婴幼儿猛性龋危险因素的Logistic分析

目的：探讨引起婴幼儿猛性龋的危险因素。方法：龋病危险因素调查和菌斑ｐＨ检测,应用Ｌｏｇｉｓｔｉｃ回归分析的方法研究婴幼儿猛性龋与危险因素之间的数量关系。结果：喂养时间、奶瓶内容、甜食习惯和菌斑ｐＨ值４项是婴儿猛性龋的危险因素。婴幼儿猛性龋的发病情况与用Ｌｏｇｉｓｔｉｃ回顾分析结果的判断情况一致率为９６．２％,结论：用此４项来测婴儿猛性龋比单纯用细菌学参数更为准确。     

北京市1～4岁儿童龋流行情况调查及其危险因素的初步研究

目的 调查婴幼儿龋流行情况及其相关因素的分析以利于早期防治。方法 对北京市海淀、丰台8所幼儿园408名1～4岁儿童，女195名，男213名，通过口腔检查龋齿及详细问卷调查，最后分别作统计分析及Logistic回归分析。结果 本研究婴幼儿龋患病率为40．19％，男性45．07％，女性34．87％，两性间有显著差异。各年龄组间患病率也有显著性差异。婴幼儿龋和乳磨牙龋的发生密切相关，Logistic回归分析结果显示，婴幼儿龋发生的危险因素依次为睡前哺乳，年龄，母亲受教育的程度，每天吃甜食及含糖饮料的次数，哺乳持续时间，刷牙的频率，均有相关性。针对婴幼儿龋的危险因素予以早期防治。结论 强调对双亲早期教育，尽早地去看口腔医生及局部用氟极为重要。     

婴幼儿龋危险因素研究近况

婴幼儿龋是学龄前儿童最普遍的慢性疾病之一,其发生与喂养、饮食、口腔健康行为、家庭社会经济地位等多种因素有关。因而研究婴幼儿龋的危险因素,对疾病的预防和控制有积极地意义。该文通过文献回顾,对婴幼儿龋的危险因素做一综述。     

长沙市开福区婴幼儿龋的相关因素分析

目的:了解婴幼儿龋病发病的相关因素.方法:按照第三次全国口腔健康流行病学调查的要求,对长沙市开福区5所幼儿园的459名2～4岁学龄前儿童进行龋病检查.由儿童父亲或母亲解答问卷.并对结果进行logistic回归分析.结果:婴幼儿期喂养方式与婴幼儿龋病无明显关系(P＞0.05);含奶嘴睡觉习惯、新生儿早产与婴幼儿龋病的发生有显著关系(P＜0.05).结论:含奶嘴睡觉习惯、新生儿早产是婴幼儿龋病发病的危险因素.为了预防婴幼儿龋病应提高父母素质、宣传正确的饮食方式及注意婴幼儿口腔卫生.     

喀什市3~5岁维吾尔族儿童婴幼儿龋相关因素的主成分分析

目的:应用主成分Logistic回归分析法研究喀什市3~5岁维吾尔族儿童口腔龋病与白色念珠菌检出情况及危险因素的相关性。方法:采用分层整群抽样的方式随机抽取喀什市397名3～5岁维吾尔族健康儿童作为研究对象,对其进行口腔检查及采集牙菌斑,通过分离纯化培养及聚合酶链反应检测白色念珠菌检出情况。同时采用问卷调查家长对儿童的喂养方式、饮食习惯等。对白色念珠菌的检出情况,是否长期使用奶瓶、是否经常吃零食等20个婴幼儿龋病相关危险因素,采用方差极大正交旋转法进行主成分Logistic回归分析。结果:主成分分析结果显示特征值大于1的因子数目有7 个,分别为:细菌因素、喂养/饮食习惯和家族史因子、宿主因素作用因子、口腔卫生习惯作用因子、社会经济背景作用因子、牙周状况作用因子、使用牙线、和性别因子,对总方差的累积贡献率为70.027%。经Logistic回归分析得出牙周状况和性别无统计学意义,其他因子均与婴幼儿龋病密切相关。结论:喀什市儿童龋病的发生是由多种因素共同作用的结果,除宿主自身因素、饮食习惯等因素外,白色念珠菌的检出也与龋病密切相关。运用主成分分析法构建的综合评价模型可以消除原始变量间的信息重叠,精简数据,客观、合理、综合地评价婴幼儿龋病危险因素的相关性,为当地儿童龋病的防治提供理论依据。     

1080名15岁青少年患龋情况及社会-行为危险因素的影响

目的了解湖北省15岁青少年患龋情况和口腔健康行为,评价社会-行为危险因素对青少年患龋情况的影响。方法按照多阶段、分层、等容量、不等比、随机抽样的原则,对湖北省15岁青少年进行调查,临床检查评价青少年患龋的情况,采用问卷调查表收集人群的口腔健康知识、态度和行为。结果湖北省1 080名15岁青少年的龋均和患龋率分别为0.45和24.4％。每天刷牙至少2次和拜访牙医的青少年比例分别是11.4%和33.1%。Logistic回归分析显示,女生患龋的概率是男生的1.70倍;与从未拜访牙医、消耗含糖饮料频率较低的学生相比,拜访牙医、消耗含糖饮料频率较高的青少年患龋几率较高。结论湖北省青少年患龋水平较低,口腔卫生行为较差,性别和消耗含糖饮料是影响湖北省青少年龋病的社会-行为危险因素。     

厦门市3～6岁儿童患龋危险因素分析

目的分析厦门市3-6岁儿童龋病发生的相关因素并进行危险性评估，为全面制定儿童龋病预防的综合措施，尤其是为高危患龋儿童的口腔健康保健提供依据。方法采取多阶段、分层、整群抽样的方法，对厦门市幼儿园3-6岁儿童进行患龋情况调查，并通过发放问卷，对患儿的生长发育、饮食习惯、口腔行为、家庭情况、生活环境、干预措施等6个方面的16个变量进行χ^2检验及Logisticforward回归分析，建立回归模型。结果厦门市3-6岁儿童的乳牙患龋率为71．77％，龋均为4．70，龋面均为7．43。月龄、进食碳酸饮料频率、睡前进食、进食奶制品频率、开始刷牙年龄、家长受教育程度、托幼机构、居住地、家长的口腔保健知识、局部用氟、子女数目、进食甜食频率等与儿童龋病的发生具有相关性，性别、每天刷牙次数、牙膏种类和家庭收入与儿童龋病的发生无相关性。建立的儿童龋病回归模型可在一定程度上对患龋危险性进行预测。结论对儿童龋病应综合防治，从小培养儿童健康的饮食习惯，加强对家长的口腔健康知识教育，并合理局部用氟。     

上海市3岁儿童婴幼儿龋患病现状和特点分析

目的调查上海市3岁儿童婴幼儿龋（early childhood caries,ECC）患病现状和特点,为上海市婴幼儿的龋病防治工作提供参考依据。方法采用多阶段分层随机抽样方法抽取上海市中心和非中心城区600名3岁儿童进行检查,并对检查结果进行统计学分析。结果受检600名儿童龋均为2.17±3.18,龋面均为2.99±5.30,龋蚀严重度指数为6.53±10.91;ECC患病率为49.00%,重度婴幼儿龋（severe early childhood caries,SECC）患病率为27.83%（167/600）,SECC患龋儿童占患龋总人数的56.80%（167/294）。中心城区和非中心城区儿童ECC患病率分别为42.33%和55.67%,差异有统计学意义（χ2=10.671,P=0.001）。非中心城区儿童ECC龋均明显高于中心城区,差异有统计学意义（F=4.307,P〈0.05）;非中心城区儿童ECC龋蚀严重度指数明显高于中心城区,差异有统计学意义（F=4.400,P〈0.05）。ECC龋齿充填构成比为3.92%,中心城区和非中心城区分别为5.44%和2.74%,差异有统计学意义（χ2=6.211,P=0.013）。上海市3岁儿童ECC龋蚀牙位分布以上颌乳中切牙和下颌乳磨牙为主。结论上海市3岁儿童ECC患病状况严重,应加强对上海市婴幼儿龋病的早期干预。     

乳牙龋相关因素的流行病学研究进展

龋病的发生是受多种因素的影响,而行为因素的影响不容忽视。本文就近年来有关儿童口腔健康行为及影响儿童口腔健康行为因素的流行病学研究进展做一综述。     

The bilateral occurrence of dental caries among 12-13 and 15-19 year old school children

The purpose of the study was to determine the bilateral occurrence of dental caries in 12-13 year old and 15-19 year old Saudi school children. There were 673 children (324 boys and 349 girls) in the 12-13 year old group and 734 children (399 boys and 335 girls) in the 15-19 year old group with mean ages of 13.1 (SD 0.7) years and 16.4 (SD 1.2) years, respectively. All children were examined for dental caries using the World Health Organization (WHO) criteria for the diagnosis of dental caries. There were no significant differences between the caries prevalence of right and left sides for most teeth at the significance level of 0.05. Among 12-13 year old children, maxillary first molars (86.5%), mandibular central incisors (86.2%), and mandibular first molars (86.0%) showed very high (p <.01) caries bilaterality. Among the 15-19 year old children, mandibular first molars (91.6%), maxillary first molars (87.9%), and mandibular second molars (79.9%) showed very high (p <.01) caries bilaterality. The conditional probability for bilateral occurrence of caries was highest in first molars followed by second molars and central incisors. The bilateral caries occurrence and conditional probability for bilateral caries occurrence were significantly higher (p <.05) in 15-19 year old children as compared to 12-13 year old children. It was concluded caries bilaterality and the conditional probability for bilateral caries occurrence was high in the study population.     

Sociobehavioural risk factors in dental caries - international perspectives

Diseases probably have their roots in a complex chain of environmental and behavioural events which are shaped by broader socioeconomic determinants. Most studies of sociobehavioural risk factors in dental caries have been carried out in industrialized countries, but such reports from low- and middle-income countries have been published in recent years. World Health Organization international collaborative studies and other international studies of social factors in dental caries using the same methodology provide empirical evidence of social inequality in oral health across countries and across oral health care systems. The paper highlights the challenges to dental public health practice, particularly the importance of risk assessment in estimating the potential for prevention. In future public health programmes, systematic risk factor assessment may therefore be instrumental in the planning and surveillance of oral health promotion and oral disease intervention programmes.     

西藏昌都市3~5岁儿童龋病及其影响因素调查分析

了解高原地区学龄前儿童龋病的患病情况及其影响因素,为高原地区儿童的龋病防治提供参考依据。     

Risk factors for dental erosion in 5-6 year old and 12-14 year old boys in Saudi Arabia

MATERIAL AND METHODS: Dental examinations were carried out on 354 boys aged 5-6 years, and 862 boys aged 12-14 years, attending 40 schools in Riyadh. The prevalence of dental erosion was assessed using diagnostic criteria similar to those employed in the 1993 UK National Survey of Child Dental Health. RESULTS: Pronounced dental erosion (into dentine or dentine and pulp) was observed in 34% of 5-6 year olds and 26% of 12-14 year olds. Information on food and drink consumed and dietary habits was obtained by means of a questionnaire. Parents reported that 65% of 5-6 year old boys took a drink to bed. Water was the commonest drink consumed (37%) followed by carbonated soft drinks (21%). One third of parents reported that their son had something to eat in bed or during the night and 60% of this was sweet food or confectionery. Seventy per cent of 12-14 year old boys reported consuming drinks at night; these were mainly water (30%), carbonated soft drinks (27%) and tea or coffee, with sugar (18%). Forty-six per cent of the 12-14 year olds reported that they ate in bed at least once a week and 54% of this was sweet food or confectionery. When the dental examination and questionnaire results were correlated, a statistically significant relationship was found between the number of primary maxillary incisors with pronounced erosion of their palatal surfaces and the consumption of carbonated soft drinks at night (P=0.015). A significant relationship was also found between the number of permanent maxillary incisors with pronounced erosion on their palatal surfaces and the frequency of drinks at night (P=0.020), as well as the duration of drinks retained in the mouth (P=0.038). CONCLUSION: It is concluded that dental erosion is more common in the primary and permanent dentitions of Saudi Arabian boys compared with results for similar age groups from the United Kingdom.     

北京市海淀区3岁儿童龋病患病状况及龋病活跃性检测的研究

目的 通过了解北京市2所大学附属幼教机构学龄前儿童的口腔健康状况、龋病活跃性,了解儿童患龋情况与龋病活跃性之间的关系,探讨龋病活跃性检测筛查龋易感儿童及反映龋活跃性检测试剂的灵敏性和特异性,评价其对患龋预测的有效性和可行性.方法 对3岁年龄组儿童进行连续1年的口腔检查和龋活跃性检测,分析儿童患龋情况的变化与龋病活跃性之间的关系.结果 3岁儿童的患龋率为44.80%,龋均dft为2.04,龋面均dfs为2.79,儿童龋活跃性检测结果的各个分值与儿童患龋程度呈高度正相关关系(P<0.001).1年后随访,龋高危组儿童的新龋发生率显著高于龋低危组,经统计学检验其差异具有显著性意义(P<0.001).Cariostat法进行龋活跃性检测的敏感度可达95.1%,特异度达50.2%.结论 龋活跃性检测能够准确的反映儿童龋患现状,预测儿童患龋的趋势,为儿童制定个性化的预防保健计划.     

广州市10~12岁儿童第一恒磨牙患龋影响因素分析

目的 了解广州市儿童第一恒磨牙患龋影响因素,为制定儿童龋病防治行为干预策略提供依据.方法 采用多阶段分层随机整群抽样方法,抽取广州市12个区(县级市)149所小学18656名五、六年级学生为研究对象,进行口腔健康检查及问卷调查,调查时间为2014年9月.结果 18656名儿童第一恒磨牙患龋率为18.19%,女生患龋率为19.96%,高于男生(16.71%),差异有统计学意义(x2=32.817,P<0.001).采用广义混合线性模型,在控制学校聚集性及其他影响因素后,城乡、性别、是否做过窝沟封闭以及饮用甜牛奶、糖果/巧克力的食用频率5个因素入选模型,是龋齿发生的独立影响因素(P<0.01);城乡、性别、是否做过窝沟封闭、糖果/巧克力食用频率与龋均有关联(P<0.05).结论 学龄儿童口腔健康教育应关注糖果/巧克力等高糖食品消费,关注城乡差异,同时,加大窝沟封闭项目宣传力度,提高公众知晓率;严格项目管理,提高封闭质量,保证防龋效果.     

Analysis of dental caries risk factors in the primary dentition

The aim of the present study was to assess indicators shown to be associated with the prevalence of caries in the primary dentition of 7-year-old Flemish schoolchildren. Cross-sectional first year data of the Signal-Tandmobiel survey were analysed (n = 4468). Gender, age, oral hygiene habits, use of fluorides, dietary habits, geographical factors and social factors were involved in logistic regression models. There was a significant difference (P < 0.05) in caries experience determined by the geographical spread, with an explicit trend of caries declining from the east to the west. A start of brushing before the age of 2 and a brushing frequency of at least once a day need to be encouraged, while the use of sugar containing drinks and snacks between meals needs to be restricted to a maximum of 2 per day. The mean dmf-t values were the lowest for the most advantaged children and where threefold higher in the least advantaged children. There was a cumulative effect of decreasing social level and oral health habits on the caries prevalence. Social inequalities in oral health among children exist in Flanders.     

2012～2015年北京市海淀区13所幼儿园2～6岁儿童患龋趋势研究

目的了解北京市海淀区2~6岁儿童2012~2015年间乳牙龋病的患病趋势,为海淀区儿童龋病防治工作提供依据。方法 2012~2015年间对北京市海淀区13所幼儿园2~6岁儿童,连续4年进行口腔健康状况调查,采用WHO推荐的检查方法和龋病诊断标准,调查4年间海淀区2~6岁儿童乳牙龋病的患病趋势。口腔检查由2年以上工作经验的儿童口腔医生进行,所有的检查者都经过培训和校准。结果 4年来13所幼儿园2~6岁儿童乳牙患龋率、龋均(dft)和龋面均(dfts)逐年升高,5岁组儿童乳牙患龋率为69.06%~72.08%,dft为4.04~4.30,dfts为5.15~5.80。3~5岁儿童重度低龄儿童龋的患病率分别为22.09%~29.54%,26.92%~31.18%和32.18%~35.84%,随年龄增加而上升。2~6岁患龋儿童接受治疗率和龋补充填比呈下降趋势,分别为82.60%~61.46%和55.61%~42.96%。结论 海淀区2~6岁儿童乳牙患龋率、龋均和SECC患病率处于较高水平,在幼儿园采取龋病综合防治措施非常有效,但应同时加强龋病的预防工作,特别是对龋高危儿童的监控和防治。     

上海市浦东新区低龄儿童龋危险因素分析

目的：建立幼儿园儿童的前瞻性队列,纵向研究低龄儿童龋的发病原因。方法：采用整群随机抽样方法,在上海市浦东新区城郊各抽取1所幼儿园,共240名小班儿童加入本研究。采用SPSS 21.0软件包中的χ²检验、方差分析、二项logistic回归模型和一般线性回归模型,对该队列儿童基线及随访1年后的龋患情况进行分析。结果：该队列研究前2年随访率为88.3%,基线和随访第1年儿童患龋率分别为58.3%,69.8%,龋均分别为3.1±4.2、4.5±4.9,56.1%的儿童发生新龋。Logistic回归分析显示,居住在郊区（P=0.010）和吃糖果频率较高（P=0.036）的儿童,新发龋率较高。一般线性回归方程结果显示,郊区儿童（P<0.001）,未使用含氟牙膏（P=0.003）以及吃糖果频率较高（P=0.002）的儿童,新发龋均较高。结论：居住在郊区、未使用含氟牙膏以及进食糖果频率较高,是学龄前儿童新发龋的重要危险因素。