福善美对绝经后妇女骨密度的影响

目的　评价福善美 (Fosamax)治疗绝经后骨质疏松症妇女的近期及中期疗效 ,以及改善骨量作用。方法　绝经 1年以上女性 80名 ,分成 4组 ,A组 :14例 ,年龄 5 4 . 97± 5. 5 1(47～ 6 2 )岁 ,绝经年限≤10年 ,疗程 6个月～ 1年 ;B组 :2 3例 ,年龄 5 5 . 5 5± 3. 6 6 (5 0～ 6 2岁 ) ,绝经年限≤ 10年 ,疗程 1年以上 ;C组 :18例 ,年龄 6 8. 18± 5 . 5 9(5 9～ 78岁 ) ,绝经年限 >10年 ,疗程 6个月～ 1年 ;D组 :2 5例 ,年龄6 7. 2 5± 6 .19(5 2～ 80岁 ,绝经年限 >10年 ,疗程 1年以上。患者每天接受口服福善美 10mg和元素钙5 0 0mg,疗程 6个月～ 2 8年。治疗前、后应用双能X线吸收仪 (HologicQDR 2 0 0 0型 )进行骨密度(BMD)测定。结果　 4组不论绝经年限长短 ,通过 6个月～ 2年以上福善美治疗 ,腰椎BMD平均增加百分率 3 74 %～ 5 4 5 % ,较基础值均有明显增加 (P <0 . 0 0 1) ,4组间差异无统计学意义 (P >0 . 0 5 )。股骨颈部位治疗后BMD平均增加百分率为 0 84 %～ 4 2 1% ,其中绝经年限相同时 ,疗程长者高于短者 ,即B组高于A组 ,D组高于C组 ;疗程相同时 ,绝经年限长者高于短者 ,即C组高于A组 ,D组高于B组 ,但 4组间差异无显著性 (P >0 . 0 5 )。大转子部位治疗后BMD增加平均变化百分率 1 4. 2 %～     

安徽地区绝经后妇女雌激素受体基因多态性与骨密度的相关性研究

目的探讨安徽地区绝经后妇女雌激素受体（ER）基因多态性的分布及其与骨密度的相关性。方法随机选择288名安徽合肥地区健康绝经后妇女，运用双能X线骨密度吸收法（DEXA）测定腰椎和股骨颈、大转子骨密度（BMD），并采用PCR-RFLP（聚合酶链反应-限制性片断长度多态性）法分析ER基因多态性，并分析其相关性。结果安徽地区绝经后妇女ER基因型分布频率PP（13．2％）、Pp（45．8％）、pp（40．9％），XX（5．21％）、Xx（31．6％）、xx（63．2％），联合PvuⅡ和XbaⅠ这两种基因型后得到：PPXX（5．6％），PPXx（3．8％），PPxx（6．3％），PpXX（1．4％），PpXx（23．3％），Ppxx（25％），ppxx（34．7％），未检测到ppXX及ppXx型。PvuⅡ多态性与绝经后妇女腰椎BMD相关，PP基因型腰椎BMD显著低于pp和Pp基因型（P〈0．05），ER基因P等位基因是一种有益于骨量的基因型。XbaⅠ多态性与绝经后妇女各部位BMD间无明显相关性（P〉0．05）。联合分析PvuⅡ和XbaⅠ多态性与绝经后妇女BMD相关性发现，有Px单倍型的妇女腰椎部位的BMD显著低于无此单倍型的妇女（P〈0．01）。结论ER基因PVuⅡ多态性与绝经后妇女腰椎BMD有相关性，PP基因型妇女腰椎BMD减低，而具有Px单倍型的ER基因可能对BMD有不利影响。     

绝经后妇女雌激素受体(ER)基因Xbal限制性片断长度多态性（RFLP)与骨密度的关系

目的 研究绝经后妇女ER基因Xba I限制性片断长度多态性（RFLP）与骨密度、骨生化指标和停经年限的关系。方法 用PCR－RFLP方法检测绝经后妇女的ER基因型;DEXA检测腰椎和股骨各种骨密度,同时测定血骨钙素、尿吡啶并酚等骨转换指标。结果 205 绝经后妇女中发现XX、Xx和xx基因型频率分别为6．8％、25．9％和67．3％,XX基因型的妇女虽然停经时间更长,但腰椎骨密度仍高于Xx和xx型。结论 ER基因XX型可能对腰维骨量的维持有一定作用。     

雌激素受体α和维生素D受体基因多态性与哈尔滨地区绝经后妇女骨密度的关系

目的探讨哈尔滨市绝经后妇女雌激素受体α(ER-α)基因和维生素D受体(VDR)基因多态性与骨密度的关系。方法对哈尔滨市81例无亲缘关系汉族健康妇女进行PCR-RFLP测定ER-α基因PvuⅡ、XbaⅠ多态性和VDR基因BSMⅠ多态性,用双能X线吸收法测定骨密度(BMD)。结果本研究人群PP、Pp及pp基因型频率分别为13.6%、49.4%、37.0%;XX、Xx及xx基因型频率各为4.9%、40.7%、54.4%;BB、Bb及bb基因型频率各为0%、16.0%、84.0%,t检验分析各基因型与BMD值的关系显示:绝经后妇女中,雌激素受体基因型仅与腰椎骨密度有显著差异。维生素D受体基因型在股骨颈、大转子部位有显著差异。PvuⅡ多态性和BSMⅠ多态性共同作用对骨密度影响更大。结论雌激素受体、维生素D受体基因型分布频率均符合Hardy-Weinberg定律,并且与骨密度有一定的关联,尤其是基因与基因的共同作用与骨密度的关系更为密切。     

绝经后健康妇女雌激素受体基因多态性与骨密度关系的研究

目的从分子生物学水平探讨中国绝经后健康妇女雌激素受体（ＥＲ）基因多态性与骨密度的关系。方法选择绝经后健康、无亲缘关系妇女２３７例，运用双能Ｘ线吸收骨密度仪及聚合酶链反应——限制性片段长度多态性（ＰＣＲ－ＲＦＬＰ）方法分析ＥＲ基因多态性与骨密度的关系。结果２３７例绝经后健康妇女中ＰＰ、Ｐｐ及ｐｐ基因型频率分别为０．１９８，０．４４３及０．３５９；Ｐ与ｐ等位基因频率分别为０．４１９８、０．５８０２。方差分析（ＡＮＯＶＡ）显示股骨大转子部位骨密度与ＥＲ基因多态性相关（ｐ＝０．０１０６），ＰＰ基因型各部位骨密度值均低于Ｐｐ、ｐｐ基因型。逐步多元回归分析发现ＥＲ基因多态性与股骨大转子（ｐ＝０．０５４８）及腰椎２－４（Ｐ＝０．０９９８）部位的骨密度相关。结论中国绝经后健康妇女ＥＲ基因多态性与股骨大转子部位的骨密度显著相关，ｐ等位基因具有一定的骨量保护作用，提示从分子水平探讨骨量丢失规律以及防治骨质疏松症的发生发展具有一定的现实意义。     

绝经后妇女绝经年限、孕次、产次与腰椎骨密度的关系分析

目的 探讨绝经后妇女孕次、产次与腰椎骨密度(BMD)的关系。方法 调查204例健康的绝经后妇女年龄、绝经年限、孕次、产次、测量其身高、体重及正位腰椎BMD,并进行相关分析。结果 随着绝经年限的增加,腰椎各部位BMD逐渐降低。孕1-2次及产1次者的腰椎各部位BMD高于其他,并随着孕次和产次的增加BMD逐渐降低。单因素相关分析显示绝经年限与正位腰椎各部位BMD均呈显著负相关(P<0.01);孕次与第二腰椎(L2)、第三腰椎(L3)、第二腰椎至第四腰椎(L2-L4)呈显著负相关(P<0.05);产次与第二腰椎(L2)、第三腰椎(L3)、第二腰椎至第四腰椎(L2-L4)呈显著负相关(P<0.05)。但调整年龄、体重指数、孕次及产次后,绝经年限与正位腰椎各部位BMD均无显著相关(P>0.05)。调整年龄、体重指数、绝经年限后,孕次、产次与正位腰椎各部位BMD均无显著相关(P>0.05)。多元逐步回归分析显示绝经年限、孕次、产次与正位腰椎各部位BMD仍无显著相关(P>0.05)。结论 绝经后妇女绝经年限、孕次、产次与腰椎BMD的关系有待进一步研究。     

绝经后妇女年龄、绝经年龄、绝经年限与腰椎和髋部骨密度的关系分析

目的 探讨绝经后妇女年龄、绝经年龄、绝经年限与腰椎和髋部骨密度的关系.方法 调查248名健康的绝经后妇女的年龄、绝经年龄、绝经年限,测量身高、体重、正位腰椎（L2～L4）、髋部骨密度进行分析.结果 随着绝经年限的增长,腰椎和髋部骨密度逐渐降低.单因素相关分析表明年龄、绝经年限与腰椎及髋部各部位骨密度呈显著负相关（P＜0.01）,绝经年龄与腰椎及髋部各部位骨密度无显著相关性（P＞0.05）.调整身高、体重指数后,年龄、绝经年龄与腰椎及髋部骨密度呈显著负相关（P＜0.01）,绝经年龄与腰椎及髋部各部位骨密度无显著相关性（P＞0.05）.多元逐步回归分析显示绝经年限与腰椎、股骨颈及股骨大转子的骨密度呈显著负相关（P＜0.01）,年龄与腰椎、股骨颈及Ward三角区骨密度呈显著负相关（P＜0.05）.结论 年龄、绝经年限与腰椎和髋部骨密度有关.     

雌激素受体基因Pvu Ⅱ多态性对筛选绝经后骨质疏松危险因素的作用

目的 通过雌激素受体基因PvuⅡ基因分型，筛选绝经后骨质疏松的危险因素。方法 检测759例绝经后骨质疏松症者腰椎、股骨上段的骨密度和198例雌激素受体基因PvuⅡ基因型，分析不同基因型的年龄、体重指数等因素与骨密度的相关性。结果 在PP型，低体重是股骨颈、大转子骨密度的危险因素；在pp型，高龄是大转子、Ward’s区骨密度的危险因素；在Pp型，高龄是腰椎、股骨颈、Ward’s骨密度的危险因素；低体重是股骨颈、大转子骨密度的危险因素。结论 通过雌激素受体基因PvuⅡ多态性筛选危险因素对临床防治绝经后骨质疏松有重要的指导价值。     

CTR基因多态性及中医证型与绝经后妇女骨质疏松骨密度的关系

目的 观察降钙素受体(CTR)基因多态性及中医证型与绝经后妇女骨质疏松骨密度的关系.方法 选择2006年7月至2008年2月绝经后骨质疏松症患者120例,采用双能X线骨密度仪测定部位骨密度,中医辩证分型,记录患者年龄、绝经年龄、绝经年限、身高、体质量等自身因素,应用聚合酶链反应检测降钙素受体基因多态性.结果 CTR基因型分布:CC型74.17%,CT型21.67%,TT型4.17%;中医证型分布:脾肾阳虚型71.67%,肝肾阴虚型22.50%,气滞血瘀型7例5.83%.经t检验,不同CTR基因型者间骨密度差异无统计学意义;各中医证型者骨密度间差异无统计学意义.在CC型中,气滞血瘀的腰椎骨密度明显低于脾肾阳虚(P<0.05).结论 降钙素受体基因多态性及中医证型与绝经后骨质疏松症骨密度存在相关性.     

Association of estrogen receptor α gene polymorphisms with bone mineral density in Chinese women: a meta-analysis

Introduction and hypothesis A large number studies have examined the association between estrogen receptor alpha (ESR-α) gene polymorphisms and bone mineral density (BMD) in the Chinese population. We conducted a meta-analysis to assess their pooled effects. Methods We searched for all published articles indexed in MEDLINE, the Chinese Biomedical Database, and the Chinese Journal Full-text Database from January 1994 to April 2006. Any cross-sectional study that tested the association between ESR-α PvuII or XbaI genotypes and BMD at the femoral neck or spine in Chinese women was included in the review. Data were extracted independently by two reviewers using a standardized data extraction form. Sixteen eligible studies involving 4,297 Chinese women were identified. Results The overall frequencies of X and P alleles were 28% and 40%, respectively. The PvuII polymorphism was statistically significantly associated with BMD at the femoral neck (P = 0.038 for PP = Pp = pp) but not at the lumbar spine in all women. The BMD difference for the contrasts of PP versus Pp/pp genotypes was −0.0105 (95%CI, −0.0202 ∼ −0.0008) g/cm² (P = 0.036). The XbaI polymorphism was not associated with BMD at the femoral neck or lumbar spine. Conclusion The PvuII polymorphism had a very weak association with femoral neck BMD whereas XbaI polymorphism was unlikely to be a predictor of femoral neck or spine BMD in Chinese women.     

Associations of polymorphisms in the vitamin D receptor gene (BsmI and FokI) with bone mineral density in postmenopausal women in Malta

Previous studies have suggested that variations in the vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene are related to bone mineral density (BMD). In this study, the TC transition in the start codon and the GA polymorphism at the 3 end of the VDR gene, identified by endonucleases FokI and BsmI, respectively, were analysed and correlated with BMD in postmenopausal Maltese women (n=104). Genotype frequencies observed for the VDR start codon polymorphism (SCP) were CC: 60.4%; CT: 30.7% and TT: 8.9%, while those observed for the 3 in this study were GG: 16.4%; GA: 51.9%; AA: 31.7%. In postmenopausal women, both lumbar and femoral BMD were observed to be highest in CC homozygotes for the FokI genotype and in GG homozygotes for the BsmI genotype, although in both groups the difference between the genotypes was not statistically significant, even after adjusting BMD for age, BMI and years since menopause. No evidence of linkage disequilibrium between the two alleles was observed.     

阿伦膦酸盐对绝经后骨质疏松妇女骨密度的影响

为了解阿伦膦酸盐对骨密度的影响及其安全性和耐受性,对２０名绝经后骨质疏松的妇女中进行阿伦膦酸盐（ａｌｅｎｄｒｏｎａｔｅ）１０ｍｇ／天和安慰剂的随机、双盲、前瞻性研究,为期一年。结果显示,１年后阿伦膦酸盐组与安慰剂组相比,骨密度平均增长率：椎骨分别为４．８７％与－０．２３％;股骨颈分别为６．８９％与－１．８４％,（Ｐ＜０．０５）。副反应仅为轻微胃肠道反应。结论：阿伦膦酸盐能有效增加骨密度,且药物安全,耐受性好     

青少年特发性脊柱侧凸患者雌激素受体基因多态性与骨密度的关系

目的探讨青少年特发性脊柱侧凸患者雌激素受体基因多态性与骨密度的关系。方法取青少年特发性脊柱侧凸女性患者92例,年龄10～19岁,Cobb角25°～134°,应用聚合酶链反应限制性片段长度多态(PCRRFLPs)的方法分析雌激素受体基因型,同时用双能X线骨密度吸收仪分别对其腰椎(L24)和股骨近端(股骨颈、大转子、Wards三角)的骨密度进行测量。结果特发性脊柱侧凸患者雌激素受体基因型PvuⅡ多态性PP,Pp,pp型分别为19.6%,46.7%,33.7%,XbaⅠ多态性XX,Xx,xx型分别为22.8%,33.7%,43.5%;XX型的腰椎、股骨大转子和Wards三角的骨密度明显低于xx型(P<0.05),而PvuⅡ基因的各基因型与骨密度无关;联合分析PvuⅡ和XbaⅠ位点,PPXX基因型的腰椎、股骨大转子和Wards三角的骨密度明显低于Ppxx和ppxx型(P<0.05)。结论雌激素受体XbaⅠ基因多态性与特发性脊柱侧凸患者的骨密度有关,PPXX基因型的骨密度较低,有助于较早发现特发性脊柱侧凸的低骨量者。     

The association between vitamin D receptor gene polymorphisms and bone mineral density at the spine,hip and whole-body in premenopausal women

The genetic influence on bone mineral density (BMD) is thought to be mediated in part by alleles at the vitamin D receptor (VDR) locus. In order to assess the effect of VDR on BMD in premenopausal women, we studied 470 healthy white subjects, aged 44–50 years, participating in the Women's Healthy Lifestyle Project. Each participant was genotyped for theBsmI polymorphism at the VDR gene locus. BMD at the lumbar spine, hip and whole-body, and the whole-body soft tissue composition, were measured cross-sectionally using a Hologic QDR 2000 densitometer. The presence of a polymorphic restriction site at the VDR gene locus was specified asb, whereas absence of this site wasB. The frequency distribution of the VDR genotype was:bb, 20.6%;Bb, 39.1%; andBB, 40.2%. Spinal BMD (mean±SD) was significantly lower in women with VDR genotypeBB (1.038±0.11 g/cm²) as compared with those with genotypebb (1.069±0.12 g/cm²,p<0.05). Trochanter BMD was 2.7% lower in those with genotypeBB versusbb (0.685±0.10 g/cm² vs 0.708±0.09 g/cm²). A similar trend was shown at each subregion of the hip, but not at the whole-body. In premenopausal women, allelic status at the VDR locus contributed to variations in spinal and trochanteric BMDs, but the absolute difference in BMDs was small, amounting to 0.26 and 0.23 standard deviations, respectively. It is concluded that in this population of healthy premenopausal women there was a significant association between polymorphisms at the VDR gene locus and both spinal and trochanteric BMDs, yet no association was demonstrated for the whole-body BMD.     

太极对预防绝经后女性骨密度的荟萃分析

目的 评价太极对预防绝经后女性骨密度的影响。方法 通过检索数据库搜集太极对绝经后女性骨密度影响的文献。采用Revman5.1软件进行分析,评价指标为骨密度。结果 共纳入7篇文献,5篇随机对照试验提示初学太极的绝经女性经过太极训练后可减少其骨密度的丢失;2篇横断面研究提示长期有规律的进行太极锻炼可预防绝经后女性的骨密度流失。但方法学上存在差异,Meta分析的结果显示,太极未可改善绝经后女性骨密度。结论 目前尚未有足够的证据指出,太极对预防绝经后女性骨密度的影响积极有效。     

Lack of association between calcium-sensing receptor gene "A986S" polymorphism and bone mineral density in Hungarian postmenopausal women

Calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) is an attractive candidate gene for osteoporosis susceptibility. The CaSR “A986S” genotype has been shown to have an effect on serum calcium. Recently, an association has been reported between the CaSR gene A986S polymorphism and bone mineral density in healthy white girls. In this study, we examined whether CaSR gene A986S polymorphism is associated with decreased bone mass in 230 Hungarian postmenopausal women. From this cohort, 108 osteoporotic patients were compared with 122 healthy control women. Bone mineral density (BMD) was measured at the lumbar spine (L2–4) and femoral neck using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Allele-specific polymerase chain reaction was used to amplify A986S polymorphisms of the CaSR gene. We found no difference in the distribution of different alleles or genotypes between groups (p = 0.762). No significant effect of CaSR genotype on BMD was observed either in the whole population or in the subgroups. Our data do not support the idea that CaSR gene A986S polymorphism has an impact on bone mass.