人载脂蛋白C Ⅱ原核表达载体构建及蛋白表达方法

目的 构建人载脂蛋白CⅡ（ApoCⅡ）的原核表达载体,表达融合蛋白GST-hApoCⅡ.方法 采用限制性内切酶BamH Ⅰ、EcoR Ⅰ双酶切pUC18/hApoCⅡ获得ApoCⅡ成熟肽基因片段,并与相同酶切处理的表达载体pGEX-3X连接构建重组质粒.重组质粒经酶切鉴定、测序验证后转化感受态E.coli DH5α,IPTG诱导表达,优化表达条件,表达产物经SDS-PAGE电泳分析鉴定.选取最佳条件诱导表达,亲和层系法纯化融合蛋白,采用Western blot鉴定.结果 重组质粒经酶切和测序后证实目的基因已连接入表达载体,SDS-PAGE检测到35 kD的目的蛋白条带,优化和纯化后经Western blot证实蛋白质产物为融合蛋白GST-hApoCⅡ.结论 本方法成功表达融合蛋白GST-hApoCⅡ,此为ApoCⅡ结构及其作用机理研究及制备ApoCⅡ抗体等提供了便利条件.     

弓形虫GRA1基因的体外扩增、克隆及鉴定

目的　体外扩增弓形虫RH株致密颗粒蛋白GRA1基因 ,并构建真核表达质粒。方法　从接种了弓形虫RH株的小鼠腹水中收集、纯化速殖子 ,提取基因组DNA ;据已知的GRA1基因列 ,设计合成一对引物 ,并引入EcoRⅠ和BamHⅠ酶切位点。应用PCR技术 ,从弓形虫RH株基因组DNA中扩增GRA1基因片段。扩增目的基因片段经纯化、双酶切后 ,插入真核表达质粒pEGFP -N3中 ,转化大肠杆菌DH5α感受态细胞 ,于卡那霉素阳性LB平板上筛选阳性克隆。重组子经EcoRⅠ和BamHⅠ双酶切、PCR鉴定。结果　从弓形虫RH株基因组DNA中扩增出 785bp的GRA1基因片段 ,构建重组质粒pEGFPN3-GRA1,酶切和PCR鉴定产物大小均与预期值相符。 结论　成功地从弓形虫RH株基因组DNA中获取了GRA1基因 ,并构建了pEGFPN3-GRA1重组质粒。为重组质粒的进一步表达和核酸疫苗的研究创造了条件     

结核分支杆菌Ag85 B分泌蛋白基因疫苗的构建和免疫原性的研究

目的：构建编码结核分支杆菌（MTB）Ag85B分泌蛋白的重组真核表达质粒,并研究其免疫原性。方法：采用聚合酶链反应（PCR）方法从结构分支杆菌H37Ra基因组DNA中扩增出Ag85B分泌蛋白基因,用HindⅢ和EcoRⅠ消化后,与同样酶消化的pcDNA3连接,转化大肠杆菌JM109,阳性克隆用酶切鉴定;重组表达质粒肌注免疫小鼠4周后,分别用dot blotting和ELISA方法检测抗体的产生和滴度,结果：酶切监定重组表达质粒pTB30s构建成功,dot blotting检测免疫小鼠血清抗Ag85B特异性抗体阳性,ELISA检测抗体几何平均滴度为1：120。结论：应进一步研究pTB30s刺激机体的细胞免疫应答,以用于结核病（TB）的防治研究。     

抗汉坦病毒核衣壳蛋白单链抗体基因的克隆与鉴定

目的将已筛选出的抗汉坦病毒核衣壳蛋白（NP）抗原单链抗体基因克隆入原核表达载体pGEX-6p-1,构建重组表达质粒pGEX-6P-1-scFv。方法提取含抗NP抗原单链抗体基因的T7噬菌体DNA,此为模板,PCR扩增单链抗体基因,BamHI和SalⅠ双酶切,经连接酶与BamHⅠ和SalⅠ双酶切的表达载体pGEX-6p-1连接;重组DNA转化入宿主菌E．coli BL-21（DE3）,琼脂糖凝胶电泳初筛选阳性重组质粒,并用PCR法、双酶切法及DNA测序鉴定。结果重组质粒pGEX-6P-1-scFv经BamHⅠ和SalⅠ双酶切,片段大小分别为5000bp和750bp,与预期值一致;重组质粒PCR产物大小为750bp,与预期值一致;测定重组质粒序列,并与scFv序列比较,结果相一致。抗NP单链抗体基因序列克隆人表达载体pGEX-6p-1。结论成功构建了含抗汉坦病毒NP抗原单链抗体基因的重组原核表达质粒pGEX-6P-1-SCFv。     

编码弓形虫致密颗粒抗原-1(GRA1)质粒DNA免疫小鼠诱导抗弓形虫感染的保护性

目的构建真核表达质粒pcGRA1,并观察其免疫小鼠的保护性. 方法经PCR从cDNA克隆中扩增出GRA1编码基因,定向克隆入pcDNA3的EcoRⅠ/XhoⅠ位点,从而获得pcGRA1.用限制性内切酶消化、PCR及序列测定对该重组质粒进行鉴定.将100 μg质粒于小鼠左后腿DNA肌注,于注射后2周和4周各加强1次;分别观察小鼠体内的特异性抗体滴度、GRA1基因在小鼠体内的分布、GRA1在肌细胞的表达以及免疫小鼠对弓形虫强毒株RH速殖子攻击后的保护性. 结果 DNA序列测定结果表明,将573 bp的GRA1编码阅读框定向克隆到pcDNA3 EcoRⅠ/XhoⅠ位点,成功构建了重组质粒pcGRA1;免疫小鼠血清中检测到特异性IgG;不同组织DNA为模板特异地扩增出GRA1编码基因;IFA检测pcGRA1免疫鼠肌细胞呈阳性反应;弓形虫RH株速殖子攻击感染pcGRA1免疫鼠,其存活时间长于对照组. 结论重组质粒pcGRA1免疫小鼠可诱导特异性免疫反应,对弓形虫强毒株的攻击感染具有一定的保护性.     

小鼠FGF-21 siRNA腺病毒载体的构建与鉴定

目的构建含FGF-21 siRNA基因的重组腺病毒载体并鉴定。方法首先用BamHⅠ+HindⅢ双酶切本课题组前期构建的质粒pSi-lencer1.0-shFGF-21,得到0.3 bp的目的片段,并将目的片段亚克隆入穿梭质粒(pShuttle-shFGF-21,),用I-CeuI和I-SceI双酶切处理pAdxsi组腺病载体及pShuttle-shFGF-21,连接,转化DH5α感受态细胞,筛选、鉴定、测序后,最后在293细胞内包装扩增为重组腺病毒。结果设计并构建了小鼠FGF-21基因特异性siRNA腺病毒载体,并经酶切和测序鉴定。空斑形成实验测得腺病毒滴度为1×1010PFU/ml。结论成功构建了小鼠FGF-21基因特异性siRNA腺病毒载体。     

结核分枝杆菌esat6-cfp10融合基因稳定表达细胞系的建立

目的筛选并建立稳定表达结核分枝杆菌esat6-cfp10融合基因的P815细胞株,为结核杆菌DNA疫苗的效果评价提供体外细胞感染模型。方法以BamHⅠ、EcoRⅠ双酶切pGEM610获得esat6-cfp10融合基因,克隆入真核表达载体pCDNA3.1(+),重组质粒酶切鉴定正确后以阳离子聚合物转染P815细胞,多轮筛选过后分别以RT-PCR方法检测mRNA表达和间接免疫荧光技术检测目的蛋白的表达。结果构建了重组质粒pCDNA610,RT-PCR结果证明esat6-cfp10融合基因已稳定整合在转染P815细胞染色体上,间接免疫荧光检测后表达有ESAT6-CFP10蛋白的阳性细胞着染。结论获得了稳定表达结核分枝杆菌esat6-cfp10融合基因的P815细胞株,为今后在小鼠体内检测结核杆菌DNA疫苗激发的CTL反应奠定了基础。     

ROCK-Ⅱ基因shRNA质粒表达载体的构建与鉴定

目的 构建表达Rho激酶(ROCK)-Ⅱ特异性siRNA的重组质粒.方法 按照Elbashir等设计原则和siRNA表达载体的要求,利用Ambion公司在线siRNA Tatget finder软件,设计带有BamH I、Bbs I酶切黏性末端、终止识别序列和LOOP环的shRNA,并将其克隆入载体pGPU6/GFP/Neo,构建成ROCK-Ⅱ特异siRNA重组质粒,然后进行酶切鉴定及基因测序.结果 设计的shRNA成功克隆入载体pGPU6/GFP/Neo,构建成ROCK-Ⅱ特异siRNA重组质粒,酶切鉴定及基因测序表明设计序列完全相符,目的 基因序列准确无误.结论 重组质粒构建成功,为今后体外或体内研究ROCK基因在脊髓损伤后的功能修复提供了一种有效的方法.     

日本血吸虫Calpain序列分析及DNA疫苗体系的构建

目的　探讨日本血吸虫疫苗候选分子 -钙离子激活的中性蛋白激酶 (Calpain)在抗日本血吸虫感染的保护性作用及其保护性免疫机制。方法　从日本血吸虫成虫中提取RNA ,用RT -PCR扩增Calpain含多个B ,T细胞表位的片段 ,引物中包含BamHI和EcoRI的酶切位点 ,PCR扩增产物经纯化后TA克隆 ,转化的阳性TA克隆经PCR筛选后 ,液体培养大肠杆菌并回收质粒DNA ,质粒DNA经BamHⅠ和EcoRⅠ双酶切 ,目的基因亚克隆到真核表达质粒pVAC载体 ,构建 pVAC -Cal pain真核表达体系 ,转化的阳性亚克隆经PCR筛选 ,液体培养大肠杆菌并回收pVAC -Calpain质粒DNA ,质粒DNA经BamHⅠ和EcoRⅠ双酶切和DNA序列分析鉴定被亚克隆的Calpain基因。 结果　RT -PCR从日本血吸虫RNA中扩增了 4 5 3bp的Calpain基因 ,经BamHⅠ和EcoRⅠ双酶切和DNA序列分析鉴定Calpain基因被克隆到真核表达质粒 pVAC载体。 结论　日本血吸虫疫苗候选分子Calpain的DNA疫苗体系的建立将有助于解析这个疫苗候选分子抗日本血吸虫感染的保护性免疫作用及保护性免疫机制。     

弓形虫表面抗原P22编码基因片段的亚克隆与表达

目的亚克隆弓形虫RH株表面抗原P22编码基因,构建表达质粒pBK/P22,并对其在大肠杆菌(E.coli)中的表达作初步研究. 方法以限制性内切酶BamHⅠ和KpnⅠ双酶切质粒pBCG5.6/P22,获得弓形虫表面抗原P22编码基因目的片段,在以低熔点琼脂糖回收纯化后,插入表达质粒载体pBK-CMV的多克隆位点,构建重组体pBK/P22,并转化大肠杆菌DH 5α,快速酚法初筛阳性重组子,阳性克隆以PCR法与限制性酶切分析鉴定后,以IPTG进行诱导在E.coli DH 5α中表达,表达产物以SDS-PAGE与免疫印迹分析. 结果双酶切质粒pBCG5.6/P22,获得约593 bp的P22编码基因片段,与预期片段大小相符;所构建pBK/P22重组体阳性克隆经双酶切和PCR鉴定与预期结果一致;SDS-PAGE与免疫印迹显示,表达产物的大小约28 ku. 结论成功亚克隆并构建了弓形虫表面抗原P22编码基因pBK/P22表达质粒,诱导表达了弓形虫P22表面抗原蛋白,为抗原免疫特性的研究奠定了基础.     

胰岛素瘤的解剖分布特点分析

目的胰岛素瘤是最常见的胰腺神经内分泌肿瘤，因其临床表现多样，导致诊断困难。影像学诊断尤其是超声内镜(EUS)在胰岛素瘤的诊断中起着重要作用，拥有较高的敏感性和特异性。本研究拟通过明确胰岛素瘤的解剖分布特点，以期有助于提高影像学的诊断准确率和降低漏诊率，尤其是在教育和培训实践中对于EUS的学习者更具有指导价值。 方法回顾性分析解放军总医院第一医学中心病案资料数据库1993年1月至2019年11月经外科手术、病理确诊为胰岛素瘤的患者的临床资料，检索方法采取搜索术后病理诊断为"胰岛素瘤"的病例，通过查阅病例的方法，提取出胰岛素瘤的大小和解剖分布等数据，进一步分析其特点。 结果共检索到确诊为胰岛素瘤的患者116例，其中，男45例、女71例，年龄13～76岁，平均年龄(44.4±14.85)岁。胰岛素瘤单发110例(94.8%)、多发6例(5.2%)。位置分布：头颈部46例(39.7%)，单发45例、多发1例；体尾部68例(58.6%)，单发65例、多发3例；全胰腺多发2例(1.7%)。病变大小特点：最大径0.4～3.4 cm，平均大小(1.53±0.58)cm。≤1 cm 29例、>1 cm而≤1.5 cm41例、>1.5 cm而≤2.0 cm28例，≤3 cm 15例，>3 cm 3例。年龄与肿瘤的大小相关，≤44岁患者肿瘤平均大小为(1.36±0.51)cm、>44岁患者肿瘤平均大小为(1.70±0.60)cm，P<0.05。头颈部的肿瘤大于体尾部的肿瘤，头颈部肿瘤平均大小(1.66±0.63)cm，体尾部(1.42±0.52)cm，P<0.05。 结论胰岛素瘤在胰腺体尾部较头颈部更好发；绝大多数单发，但可以全胰腺多发；多数小于1.5 cm，肿瘤的大小与患者年龄和肿瘤的解剖分布相关。     

Pathogenesis of carcinoma of the papilla of Vater

Most adenomas and carcinomas of the small intestine and extrahepatic bile ducts arise in the region of the papilla of Vater. In familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) it is the main location for carcinomas after proctocolectomy. In many cases symptoms due to stenosis lead to diagnosis at an early tumor stage. In about 80%, curative intended resection is possible. Operability is the most relevant prognostic factor. Most ampullary carcinomas resp. carcinomas of the papilla of Vater develop from adenomatous or flat dysplastic precursor lesions. They can be sited in the ampulloduodenal part of the papilla of Vater, which is lined by intestinal mucosa. They also can develop in deeper parts of the ampulla, which are lined by pancreaticobiliary duct mucosa. Intestinal-type adenocarcinoma and pancreaticobiliary-type adenocarcinoma represent the main histological types of ampullary carcinoma. Furthermore, there exist unusual types and undifferentiated carcinomas. Many carcinomas of intestinal type express the immunohistochemical marker profile of intestinal mucosa (keratin 7?, keratin 20+, MUC2+). Carcinomas of pancreaticobiliary type usually show the immunohistochemical profile of pancreaticobiliary duct mucosa (keratin 7+, keratin 20?, MUC2?). Even poorly differentiated carcinomas, as well as unusual histological types, may conserve the marker profile of the mucosa they developed from. These findings underline the concept of histogenetically different carcinomas of the papilla of Vater which develop either from intestinal- or from pancreaticobiliary-type mucosa of the papilla of Vater. Molecular alterations in ampullary carcinomas are similar to those of colorectal as well as pancreatic carcinomas, although they appear at different frequencies. In future studies, molecular alterations in ampullary carcinomas should be correlated closely with the different histologic tumor types. Consequently, the histologic classification should reflect the histogenesis of ampullary tumors from the two different types of papillary mucosa.     

Demonstration of the mechanism of action of biguanides

Summary Palmitic acid oxidation in rat diaphragm homogenate is depressed by biguanide concentrations that are still incapable of inhibiting oxidative phosphorylation. Glucose oxidation is not directly effected by the same biguanide concentrations: however, the inhibitory effect of palmitic acid on glucose oxidation is partly removed by biguanides. Inhibition of fatty acid oxidation, which accounts for most of the metabolic effects caused by these drugs, can be regarded as the fundamental mechanism of action of biguanides. There is some evidence suggesting that these drugs might interact with carnitine, thus preventing long-chain fatty acids from being transported across the mitochondrial membrane to the site of oxidation. Traduzione a cura degli AA.     

Lack of correlation of degree of villous atrophy with severity of clinical presentation of coeliac disease

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Both the clinical presentation and the degree of mucosal damage in coeliac disease vary greatly. In view of conflicting information as to whether the mode of presentation correlates with the degree of villous atrophy, we reviewed a large cohort of patients with coeliac disease. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We correlated mode of presentation (classical, diarrhoea predominant or atypical/silent) with histology of duodenal biopsies and examined their trends over time. RESULTS: The cohort consisted of 499 adults, mean age 44.1 years, 68% females. The majority had silent coeliac disease (56%) and total villous atrophy (65%). There was no correlation of mode of presentation with the degree of villous atrophy (p=0.25). Sixty-eight percent of females and 58% of males had a severe villous atrophy (p=0.052). There was a significant trend over time for a greater proportion of patients presenting as atypical/silent coeliac disease and having partial villous atrophy, though the majority still had total villous atrophy. CONCLUSIONS: Among our patients the degree of villous atrophy in duodenal biopsies did not correlate with the mode of presentation, indicating that factors other than the degree of villous atrophy must account for diarrhoea in coeliac disease.     

血吸虫童虫生长发育及其机制的研究进展

血吸虫童虫是宿主免疫系统攻击的重要靶标,包括皮肤型、肺型和肝门型童虫。宿主分子对童虫生长发育具有重要作用。童虫生长发育机制包括免疫调节、信号转导、性别发育及凋亡等。肌动蛋白、组织蛋白酶、烯醇化酶和葡萄糖基转移酶等分子为血吸虫童虫生长发育的重要分子。本文对血吸虫童虫生长发育及其机制的研究进展做一综述。     

氯硝柳胺悬浮剂的毒性评价

目的评价氯硝柳胺悬浮剂的毒性，为现场大规模应用灭螺提供依据。方法按照中华人民共和国国家标准GB 15670-1995《农药登记毒理学试验方法》和鱼类毒性试验方法进行。结果经口、经皮肤的LDso雌、雄性大鼠均>5 000 mg/kg，经呼吸道的LCso雌、雄性大鼠均>5 000mg/m3，该药经口、经皮肤、经呼吸道毒性均属微毒类药物；兔眼用药后，观察期内无不良反应，对眼无刺激性；皮肤用药后对皮肤无刺激性。与氯硝柳胺原药、氯硝柳胺乙醇胺盐原药和氯硝柳胺乙醇胺盐可湿性粉剂相比，氯硝柳胺悬浮剂对鱼急性毒性最低。结论氯硝柳胺悬浮剂属微毒类药物，对鱼的毒性低于其乙醇胺盐可湿性粉剂，适合于现场应用。     

124例耐多药结核分枝杆菌基因突变特征分析

目的对临床分离的耐多药结核分枝杆菌相关基因的突变特征进行分析。方法对124例耐多药结核分枝杆菌以及50株敏感株的耐药相关基因(包括异烟肼inh A、kat G、oxyR-ahp C间隔区以及利福平rpo B)进行序列测定,分析其基因突变情况。结果异烟肼耐药inh A基因突变率为14.5%;kat G基因突变率为70.2%(87/124),主要位于315位;oxyR-ahp C间隔区突变率为15.3%;inh A、kat G两种基因同时突变率75.0%,三种基因同时突变率为89.5%。利福平rpo B基因突变的检出率高达95.2%,突变主要发生在531、526、516位点。结论我省耐多药菌异烟肼耐药相关基因最常见突变为kat G 315、inh A C-T(-15)、axyR-ahp C间隔区(-10)C-T,利福平为rpo B531、526、516。结合MDR-TB耐药相关基因的特征分析,可以建立一种快速、准确、特异的适合于我省的检测结核菌耐多药性的新方法。     

Assessment of quality of life of parents of children with juvenile chronic arthritis

The aim of the study was to assess the quality of life (QOL) and the psychological status of parents of children with juvenile chronic arthritis (JCA). The QOL, anxiety and depression of the parents of 28 children with JCA were evaluated and compared to those of the parents of 28 healthy children. Mothers of JCA children and mothers of healthy children reported similar QOL. The reported anxiety and depression levels were similar for mothers and fathers in both groups. The parents of children with pauciarticular-type JCA reported lower QOL and higher levels of anxiety and depression than the parents of children with other types, namely polyarticular and systemic JCA. These findings may be explained by the fact that the pauciarticular patients had shorter disease duration and were less frequently seen in the outpatient clinic. The QOL of mothers of children with JCA was found to be slightly impaired in the group of children with pauciarticular JCA. Future larger studies are needed to confirm these results, as the number of subjects in the three groups was rather low. Received: 26 September 2001 / Accepted: 8 February 2002     

Numerical Simulation of the Effect of Rate of Change of Glucose on Measurement Error of Continuous Glucose Monitors

Background

A 5-day in-patient study designed to assess the accuracy of the FreeStyle Navigator® Continuous Glucose Monitoring System revealed that the level of accuracy of the continuous sensor measurements was dependent on the rate of glucose change. When the absolute rate of change was less than 1 mg•dl⁻¹•min⁻¹ (75% of the time), the median absolute relative difference (ARD) was 8.5%, with 85% of all points falling within the A zone of the Clarke error grid. When the absolute rate of change was greater than 2 mg•dl⁻¹•min⁻¹ (8% of the time), the median ARD was 17.5%, with 59% of all points falling within the Clarke A zone.

Method

Numerical simulations were performed to investigate effects of the rate of change of glucose on sensor measurement error. This approach enabled physiologically relevant distributions of glucose values to be reordered to explore the effect of different glucose rate-of-change distributions on apparent sensor accuracy.

Results

The physiological lag between blood and interstitial fluid glucose levels is sufficient to account for the observed difference in sensor accuracy between periods of stable glucose and periods of rapidly changing glucose.

Conclusions

The role of physiological lag on the apparent decrease in sensor accuracy at high glucose rates of change has implications for clinical study design, regulatory review of continuous glucose sensors, and development of performance standards for this new technology. This work demonstrates the difficulty in comparing accuracy measures between different clinical studies and highlights the need for studies to include both relevant glucose distributions and relevant glucose rate-of-change distributions.     

Study of constancy of hydrogen-consuming flora of human colon

The constancy of the hydrogen consuming flora of the human colon was studied in 15 healthy subjects via two measurements obtained 18 to 36 months apart. Hydrogen disappearance rate and the major products of H₂-consuming bacteria, methane and sulfide, were measured during incubation of fecal homogenates with excess hydrogen and sulfate. In 11/15, the hydrogen consumption rate and the predominant hydrogen-consuming pathway (methanogenesis, sulfate reduction, or neither) remained constant. However, major shifts in these pathways were observed in four subjects, with two losing and two gaining the ability to produce methane. Methanogenesis was associated with the highest hydrogen consumption rate. This study demonstrates that clinically unrecognizable, major alterations of the colonic flora occur in healthy subjects. Understanding of the factors responsible for these alterations might allow for therapeutic manipulation of the colonic flora.Supported in part by the Department of Veterans Affairs and NIDDKD RO1 DK 13309-25.