铸造工人肺通气功能10年前后的对比分析

目的 长期追踪铸造工人的肺通气功能下降情况。方法 调查７０例在职铸造工,分别测定其１０年前后肺通气功能,同时监测作业环境的粉尘浓度。结果 铸造工肺功能各指标及实测值占预计值的百分比１０年后明显下降（除ＦＥＶ１％）,且年下降值也明显高于标化正常人;相关回归分析,肺功能与身高、体重成正相关,而与年龄、吸烟成负相关。结论 铸造行业可致长期作业工人的肺通气功能明显下降。     

皮毛加工工人粉尘接触水平与肺功能损害的关系

对２１２名接触皮毛粉尘工人与２０７名对照工人进行了肺功能检测。并对累积接尘量与肺功能损害的关系进行了分析。结果表明，接尘组肺功能各项指标（ＦＶＣ、ＦＥＶ１、Ｖ５０、Ｖ２５）的实测值占预计值％均较对照组为低。肺功能损害随累积接尘量的增加而加重（Ｐ＜０．０１），肺功能异常率则随累积接尘量增加而增高（Ｐ＜０．０１）。多因素分析表明，接尘是影响肺功能下降的主要因素，吸烟也与肺功能呈负相关关系。皮毛粉尘接触水平与肺功能损害呈明显的接触水平－反应关系。据此本文推荐了皮毛粉尘的接触限值。     

黄麻加工工人粉尘接触水平与肺功能损害关系

目的　分析黄麻加工工人粉尘接触水平与肺功能损害的关系。方法　对某麻纺织厂 4 88名接触黄麻粉尘工人和 332名对照工人的肺功能进行测定与分析。结果　接触黄麻粉尘工人的肺功能各项指标的实测值占预计值的百分比随着累计接尘量的增加而显著地下降 (P <0 0 5或P <0 0 1) ;肺功能各指标的异常率随累计接尘量的增加显著地上升 (P <0 0 5或P <0 0 1)。接触黄麻粉尘工人的肺功能的损害程度随着累计接尘量的增加有加重的趋势。依据接触水平 -反应关系 ,用寿命表法建立了肺功能累计异常率与累计接尘量之间的直线回归方程。结论　黄麻粉尘接触水平与肺功能损害呈明显的接触水平 -反应关系。我国黄麻粉尘卫生标准 4mg/m3 是基本适宜的     

长期职业性锰暴露对工人肺功能的影响

[目的]分析长期职业性锰尘和粉尘暴露对工人肺功能的影响,评价锰尘累积暴露与肺功能的剂量-效应关系. [方法]于2011年对广西某锰冶炼厂280名男性工人进行调查,并回顾性收集历年各车间锰、粉尘浓度监测资料和2006年与2010年工人肺功能检测结果;根据各车间锰、粉尘浓度和接触工龄分别计算出截至2006年与2010年的锰、粉尘累积暴露量.[结果]该厂锰作业工人2010年各项肺功能指标均值均低于2006年检测值,其中用力肺活量(FVC)、第一秒时间肺活量(FEV1)、最高吸气流量(PIF)、75％呼气流速(MEF75)降低明显,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);锰作业工人2006年时锰作业工龄平均为(14.27±6.48)年,FVC、FEV1、MEF75与粉尘累积暴露量负相关(P＜0.05),肺功能各指标与锰累积暴露量均无相关关系(P＞0.05); 2010年时锰作业工人工龄平均为(18.05±6.41)年,FVC、FEV1与粉尘累积暴露量负相关,最高呼气流量(PEF)、MEF75、50％呼气流速(MEF5o)与锰累积暴露量负相关(P＜0.05). [结论]职业性锰尘长期累积暴露与肺功能降低有剂量-效应关系.     

二甲基甲酰胺累积接触量与肝损伤累积发病的关系

目的探索二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)累积接触量与作业工人肝功能损伤的关系。方法选取6家合成革企业847名工人于2012年3月—2013年9月期间的职业健康检查资料和历年接触DMF的监测资料,计算作业工人DMF的累积接触量,并统计累积接触量与肝损伤的关系。结果 DMF累积接触量与肝损伤累积发病率存在明显的剂量-反应关系,两者拟合曲线为y=5.469 8ln(x)-10.496。结论 DMF对合成革工人的肝功能有一定的影响,并存在明显的剂量-反应关系,提示有关部门应采取相关预防控制措施保护作业工人的健康。     

铸造工肺功能测定及分析

肺功能测定不仅可以评价肺部损害的程度,也可以反映其损害性质。为了解铸造工肺功能损害的基本特点,对我市112名铸造工的肺功能进行测试。结果如下: 一、调查对象及方法 选择我市八家企业的112名铸造工为观察对象,其中男工91人,女工21人,年龄19～52岁,工龄1～32年。选择性别、年龄、工龄相仿的不接触粉尘的120名工人为对照组,用日本DFM9100肺功能仪测试,每人至少进行2次,且2次结果有较好的重现性。     

职业医学

对212名接触皮毛粉尘男性工人与207名男性对照工人进行了肺功能检测。并对累积接尘量与肺功能损害的关系进行了研究。结果表明,接尘组肺功能各指标(EVC、FEV_1、V_(50)、V_(25))的实测值占预计值％均较对照组为低。肺功能损害随累积接尘     

977 名接触不同粉尘工人肺功能情况分析

目的通过体检了解接触不同粉尘工人肺功能的基本状况,探讨肺功能与接触粉尘种类、接尘工龄的关系。方法在长春市内随机抽取1个区,选取所抽到的区内所有接尘工人健康体检资料。结果在本次调查的977名接尘工人中接触电焊粉尘的工人有367人,占37．6％;接触金属粉尘的有221人,占22．6％;接触铸造粉尘的有195人,占20．0％;接触其他粉尘的有194人,占19．8％。接触不同粉尘的工人的FVC比值、FEV1．0比值、FEV1％、PEF比值及肺功能异常比例的差异具有统计学意义,均P〈0．05。结论工人的肺功能指标值与接触粉尘的种类有关,与接尘工龄无明显的相关性。     

用寿命表法估算粉尘接触量与肺功能损害的关系

用寿命表法估算粉尘接触量与肺功能损害的关系中国医科大学尘肺研究室陈杰，楼介治，黄群颖沈阳第一机床厂工卫环保处马龙胜，丁恩德，项博实本文在沈阳第一机床厂铸造车间进行了铸造粉尘接触量与肺功能损害的剂量一反应关系的研究。并依据粉尘接触量与ＦＥＶ；累计异常率...     

接触黄麻粉尘工人累计接尘量与肺功能损害的研究

本文测定了某麻纺织厂488名接触黄麻粉尘工人和332名对照工人的肺功能。并进行了累计接尘量与肺功能损害关系的分析。结果表明,随着累计接尘量的增加,接触黄麻粉尘工人的肺功能损害程度有加重趋势。其中接尘组吸烟男工的FVC、FEV_1、MMF、V_(50)、V_(25)及女工的V_(50)、V_(25)呈显著下降(P<0.05或P<0.01)。随着累计接尘量的增加,肺功能异常率增大(P<0.05或P<0.01)。接触黄麻粉尘工人的累计接尘量与肺功都损害呈现接触水平-反应关系。双因素方差分析表明,接尘对肺功能各指标均有明显影响,吸烟影响不显著,接尘和吸烟对FVC及FEV_1有交互影响(P<0.05或P<0.01)。     

Pulmonary function in fur-processing workers: a dose-response relationship

Pulmonary function tests were conducted in 212 male workers exposed to fur dust in a fur-processing factory, and in 148 unexposed male workers. The authors used the cumulative dose of dust exposure (mg-yr) as an exposure index to relate to pulmonary function injury, as measured by pulmonary function tests, in exposed workers. The results showed that fur workers had lower percentages of predicted pulmonary function, as measured by forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in 1 sec (FEV1.0), and maximal flow rate of expiration at 50% and 25% of forced vital capacity (V50 and V25, respectively), compared with controls (p < 0.01). As the cumulative dose of fur dust exposure increased, average levels of pulmonary function declined significantly (p < 0.01), and pulmonary function abnormalities (i.e., < 80% of predicted FVC and FEV1.0, or < 70% of predicted V50 and V25) increased significantly (p < 0.05). Multiple-regression results identified fur dust exposure as the leading risk factor associated with the decline in pulmonary function in the exposed group. The results demonstrated a dose-response relationship between fur dust exposure and respiratory system injury, as measured by pulmonary function tests in fur-processing workers. On the basis of this dose-response relationship and the use of lifetables, the authors proposed an exposure limit of 4 mg/m3 for fur dust.     

肺癌病因研究中接尘量计算的真实性评价

为评价肺癌病例对照研究中接尘剂量估算方法的真实性,对广西锡矿病因研究对象进行了重新计算。广西锡矿队列发现男性肺癌死者１３０例,配对照６２７例。共７５７人。其中接法工人５７２名,发现各期矽肺共２４３例,根据在斩工业卫生监测资料估算所有接尘工人的累积总粉尘接触量,再计算不同接尘水平下矽肺的发病率。结果显示,随接尘水平上升,矽肺发病率升高,两者存在明显的接触剂量反应关系。完全符合矽肺发病特点。从而间接证     

Dust exposure indices and lung function changes in Longshoremen and Dock workers

A group of Dutch harbor workers involved in loading and unloading bulk products from sea vessels such as coal, cokes, and some other products like alumina, borax, phosphate ore, and vermiculite was studied. Exposures were characterized by personal and environmental monitoring. This information was subsequently used to estimate several dust exposure indices and to study relationships with lung function variables and respiratory symptoms. Average respirable dust exposure levels ranged from 0.3–4.0 mg/m³. Workers involved in unloading products from sea vessels were exposed to the highest dust levels. Supervisors and workers with tasks in the dock had an intermediate to low exposure. Office workers had the lowest exposure to respirable dust. Inhalable dust levels were considerably higher and average exposures ranged from 0.3–80 mg/m³. The ranking of occupational titles by inhalable dust exposure was almost identical to the rank order of respirable dust levels. Workers with higher current and cumulative dust exposures tended to have a lower lung function, and only shortness of breath had a statistically significant relationship with current and cumulative inhalable dust exposure. In general, relationships between lung function and inhalable dust levels tended to be somewhat stronger in terms of statistical significance, because inhalable dust is an estimate of dust deposition in the upper airways and lung function is a measurable parameter of airway obstruction in that region. However, the differences with respirable dust were minimal, and variability in dust exposure levels was extremely large for this population. It was concluded that harbor workers involved in unloading ships containing coal and various kinds of ore can be exposed to high dust levels. Relationships between dust exposure and lung function illustrate that these exposures are a respiratory hazard. Our finding that inhalable dust levels have a somewhat stronger relationship with lung function level than respirable dust levels deserves further attention.     

对苯二甲酸作业人群肺功能的变化

对１４０名ＴＰＡ作业工人和同一地区年龄、性别、身高、体重、吸烟情况类似的７０名正常对照工人进行肺功能的测定分析。接触组ＭＶＶ、ＰＥＦＲ、Ｖ７５、ＰＥＦＲ／Ｈ、Ｖ７５／Ｈ显著低于对照组（Ｐ＜０．０５）;多因素分析表明,ＰＥＦＲ、Ｖ７５、ＰＥＦＲ／Ｈ、Ｖ７５／Ｈ的下降与接尘因素有关;寿命表法分析提示,ＦＥＶ１的累积异常率与累积接尘量有一定的接触水平——反应关系。据此,本文提出了ＴＰＡ粉尘的接触限值为４．３０ｍｇ／ｍ３。     

蔺草染土粉尘对工人肺功能的影响

[目的 ]了解蔺草染土粉尘对接触工人肺功能的影响。 [方法 ]随机选择接尘工龄 1年以上的工人作为调查对象 ,并选择无明显粉尘和毒物接触的工人作为对照 ,进行肺功能测定。 [结果 ]粉尘接触者肺功能各项指标明显低于对照组 ,FVC、FEV1.0 的异常检出率显著高于对照组。不吸烟者肺功能损伤程度与接触粉尘密切相关。 [结论 ]结果提示蔺草染土粉尘对工人肺功能有明显损伤 ,FVC、FEV1.0 、FEV1.0 %等可作为肺功能评价的首选指标     

Lung function studies before and after a work shift.

The lung function of 23 underground coal workers and eight surface workers at a Scottish colliery was measured immediately before and after a work shift. Changes in lung function were assessed in relation to the measured respirable dust exposure and the time of day in which the shift was worked. Large, and statistically significant, decrements of lung function during the shift were found in night-shift workers compared with workers on other shifts. Measurements derived from the forced expiratory manoeuvre, particularly FEV1, Vmax50, and Vmax25, after three vital capacity breaths of an 80% He/20% O2 mixture, showed large reductions in night-shift men, smaller reductions in afternoon-shift men, and small increases or decreases in morning-shift underground and surface workers. Within-shift changes for other tests, such as closing volume, N2 index, and volume of isoflow, did not differ significantly between shifts. No significant relationship was found between dust exposure and functional changes during a shift for any test. Lung function changes in a control group of 25 female workers not exposed to dust (hospital nurses) did not show the same large variations between day and night shifts. Examination of a further control group of 16 office workers did not show any difference in diurnal changes between smokers and non-smokers. It is concluded that these coal miners, even on permanent shift patterns, had widely different changes in their lung function cycle depending on which shift they were working. These changes did not appear to be related to dust exposure or cigarette smoking and were not consistent with other biological adaptations known to result from regular night-shift working.     

Respiratory morbidity in wollastonite workers

Medical and environmental surveys were conducted at a wollastonite mine and mill in 1976 and in 1982. Health testing included chest radiography, spirometry, and a questionnaire. Workers at a nearby electronics plant were also examined in 1982 for a comparison of lung function and respiratory symptoms. Both wollastonite and control workers showed significant smoking effects for chronic respiratory symptoms, but differences between the groups were not detected. Pneumoconiosis was found in 3% (3/108) of the wollastonite workers in 1982, but none showed a significant progression from their 1976 radiographs. The lung function tests of the 108 wollastonite workers examined in 1982 showed dust related changes in FEV1, FEV1/FVC ratio, and peak flow rate which were independent of age, height, and smoking habit (p less than 0.01). For non-smokers alone, only the FEV1/FVC ratio declined significantly with dust-years of exposure (p less than 0.01). The comparison of lung function in 1982 between a high dust exposed subgroup of wollastonite workers and the control population showed a significantly lower FEV1/FVC ratio and peak flow rate in the study group (p less than 0.05). Analysis of 1976-82 changes in pulmonary function showed that wollastonite workers with higher dust exposure had a significantly greater decline in peak flow over the period than workers with lower exposures (p less than 0.01). These data suggest that long term cumulative exposure to wollastonite may impair ventilatory capacity as reflected by changes in the FEV1/FVC ratio and peak flow rate.     

Respiratory morbidity in wollastonite workers.

Medical and environmental surveys were conducted at a wollastonite mine and mill in 1976 and in 1982. Health testing included chest radiography, spirometry, and a questionnaire. Workers at a nearby electronics plant were also examined in 1982 for a comparison of lung function and respiratory symptoms. Both wollastonite and control workers showed significant smoking effects for chronic respiratory symptoms, but differences between the groups were not detected. Pneumoconiosis was found in 3% (3/108) of the wollastonite workers in 1982, but none showed a significant progression from their 1976 radiographs. The lung function tests of the 108 wollastonite workers examined in 1982 showed dust related changes in FEV1, FEV1/FVC ratio, and peak flow rate which were independent of age, height, and smoking habit (p less than 0.01). For non-smokers alone, only the FEV1/FVC ratio declined significantly with dust-years of exposure (p less than 0.01). The comparison of lung function in 1982 between a high dust exposed subgroup of wollastonite workers and the control population showed a significantly lower FEV1/FVC ratio and peak flow rate in the study group (p less than 0.05). Analysis of 1976-82 changes in pulmonary function showed that wollastonite workers with higher dust exposure had a significantly greater decline in peak flow over the period than workers with lower exposures (p less than 0.01). These data suggest that long term cumulative exposure to wollastonite may impair ventilatory capacity as reflected by changes in the FEV1/FVC ratio and peak flow rate.