伴门静脉癌栓的原发性肝癌外科治疗：附335例报告

目的：探讨合并门静脉癌栓（PVTT）的肝癌手术治疗的指征与价值。方法：回顾性分析335例伴PVTT肝癌患者临床病理及随访资料,其中273例行手术治疗,包括规则性或非规则性肝切除术（HR）+PVTT清除术（HR组）,62例采用肝动脉化疗栓塞（TACE）治疗（TACE组）。比较两组患者治疗后的生存情况。结果：HR组及TACE组中位生存期分别为4.46个月和5.65个月,差异无统计学意义（P=0.455）;6、12个月生存率分别为30.7%,38.7%与12.1%、19.2%,差异均无统计学意义（均P>0.05）。结论：肝癌合并PVTT不是手术禁忌证,实施HR安全可行,但预后改善不明显,故要遵循个体化标准,慎重选择手术治疗。随着肝癌多学科协作（MDT）治疗及未来精准医学治疗模式的发展,以期能提高其整体治疗水平。

     

TACE和TAI在单发原发性肝癌切除术后辅助性介入治疗中的效果比较

目的比较经肝动脉化疗栓塞术(transcatheter arterial chemoembolization,TACE)和肝动脉灌注化疗(transcatheter arterial infusion,TAI)在单发原发性肝癌切除术后辅助性介入治疗中的效果。方法 94例行手术切除的单发原发性肝癌患者根据术后辅助性介入方法不同,分为TACE组(n=49)和TAI组(n=45),同期选取术后均未行预防性介入治疗的30例作为对照组。TAI组采取单纯化疗药物灌注化疗,TACE组采用化疗药物与碘油混悬剂,所有患者随访至2016年9月,比较三组患者术后肿瘤复发情况,利用Kaplan-Meier分析三组患者无复发生存期。结果 TACE组和TAI组患者术后1年复发率分别为14.3%和13.3%,均低于对照组的46.7%,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);TACE组患者术后2年和3年复发率分别为21.4%和30.3%,均低于TAI组和对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。对于中位无复发生存期,TACE组34.30个月,TAI组24.71个月,对照组12.90个月,Log-Rank检验显示差异具有统计学意义(χ2=34.228,P0.001)。结论相比于TAI,TACE可有效降低患者术后2年和3年复发率,延长患者无复发生存期,有助于改善患者预后。     

肝细胞肝癌经肝动脉化疗栓塞联合索拉非尼降期后二期切除的初步报告

目的探讨不可一期切除肝细胞肝癌(hepatocellular carcinoma,HCC)经导管肝动脉化疗栓塞(transcatheter hepatic arterial chemoembolization,TACE)联合索拉非尼(Sorafenib)降期治疗后,二期再行根治性切除的可行性。方法回顾性分析2010年3月至2015年1月在南方医科大学南方医院肝胆外科经TACE及口服分子靶向药物索拉非尼治疗、成功降期后再行二期切除的21例HCC病人的临床资料。该组病人平均年龄45.5岁(20~67岁),肝切除手术后持续服用索拉非尼。结果该组病人经TACE联合口服索拉非尼成功降期,降期治疗所需时间平均为52.3 d。降期后实施左、右半肝切除分别为5例和3例,扩大左半肝切除1例,扩大右半肝切除1例,肝脏区段切除11例。术中平均出血量为356.3 ml(150~1 200 ml),平均手术时间为243.3 min(145~365 min)。经过12~62个月随访(中位随访时间为30.1个月),1、2、3年的无瘤存活率分别为76.2%、52.4%、43.6%,复发后病人再次接受TACE、放疗、射频消融等综合治疗者5例,接受再次手术切除的病人3例,1、2、3年总生存率分别为85.7%、71.4%、57.1%。结论 TACE联合口服索拉非尼全身治疗,可使部分初期不可切除肝癌成功降期,降期后接受外科根治性切除手术,初步效果令人鼓舞。     

Indications for hepatectomy for hepatocellular carcinoma — What stage of the disease is the best indication for surgery?

To determine the clinical and tumor stage of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) that is the best indication for surgery, the postoperative long-term outcomes of patients who underwent hepatic resection were examined retrospectively. Of 975 patients with HCC who underwent regional therapy, 384 patients (39%) received hepatic resection (HR), 534 (55%) had transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE), and the remaining 57 (6%) received percutaneous ethanol injection (PEI) into the tumor. The criteria defined by liver Cancer Study Group of Japan was used for staging and liver functional reserve (i.e., clinical staging).¹ In the 133 patients with stage I HCC, there were no significant differences among the survivals of the HR, TACE, and PEI groups. In the 314 patients with stage II HCC, the 5- and 7-year survival rates were 51% and 46% in the HR group, 23% and 10% in the TACE group, and 0% and 0% in the PEI group. The survival of the HR group was significantly better than the survivals of the TACE and PEI groups (P < 0.001). The 5- and 10-year survivals of the stage II HCC patients who had HR were 64% and 47% in the clinical stage I (i.e., good liver function) group, significantly better than the 5; and 10-year survivals (32% and 23%) in the clinical stage II (i.e., bad liver function) group (P < 0.0001). Patients with good liver function in stage II are expected to have better survival and are considered to be the most suitable for HR. Received for publication on June 9, 1997; accepted on July 3, 1997     

Sequential preoperative arterial and portal venous embolizations in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma

HYPOTHESIS: Hepatic resection is the only curative treatment for large hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Sequential, preoperative, selective transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) and portal vein embolization (PVE) allow feasible and safe major hepatic resections to be performed in HCC patients with chronic liver disease. DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study. SETTING: University hospital. PATIENTS: Seventeen HCC patients who underwent preoperative PVE following selective TACE for planned major hepatic resections were enrolled. The indications for PVE were determined using the volumetric ratio of the future remnant liver parenchyma and the indocyanine green retention ratio at 15 minutes. INTERVENTION: Preoperative TACE and PVE. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Tumor characteristics and blood test results before and after TACE and PVE, changes in the volumes of the liver segments after PVE, the feasibility of major hepatic resections, and short- and long-term patient prognoses. RESULTS: The liver function test results transiently worsened after TACE and PVE but returned to baseline levels within 1 (after TACE) or 2 (after PVE) weeks. Within 2 weeks after PVE, 22% +/- 4% hypertrophy of the nonembolized segments was obtained; subsequent major hepatic resections were feasible in 16 patients. Four minor complications (25%) were experienced postoperatively; however, liver failure did not occur. The 5-year overall and disease-free survival rates after curative resection were 55.6% and 46.7%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Sequential TACE and PVE contribute to both the broadening of surgical indications and the safety of major hepatic resections performed in HCC patients with damaged livers. The long-term outcome of this treatment strategy is satisfactory.     

肝动脉插管化疗栓塞联合门静脉化疗对肝细胞癌病人术后生存期的影响

目的 探讨肝动脉插管化疗栓塞(transcatheter arterial chemoembolization,TACE)联合门静脉化疗(portal vein chemotherapy,PVC)对肝癌术后病人生存期的影响.方法 总结天津医科大学附属第三中心医院肝胆外科2000年1月至2007年7月符合研究条件的原发性肝细胞癌切除术病人168例.其中,术后联合TACE和PVC组48例,单纯TACE组26例,单纯PVC组50例,未做特殊处理(对照)组44例.全部病人随访17～96个月.将各组1、3、5年生存率进行对比研究.结果 TACE联合PVC治疗组术后1、3、5年的累积生存率与TACE组无明显统计学差异(P＞0.05),与PVC组和对照组比较差异显著(P＜0.05);TACE组术后1、3年的累积生存率与PVC组、对照组比较差异有统计学显著性(P＜0.05),但5年累积生存率无明显统计学差异(P＞0.05);PVC组与对照组之间术后1、3、5年累积生存率无明显统计学差异(P＞0.05).结论 在肝癌切除后,联合TACE和PVC治疗对术后生存期的影响与单纯TACE治疗无明显差别,但明显高于单纯PVC组和对照组.     

Prognostic impact of treatment modalities on patients with single nodular recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma

Purpose  To evaluate the prognostic impact of various therapeutic modalities, such as repeat hepatectomy, ablation therapy, and transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) therapy, used to treat single nodular recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Methods  Thirty-two patients with single nodular intrahepatic recurrence after curative primary resection of HCC were enrolled in this study. The prognostic factors after recurrence were established using 13 clinicopathologic variables, including the therapeutic modalities; namely, repeat hepatectomy, ablation therapy, or TACE therapy. Results  Of the 32 patients, 9 underwent repeat hepatectomy, 10 underwent ablation therapy, and 13 underwent TACE therapy. The therapeutic modality was the only prognostic factor. In comparison with TACE therapy, the relative risks associated with ablation therapy and repeat hepatectomy were 0.19 and 0.29, respectively. The 5-year survival rates after single nodular recurrence were 57% in the ablation therapy group, 29% in the repeat hepatectomy group, and 0% in the TACE therapy group. Conclusions  Repeat hepatectomy and ablation therapy are more effective than TACE therapy for improving the prognosis of patients with single nodular intrahepatic recurrent HCC.     

Is Preoperative Transarterial Chemoembolization Needed for a Resectable Hepatocellular Carcinoma?

Background Whether preoperative transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) has the therapeutic benefits in patients with resectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains uncertain. Materials and methods We retrospectively investigated the influence of preoperative TACE on both disease-free survival and the pattern of recurrence after curative resection. From March 1998 to January 2005, a series of 273 patients who underwent curative resection for HCC were reviewed. Altogether, 120 patients underwent preoperative TACE, and 153 patients did not. We compared disease-free survival and the recurrence patterns between TACE and non-TACE groups, as well as between subgroups, stratified with regard to initial tumor size (≤3 cm, 3–5 cm, >5 cm) and pathologic tumor stage (stage I-II and stage III-IVa). We also compared disease-free survival and the pattern of recurrence among the three groups: complete necrosis, incomplete necrosis, non-TACE groups. Results The 1-, 3-, and 5-year disease-free survival rates were 76.0%, 57.7%, and 51.3%, respectively, in the TACE group and 70.9%, 53.8%, and 46.8%, respectively, in the non-TACE group. No significant difference was observed in disease-free survival or the pattern of recurrence between the TACE and non-TACE groups. Further analysis of disease-free survival and the pattern of recurrence between subgroups according to initial tumor size and tumor stage showed no significant differences. Complete necrosis of tumor was recognized in only 33 patients of the TACE group (p = 0.001). Among the three complete necrosis, incomplete necrosis, and non-TACE groups, no significant difference was observed in disease-free survival or the pattern of recurrence. Conclusions Preoperative TACE did not significantly improve the disease-free survival or the pattern of recurrence after curative resection of HCC. Even though this study is a retrospective analysis, preoperative TACE cannot be recommended as a routine procedure before hepatectomy for a resectable HCC.     

Is preoperative hepatic arterial chemoembolization safe and effective for hepatocellular carcinoma?

OBJECTIVE. The value of preoperative transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has not been duly appreciated. The authors assessed the advantages and disadvantages of preoperative TACE by reviewing their experience with the procedure. METHODS. A total of 140 patients who underwent hepatectomy for HCC were entered into the study (105 received preoperative TACE and 35 did not). The authors investigated the reduction of tumor size and the complications after TACE, as well as the relationship between the interval from TACE to resection and the occurrence of complications. They compared postoperative morbidity and mortality between the TACE and non-TACE groups. They also compared survival and disease-free survival between the two groups, as well as between subgroups, defined by the extent of tumor necrosis achieved with TACE. RESULTS. A distinct reduction of tumor size was observed in approximately half of the TACE group. However, there were 68 appreciable complications of TACE in 56 patients (53.3%), and the interval between TACE and resection was significantly prolonged in the patients with complications. The postoperative morbidity and mortality rates of the TACE group were not different from those of the non-TACE group. Preoperative TACE did not improve the survival or disease-free survival of the whole patient group after hepatectomy. In addition, the survival and disease-free survival rates of the three TACE subgroups were not different from those of the non-TACE group. CONCLUSIONS. Preoperative TACE should only be performed to reduce tumor bulk in patients with HCC with borderline resectability. In such patients, increased tumor resectability appears to improve the survival rate. Preoperative TACE does not promote tumor recurrence.     

Adjuvant transcatheter arterial chemoembolization improves efficacy of hepatectomy for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma and portal vein tumor thrombus

Purpose

To study the value of postoperative transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) to improve the efficacy of hepatectomy and tumor thrombus removal for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and portal vein tumor thrombus (PVTT).

Experimental design

From January 1996 to December 2004, 126 patients with HCC and PVTT were randomly assigned into 2 groups: a control group and a TACE group. The control group underwent liver resection combined with PVTT removal, and the TACE group underwent liver resection combined with adjuvant TACE after surgery. Survival time in the 2 groups was studied.

Results

The 2 groups were comparable with regard to all clinicopathologic data. The median survival time was 13 months (95% confidence interval [CI] 6.25 to 19.75 months) for the TACE group and 9 months (95% CI 6.90 to 11.10 months) for the control group. Estimated survival rates for 1, 3 and 5 years were better in the TACE group (50.9%, 33.8%, 21.5%; respectively) than the control group (33.3%, 17.0%, 8.5%, respectively; log rank P = .0094).

Conclusions

Postoperative TACE enhances the effect of liver resection combined with PVTT removal for HCC patients with PVTT.     

合并肝硬化中晚期肝癌TACE治疗后血清AFP检测的意义

目的 探讨合并肝硬化的中晚期肝癌患者血清AFP水平对经肝动脉化疗栓塞术（TACE）治疗预后的意义.方法 收集250例TACE术后的中晚期肝癌合并肝硬化患者的血清,采用放射免疫法测定患者血清AFP的水平.将测定的结果分成AFP升高组（＞20 μg/L,n＝165）例和正常组（＜20 μg/L,n＝85）,并对肝癌患者进行随访（1周～65个月,中位时间21.5个月）.用Kaplan-Meier生存曲线分析患者生存率,评估AFP水平及相关因素对中晚期肝癌患者预后的意义.结果 AFP升高组的1、2、5年生存率为57%、48%、5.1%,AFP正常组为37%、46%、12%.AFP升高组的1年生存率明显高于AFP正常组（P＜0.05）,AFP升高组5年生存率明显低于AFP正常组（P＜0.05）.结论 对于中晚期肝癌的患者,血清AFP水平高者较血清AFP水平低者短期预后好,但远期预后差.     

肝癌合并门静脉癌栓患者术后肝动脉化疗栓塞术联合门静脉化疗的有效性及安全性

目的:探讨肝癌合并门静脉癌栓(PVTT)患者术后辅助肝动脉化疗栓塞术(TACE)联合门静脉化疗(PVC)的有效性及安全性。方法:回顾性分析2010年1月—2016年1月收治的经手术治疗的119例肝癌合并PVTT患者临床资料,其中64例术中放置门静脉化疗泵,术后行TACE治疗及通过门静脉化疗泵行PVC(TACE+PVC组),5 5例术中未放置门静脉化疗泵,术后行单纯T A C E (T A C E组)。观察两组术后生存及并发症情况。结果:TACE+PVC组与TACE组中位无瘤生存期及中位生存期分别为13.3个月vs.6.8个月、19.5个月vs.12.5个月;术后0.5、1、2、3年的无瘤生存率及71.9%vs.52.9%、57.5%vs.26.7%、16.4%vs.8.2%、6.9%vs.2.1%,总生存率分别为90.5%vs.89.1%、69.5%vs.50.4%、37.9%vs.12.1%、22.4%vs.8.1%,TACE+PVC组的无瘤生存率与总生存率均明显优于TACE组(P=0.004、P=0.001)。统计分析显示,术后治疗方式是患者术后生存时间的独立影响因素之一(P0.05)。两组术后各并发症发生率差异无统计科学意义(均P0.05)。结论:术后辅助TACE联合PVC治疗合并PVTT的肝癌患者安全有效,且效果优于单纯TACE治疗。     

肝细胞癌肝动脉栓塞化疗降期治疗后根治性切除

目的 探讨肝细胞癌(hepatocellular carcinoma, HCC)经TACE降期治疗后,实施根治性切除的可行性.方法 回顾性分析1991年1月至2002年6月首次诊断为根治性切除困难的HCC,经TACE降期治疗后,成功实施根治性切除患者的临床特点、手术出血量、术后并发症和生存时间.结果 11例HCC患者经TACE治疗后得到降期,成功实施根治性切除.术中平均出血量1336.4ml(110～3200ml),出血量>1000ml者6例.平均手术时间272.8min(210-390min).术后发生胆漏3例,大量腹水1例.中位生存时间为61.5个月,1、2、3年分别有8、7、6例生存.结论 经TACE治疗HCC,可使部分肿瘤降期后再实施根治性切除,其方法安全可行.     

肝细胞癌经皮穿刺肝动脉化疗栓塞缩小后切除及疗效分析

作者为探讨不能切除的肝细胞癌经肝动脉化疗栓塞（ＴＡＣＥ）缩小后行肿瘤切除的疗效,总结了５９例肝细胞癌患者的经验。本组患者首次ＴＡＣＥ前肿瘤直径５．６～２０．０ｃｍ,平均９．４３ｃｍ,每人接受ＴＡＣＥ１～６次,平均２．９次,手术前肿瘤直径缩小至３．２９ｃｍ,末次ＴＡＣＥ距手术时间１～７个月,平均２．５个月。ＡＦＰ阳性３５例,ＴＡＣＥ治疗后１３例转为正常。５９例患者中行肝段、联合肝段或肝部分切除５６例,左三叶切除２例,左半肝切除１例。切除的肿瘤各有４０％～１００％坏死,其中９例１００％坏死。ＴＡＣＥ后１３例ＡＦＰ转为正常的患者中,９例镜下仍见癌细胞。５９例患者１、３、５年生存率分别为７９．７％、６５％和５６％。作者认为ＴＡＣＥ可为一期不能切除的肝癌患者争取手术切除的机会,且可获得满意疗效。     

Combination of transcatheter arterial chemoembolization using cisplatin-lipiodol suspension and percutaneous ethanol injection for treatment of advanced small hepatocellular carcinoma

BACKGROUND: We evaluated the long-term efficacy of the combination of transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) using cisplatin-lipiodol suspension and percutaneous ethanol injection (PEI) for treatment of advanced small hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). PATIENTS AND METHODS: Sixty-nine patients with HCC less than 3 cm in diameter and at most three lesions were enrolled in this study. HCC nodules were confirmed to be hypervascular by angiography. Thirty-two patients were treated with a combination of TACE and PEI (TACE/PEI group) and 37 patients with TACE alone (TACE group). RESULTS: The 5-year survival rates were 50% for the TACE/PEI group and 22% for the TACE group. The TACE/PEI group had a slightly but not significantly better survival than the TACE group. The 5-year survival rates of patients with solitary HCC were 61% for the TACE/PEI group and 24% for the TACE group. Although the two therapeutic groups both had high rates of recurrence, the rates in the TACE/PEI group were significantly lower than those in the TACE group (P <0.05). Severe complications such as intraperitoneal bleeding and segmental hepatic infarction were observed at low incidence, and recovered with supportive treatment. CONCLUSIONS: The combination of TACE and PEI appears to prolong survival, compared with TACE alone. This combination therapy can thus be a valuable form of treatment for unresectable advanced small HCC.     

可切除肝细胞癌合并门静脉癌栓的外科治疗

背景与目的 对于肝细胞癌（HCC）合并门静脉癌栓（PVTT）患者而言,手术切除率低,复发率高,预后较差,其治疗方式目前仍有很多争议。笔者总结可切除HCC合并PVTT的外科治疗经验,比较手术与肝动脉化疗栓塞术（TACE）对此类患者的近远期疗效。方法 回顾性分析云南省临沧市人民医院2016年3月—2021年3月收治的39例可切除HCC合并PVTT患者的临床资料,其中23例患者施行手术治疗（手术组）,16例行TACE治疗（TACE组）。比较两组患者的相关临床资料与预后,并分析影响患者预后的因素。结果 手术组除1例肿瘤广泛侵犯仅取材活检,其余均完成手术,无手术死亡;19例示切缘阴性;2例术后肝功能不全,经人工肝及其他支持治疗痊愈出院。TACE组16例肝动脉超选、灌注、栓塞顺利;1例因肝动脉完全栓塞,术后3 d因急性肝衰竭救治无效死亡。手术组8例术后辅助TACE治疗,5例靶向治疗,其中1例I型PVTT患者手术后联合TACE等治疗后仍生存47个月。TACE组13例多次治疗,4例给靶向药物,其中1例II型PVTT患者TACE术后经过7次灌注化疗及栓塞仍然生存25个月。与TACE组比较,手术组住院时间延长、医疗成本增加、术后行TACE的例数更少、术后未做其他治疗的例数以及术后AFP恢复正常的例数更多（均P<0.05）。手术组与TACE组的中位生存期分别为16.2个月与9.5个月;0.5、1、2、3年生存率分别为65.2%、43.5%、34.8%、17.4%与46.7%、33.3.0%、13.3%、0。两组患者中位生存期与累积生存率差异均有统计学意义（均P<0.05）。单因素分析结果显示,PVTT分型、甲胎蛋白（AFP）水平、肿瘤大小、肿瘤数目与患者术后生存时间有关（均P<0.05）;多因素分析结果显示,治疗方式、PVTT分型、肿瘤直径、AFP水平是患者术后生存时间的独立影响因素（均P<0.05）。结论 PVTT分型、肿瘤直径、AFP水平直接影响HCC合并PVTT患者的术后生存,外科手术切除治疗效果明显好于TACE治疗,尤其是对于可切除HCC合并I/II型PVTT的患者,但治疗选择可能受患者意愿、经济因素等的限制。     

Role of Preoperative Transcatheter Arterial Chemoembolization for Resectable Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Relation between Postoperative Course and the Pattern of Tumor Recurrence

The effects of preoperative transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) were retrospectively evaluated in patients with resectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). A total of 227 patients who underwent hepatectomy for HCC were studied (146 underwent preoperative TACE and 81 did not). We compared operative outcome, mortality, and disease-free survival between TACE and non-TACE groups. We also compared the pattern of recurrence and postrecurrence survival between subgroups according to staging. Of the 227 patients, 105 with tumor stage I-II were assigned to group A (group A/TACE, n = 69; group A/non-TACE, n = 36), and the remaining 122 with tumor stage III-IV were assigned to group B (group B/TACE, n =77; group B/non-TACE, n =45). Complete necrosis was found to be more frequent in the TACE group (p < 0.01). Operating time, blood loss, and mortality did not differ between those who did and did not undergo preoperative TACE. TACE did not significantly improve disease-free survival within either the entire TACE group or group A/TACE. In contrast, in group B/TACE the disease-free survival rates were significantly higher than in group B/non-TACE. Furthermore, both extrahepatic metastasis and diffuse intrahepatic metastasis were significantly more frequent in group B/non-TACE than in group B/TACE. The preoperative TACE also improved the postrecurrence survival in group B. We speculate that preoperative TACE reduced tumor recurrence and that it might confer a survival advantage after surgery, particularly in patients with advanced HCC. In addition, it is expected that this procedure may improve the pattern of tumor recurrence when it does occur.     

不同治疗模式对不能切除的肝癌二期手术预后的影响

目的探讨不能切除的肝细胞癌(HCC)经皮穿刺肝动脉化疗栓塞(TACE)及经手术肝动脉结扎、置管化疗栓塞(HALCE)缩小后二期切除的疗效,并比较不同治疗模式对预后的影响.方法204例HCC二期切除患者,分成TACE组及HALCE组.TACE组112例,行TACE1～7次(中位2.4).HALCE组92例,其中49例行HALCE,7例行HALCE+肝脏外放射治疗,36例行HALCE+导向内放射治疗.肿瘤缩小后予以切除.选择7个可能对HCC二期切除术后预后产生影响的临床因素通过单因素、多因素Cox模型对预后进行分析.结果随访至1999年6月,首次TACE及HALCE后1、3、5、7年生存率分别为95.7%、69.3%、56.5%及44.5%,切除肿瘤后1、3、5、7年生存率分别为88.5%、64.9%、51.9%及38.3%.TACE组及HALCE组1、3、5、7年生存率分别为94.1%、64.7%、51.2%、40.8%和96.3%、73.9%、61.6%、45.2%,2组差异无显著性意义(P＞0.05).影响预后的主要因素是肝硬化程度和肿瘤坏死程度(P＜0.05).TACE组中肝硬化程度、缩小后肿瘤有无包膜及肿瘤坏死程度是影响预后的主要因素(P＜0.05),而HALCE组各因素对预后影响差异无显著性意义(P＞0.05).结论不能一期切除的HCC缩小后应进行二期切除,且可获得满意疗效.而肝硬化程度、肿瘤坏死程度是影响肝癌二期切除预后的主要因素.     

VEGF和MVD在术前接受过肝动脉栓塞化疗的肝癌组织中的表达及临床意义

目的探讨血管内皮细胞生长因子(VEGF)和平均微血管密度(MVD)在接受术前经导管肝动脉栓塞化疗(TACE)肝癌细胞中的表达和在二期切除肝癌复发预后中的意义。方法选取91例术前TACE和50例未行TACE肝癌手术切除标本,采用免疫组化方法检测两组标本VEGF、CD34的表达情况和MVD值。分析两组VEGF的表达情况和MVD值的差异,以及62例术前TACE后根治性切除的肝癌中VEGF的表达水平与复发的关系。结果 VEGF表达于肝细胞质中,CD34选择性表达于血管内皮细胞,术前TACE组和未行TACE组VEGF的表达(6.9±4.7vs5.1±4.4)和MVD值(62.0±35.4vs45.6±29.0)差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。术前TACE后根治性二期切除患者,复发组(45例)与未复发组(17例)肿瘤组织中VEGF阳性率分别为82.2%和41.2%,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。VEGF阳性组1、3、5年无瘤生存率分别为50.9%、%、22.5%,VEGF阴性组分别为88.5%、68.2%、28.153.0%,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。多因素分析表明治疗前存在播散结节及VEGF的表达水平是影响TACE后二期切除患者复发的独立危险因素。结论 TACE后残癌组织血管生成增多,术前TACE后二期根治性切除肝癌VEGF的表达与患者术后复发转移密切相关。     

Liver Resection Improves the Survival of Patients with Multiple Hepatocellular Carcinomas

Background  According to current guidelines of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) treatment, multiple HCCs are usually not suitable for surgical resection. However, surgical resection is still possible for patients with multiple HCCs. The role of hepatic resection vs transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) for multiple HCCs should be further clarified. Methods  We retrospectively enrolled 1065 patients with multiple HCCs. Among them, 294 received surgical resection, 367 received transarterial chemoembolization (TACE), and 404 received chemotherapy or supportive care. Three staging systems (TNM, CLIP, and BCLC) were used for comparison of stage-specific survival between different treatment modalities. Results  The median survival of multiple HCC patients who received surgical resection was 37.9 months, while it was 17.3 months in TACE group, and 2.8 months in supportive group (P < .001). The 1-year, 3-year, 5-year survival rates for surgical group were 77.4%, 51.9%, and 36.6%, respectively. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis demonstrated that patients who received surgical resections had the best survival, followed by TACE and supportive care. For patients of the same stage, surgical resection yields better results than TACE. Surgery could offer better survival than TACE for patients either within or beyond Milan’s criteria. Conclusions  Our results indicate that if patients have preserved liver functions, hepatic resection is helpful, even for patients with multiple HCCs.