the crystalline silica-exposed group. Thecomparative fibrogenic potency of TiO², toner, and SiO² wasestimated to be 1:5:418 using a dasimetric model and assuminga common mechanistic basis. There were no pulmonary changesof any type at the toncr low-exposure level, which is most relevantin regard to potential human exposures The lung alterationsin the toner high-exposure group are interpreted in terms of"lung overloading," a generic response of the respiratory systemto saturation of its detoxification capacity. The maximum tolerateddose (MTD) criterion was met at the toner high (16 mg/m³)-exposurelevel.     

雾化吸入布地奈德和肺表面活性物质预防支气管肺发育不良的临床研究

[摘要] 目的:探讨在机械通气的基础上雾化吸入布地奈德混悬液和肺表面活性物质(PS) 预防支气管肺发育不良(BPD) 的疗效,并观察不良反应。 方法:选择120 例早产儿随机分为三组,试验组采用布地奈德混悬液 0.25 mg/kg 和 PS 100 mg/kg 混合液 雾化吸入联合机械通气治疗,对照组 1 采用 PS 100 mg/kg 气管插管内滴入联合机械通气治疗,对照组 2 采用 PS 100 mg/kg 雾化 吸入联合机械通气治疗。 检测三组患儿呼吸机平均气道压力( MAP)、 氧合指数(OI)、血气分析 pH 值、氧分压(PaO2 )、二氧化碳分压(PaCO2)、支气管肺泡灌洗液(BALF)中巨噬细胞移动抑制因子(MIF)和磷脂转运蛋白(PLTP)的含量,比较三组患儿拔 管时间、需氧时间、平均住院时间,高血糖、动脉导管未闭( PDA)、脑室内出血(IVH)和早产儿视网膜病变(ROP)的发生率,BPD 发生例数和死亡例数。 结果:治疗后三组患儿 PaO2、PaCO2 及 pH 比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);三组患儿 MAP、OI 比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);三组患儿 MIF 和 PLTP 比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。 试验组 MIF 含量在各时间点均低于两个 对照组, PLTP 含量在各时间点均高于两个对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);试验组与两个对照组比较,BPD 发生率、拔管 时间、需氧时间、住院时间明显较低,差异有统计学意义(P <0.05);三组患儿病死率、高血糖、PDA、IVH 和 ROP 的发生率比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。 结论:对有 BPD 患病高风险的早产儿,早期联合雾化吸入布地奈德混悬液和 PS 可降低 BPD 的发 生率,达到早期预防的效果,且未发现不良反应。     

激素吸入治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病研究

目的探讨糖皮质激素吸入治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)的疗效。方法回顾分析2001年1月~2005年1月我院收治的76例COPD患者,比较治疗前后临床症状及肺功能的改善。结果临床症状控制17例,显效45例,好转12例,无效1例,有效率82.6%,肺功能治疗前后FEV1及PEF经统计学处理,差异有显著性(P<0.01)。结论糖皮质激素吸入治疗可减轻COPD的临床症状,改善肺功能,从而提高生活质量。     

雾化吸入疗法治疗肺结核病的临床效果

目的分析在肺结核病中应用雾化吸入疗法的临床效果。方法本次研究择取本市医院所在2018年1月至2019年1月这个阶段接收的80例肺结核病患者来展开进一步分析,研究对象均按照随机平均的方法分为对照组和研究组。给予对照组常规抗结核药物治疗,给予研究组常规抗结核药物治疗方案+雾化吸入抗结核药物治疗。比较两组肺功能指标、痰菌转阴率、空洞闭合率、治疗效果及不良反应发生率。结果研究组用力肺活量(FVC)、第1秒用力呼气量(FEV1)、最大通气量(MVV)、痰菌转阴率、空洞闭合率、治疗效果高于对照组,P <0.05;两组不良反应发生率差异无显著性,P> 0.05。结论对于肺结核病患者实施常规治疗时也可配合雾化吸入疗法,其对患者肺功能指标具有改善作用,提高治疗效果。     

Pulmonary Function Alterations in F344 Rats Following Chronic Ozone Inhalation

Abstract

The impact of a 20-mo exposure to ozone on the pulmonary function of rats was assessed by performing a single series of measurements after exposures were completed. Four to 10 male and female F344 rats per group were exposed 6 h/day, 5 days/wk for 20 mo to ozone at 0.12, 0.5, or 1.0 ppm, or to clean air as controls. One to 3 days after the last exposure, the rats were anesthetized using halothane, fitted with oral endotracheal and esophageal catheters, and measured using plethysmographic techniques. The significances of differences between mean values for control and treated rats were tested by multiple comparisons. The values and intersubject variability for over 30 measured and calculated parameters were similar to those reported previously for similarly aged rats. The only consistent exposure-related effect was a small reduction of residual volume measured during slow lung deflation. This trend was observed in most exposed groups, but was most significant in females at the 0.5 ppm level. Fibrosis and epithelial changes were observed in the terminal bronchiole-alveolar duct region in parallel studies of different rats from the same exposure groups. It was hypothesized that these changes stiffened airspace walls and acted to maintain the patency of the air pathway to a lower than normal lung volume during deflation. Overall, the exposures had little impact on the integrated pulmonary function of the lung as measured in anesthetized rats.