调节性T细胞和辅助性T细胞17的平衡变化在慢性乙型肝炎病毒感染中的作用

目的 研究调节性T细胞(Treg)和辅助性T细胞17(Th17)的平衡变化在慢性HBV感染中的作用.方法 应用ELISA法和流式细胞术分别对34例慢性乙型肝炎(CHB)患者、20例HBV相关慢加急性肝功能衰竭(ACHBLF)患者和20例健康对照者外周血中Treg和Th17分化相关细胞因子及外周血Th17和Treg细胞水平进行检测.计数资料应用Fisher's确切概率法,计量资料应用单因素方差分析和Tukey's多重比较检验.结果 ACHBLF组Th17分化相关因子IL-1β为(3.97±2.85) pg/mL,IL-6为(12.75±8.87)pg/mL,IL-21为(360.0±335.7)pg/mL,比健康对照组的IL-1β[(1.87±0.94)pg/mL,q=4.559,P＜0.01)、IL-6[(5.28±o.72)pg/mL,q=7.309,P＜0.01)和IL-21[(46.68±20.17) pg/mL,q=6.946,P＜0.01)均明显上调.ACHBLF组外周血Th17细胞比例明显高于健康对照组(q=3.972,P＜0.05).与健康对照组和ACHBLF组相比,CHB组Treg细胞分化相关因子TGF-β明显升高(q=4.536、5.323,均P＜0.01),外周血Treg比例也明显升高.ACHBLF组Th17细胞效应因子IL-17A水平最高,ACHBLF患者外周血Th17细胞比例与血清TBil水平呈正相关(γ=0.74,P＜0.01).结论 慢性HBV感染中,宿主免疫存在Th17和Treg失衡,ACHBLF组以Th17细胞活动为主,CHB组以Treg细胞活动为主.     

辅助性T细胞17/调节性T细胞与慢性乙型肝炎中医辨证分型的关系及意义

目的:观察Th17/Treg在慢性乙型肝炎(CHB)中医不同证型中的变化。方法:90例CHB患者按中医辨证分为湿热中阻型、肝郁脾虚型、肝肾阴虚型、脾肾阳虚型、瘀血阻络型,同时选择健康志愿者30例,流式细胞术测定辅助性T淋巴细胞17(Th17)、调节性T(Treg)细胞水平。结果:CHB组与健康对照组Th17细胞、Treg细胞、Th17/Treg比值比较差异有统计学意义(均P<0.05);湿热中阻型、肝郁脾虚型患者ALT水平、Th17细胞、Treg细胞、Th17/Treg比值与其他3种证型比较,差异有统计学意义(均P<0.05);瘀血阻络型、肝肾阴虚型、脾肾阳虚型,3组患者ALT水平、Th17细胞、Treg细胞、Th17/Treg比值差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。结论:Th17/Treg在HBV感染中存在失衡,CHB中医不同证型中均存在Th17/Treg失衡,以湿热中阻型、肝郁脾虚型尤为明显,并与ALT水平相关。     

肠源性内毒素血症对慢性乙型肝炎患者调节性T淋巴细胞/辅助性T淋巴细胞17的影响

目的探讨肠源性内毒素血症(IETM)对慢性乙型肝炎(CHB)患者调节性T淋巴细胞(Treg)/辅助性T淋巴细胞(Th)17的影响。方法选取2014年12月-2015年10月在山西医科大学第一医院住院治疗的CHB患者(CHB组)80例,同时选取健康体检者(HC组)20例作为对照。根据内毒素(ET)水平将CHB组分为ET阳性组和ET阴性组。测定外周血单个核细胞中叉头样转录因子(Foxp3)、维甲酸相关孤核受体γt(RORγt)mRNA的表达,Treg和Th17百分比,以及ALT、HBV DNA水平。计量资料两组间比较采用独立样本t检验,多组间比较用单因素方差分析,进一步两两比较采用SNK-q检验,计数资料组间比较采用χ2检验。结果 CHB组Treg、Th17百分比、Foxp3、RORγt相对表达量与HC组比较均明显增高[(6.51±1.18)%vs(5.91±1.29)%,(4.99±1.07)%vs(4.18±0.87)%,2.12±0.83 vs 1.60±0.70,1.56±0.77 vs 1.09±0.59],P值均0.05。ET阳性组Treg、Th17百分比、Foxp3、RORγt相对表达量、Th17/Treg、RORγt/Foxp3、ALT水平与ET阴性组比较均明显增高[(6.75±1.17)%vs(6.21±1.14)%,(5.39±1.03)%vs(4.48±0.91)%,2.29±0.90 vs 1.91±0.70,1.84±0.76 vs 1.23±0.64,0.82±0.19 vs 0.74±0.16,0.95±0.38 vs 0.74±0.54,(220.16±115.82)U/L vs(170.86±99.69)U/L],P值均0.05。ET阳性组HBV DNA载量比ET阴性组增高,但差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。相关分析表明,CHB患者ET水平与Th17、Treg及ALT呈正相关(r值分别为,P值均0.05),而与HBV DNA无相关性。结论 CHB患者体内存在的IETM可能通过调控Foxp3、RORγt mRNA表达增加,导致外周血Treg、Th17百分比升高,进而Treg/Th17比例失衡,使HBV难以清除而导致慢性化。     

慢性乙型肝炎患者外周血中调节性T淋巴细胞、Ⅰ型调节性T淋巴细胞和辅助性T淋巴细胞17的表达特点及临床意义

目的探讨慢性乙型肝炎(CHB)患者外周血中CD4+CD25+Foxp3+(Treg)、CD4+CD25+IL-10+(Tr1)和CD4+IL-17+(Th17)的表达特点及其与CHB病情的关系。方法选取2013年1月至2014年6月解放军第一八○医院收治的轻中度CHB患者和重度CHB患者各40例,另选取同期无肝病诊断史的健康人40例为对照。分别抽取CHB患者及对照者的外周血,以流式细胞术检测外周血中Treg、Tr1和Th17表达水平,real time-PCR检测血清中Foxp3、RORγt mRNA水平,ELISA检测患者血清中TGFβ1、IL-10、IL-17表达水平。计量资料组间比较采用单因素方差分析和LSD-t检验。结果轻中度和重度CHB患者与对照组相比,Treg、Tr1和Th17的百分率,转录因子Foxp3、RORγt表达水平,细胞因子TGFβ1、IL-10、IL-17水平均明显高于健康对照组(P值均0.05);而Treg/Th17和Foxp3/RORγt值显著低于对照组(P值均0.05)。与轻中度CHB患者相比,重度CHB患者Treg、Tr1和Th17的百分率,Foxp3、RORγt表达水平,TGFβ1、IL-10、IL-17水平均显著升高(P值均0.05);Treg/Th17和Foxp3/RORγt值显著降低(P值均0.05)。结论 CHB患者中Treg(特别是Tr1)和Th17的表达失衡程度与CHB病情进展呈正相关,因此,对于CHB患者,纠正Treg(特别是Tr1)和Th17表达失衡可能是很重要的治疗措施,同时监测Treg(特别是Tr1)和Th17的表达比例改变,对于估计CHB患者病情预后、指导临床治疗有积极作用。     

从Th1/Th2、Treg/Th17之间的平衡研究轻、中度慢性乙型肝炎患者CD4~+T淋巴细胞的免疫失衡状态

目的从Th17及其相关细胞因子与Th1、Th2、Treg的相互关系,探讨轻、中度CHB患者CD4~+T淋巴细胞的整体免疫失衡状态。方法选择轻、中度CHB患者,与健康志愿者进行比较,观察其外周血各免疫细胞(Th17、Th1、Th2、Treg、Th1/Th2、Treg/Th17)、相关细胞因子(IL-17、IL-6、TGF-β、IFN-γ、IL-4)、主要效应分子(穿孔素、颗粒酶B)和核转录因子(孤独核受体RORγt、Foxp3等)的变化及其相互关系。结果与健康志愿者相比,CHB患者CD8~+T淋巴细胞比例更高,CD4~+/CD8~+比例显著下降,差异有统计学意义(P0.01);与健康志愿者相比,CHB患者Th1细胞比例更高,Th1/Th2显著升高,差异有统计学意义(P0.01);与健康志愿者相比,CHB患者Th17细胞比例更高,Treg/Th17比例显著下降,差异有统计学意义(P0.01);与健康志愿者相比,CHB患者穿孔素和颗粒酶B的表达更高,差异有统计学意义(P0.01);与健康志愿者相比,CHB患者FOXP3、IL17mRNA和RORγt的表达差异无统计学意义(P0.05);与健康志愿者相比,CHB患者TGF-B1、IL-6、IL-17显著增高,差异有统计学意义(P0.01);IFN-γ和IL-4的表达差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论轻、中度CHB患者在免疫细胞及其相关细胞因子、效应分子等各环节,尤其是Treg/Th17比例,均处于严重的免疫失衡状态。     

慢性乙型肝炎患者外周血Treg/Th17比值平衡及其对替比夫定治疗效果的影响

目的 探讨慢性乙型肝炎(CHB)患者外周血调节性T淋巴细胞(Treg)/辅助性T细胞17(Th17)平衡及其对替比夫定治疗应答的预测能力。方法 2019年2月～2020年3月我院诊治的123例CHB患者和112例乙型肝炎病毒携带者,另选同期健康人95例,给予CHB患者替比夫定治疗48 w,使用流式细胞仪检测外周血Treg细胞和Th17细胞百分比,计算Treg/Th17比值。采用Logistic多因素回归模型分析影响替比夫定治疗应答的因素,应用受试者工作特征曲线(ROC)下面积(AUC)分析Treg/Th17比值预测替比夫定治疗应答的价值。结果 CHB患者外周血Treg细胞和Th17细胞百分比及Treg/Th17比值分别为(4.8±1.1)%、(6.1±1.7)%和(0.8±0.1),显著高于HBV携带者[分别为(1.1±0.3)%、(2.5±0.8)%和(0.4±0.0),P＜0.05]或健康人[分别为(0.9±0.2)%、(2.1±0.6)%和(0.4±0.0),P＜0.05);在治疗12 w、24 w和48 w, CHB患者血清ALT复常率分别为65.9%、77.2%和93.5%,HBV DNA阴转率分别为61.8%、72.4%和82.9%;在治疗48 w末,21例(17.1%)CHB患者不应答;不应答组复治、服药依从性差、血清ALT水平低、基线HBV DNA载量高、Treg细胞百分比高和Treg/Th17比值高的比率显著高于应答组(P均<0.05);Logistic回归分析显示,复治、基线HBV DNA载量、ALT水平和Treg/Th17比值均为影响替比夫定治疗不应答的独立预测因素(OR=3.695、OR=3.232、OR=3.866、OR=4.039,P均<0.05);ROC分析显示,Treg/Th17比值预测替比夫定治疗不应答的最佳截断点为0.83,AUC为0.923(95%CI:0.860～0.963),其灵敏度为81.0%,特异度为87.3%,准确度为91.1%。结论 CHB患者外周血Treg细胞百分比和Treg/Th17细胞比值异常升高,可能影响替比夫定抗病毒治疗效果,其机制值得进一步研究。     

乙型肝炎病毒感染不同阶段患者外周血CD4+CD25+调节性T细胞的测定

目的 测定HBV感染不同阶段患者外周血CD4+CD25+调节性T细胞(Treg)的频率及标记分子,并分析其与临床指标的相关性.方法 采集79例慢性乙型肝炎(CHB)、12例急性乙型肝炎(AHB)患者、26例无症状HBV携带者(ASC)和20例健康对照的外周血,流式细胞仪分析Treg频率、Treg细胞表面和胞内特征性分子的表达.普通RT-PCR和相对荧光定量PCR测定叉头/翼状转录因子3(Foxp3)在CD25+Treg细胞的表达水平.所有患者及健康对照均经ELISA检测HBV血清标记物水平,实时荧光定量PCR测定血清HBV DNA载量,并进行肝功能检测.结果 总CD4+CD25+T细胞占外周血CD4+T细胞的比率,在各患者组和健康对照组之间差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05).HBeAg阳性CHB组CD4+CD25高表达T细胞频率(3.42%±0.81%)与HBeAg阴性CHB组(3.19%±0.67%)、ASC组(3.05%±0.64%)比较,差异无统计学意义(均P＞0.05),但明显高于健康对照组(2.72%±0.71%,P=0.034)和AHB组(2.25%±0.54%,P=0.013).CD4+CD25高表达T细胞表面高表达CD45RO、CD25分子,低表达CD45RA,细胞内高表达细胞毒性T淋巴细胞相关抗原-4(CTLA-4)和Foxp3.各患者组及健康对照组Treg中Foxp3表达水平的差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).CHB组患者的Treg频率与血清病毒载量呈正相关(r=0.48,P=0.018).结论 Treg可能通过抑制T细胞免疫应答反应而影响病毒清除,并与CHB患者的持续感染密切相关.     

慢性HBV感染者外周血CXCR5~+CD4~+Tfh细胞的测定及其与FoxP3~+Treg细胞的相关性

目的:探讨慢性乙型肝炎病毒(hepatitis Bvirus,HBV)感染不同阶段患者外周血CD4+T淋巴细胞中CD4+CXCR5+Tfh细胞及CD4+CD25+FoxP3+Treg细胞的百分比及其意义.方法:应用流式细胞术检测15例慢性无症状HBV携带者(chronic asymptomatic HBV carriers,AsC)、42例慢性乙型肝炎(chronic hepatitisB,CHB)患者(HBeAg阳性25例、HBeAg阴性17例)、11例非活动性HBsAg携带者(inactive HBsAg carriers,InC)外周血CD4+CXCR5+Tfh细胞及CD4+CD25+FoxP3+Treg细胞占CD4+T淋巴细胞的百分比,并与15例健康对照(healthycontrol,HC)进行比较.结果:AsC、HBeAg(+)CHB、HBeAg(-)CHB组外周血CD4+CXCR5+Tfh细胞占CD4+T淋巴细胞的比例分别为17.66(15.34%-20.56%),21.95(19.60%-26.32%),22.33(17.58%-24.85%),显著高于HC组的13.67(9.80%-15.32%),差异具有统计学意义(P<0.001).与AsC及InC组的16.11(12.33%-19.73%)相比,HBeAg(+)、HBeAg(-)CHB组外周血CD4+CXCR5+Tfh细胞占CD4+T淋巴细胞的比例显著升高(P<0.05).此外,AsC组外周血CD4+CD25+FoxP3+Treg细胞占CD4+T淋巴细胞的比例为7.70(6.35%-9.13%),显著高于HC组的6.53(5.54%-7.35%),P<0.05.HBeAg(+)CHB组外周血CD4+T淋巴细胞中CD4+CD25+FoxP3+Treg细胞的频率为7.52(6.09%-8.49%),与AsC组相比呈降低的趋势.外周血CD4+CXCR5+Tfh细胞占CD4+T淋巴细胞的比例与HBVDNA载量呈负性相关(r=-0.275,P<0.05);而与血清ALT水平、HBsAg滴度无相关性.结论:CD4+CXCR5+Tfh细胞可能参与了慢性HBV感染所介导的免疫反应,外周血CD4+CD25+FoxP3+Treg细胞及CD4+CXCR5+Tfh细胞的消长可能与疾病的活动性相关.     

外周血Th17、Treg细胞水平在溃疡性结肠炎和克罗恩病中的比较研究

目的观察溃疡性结肠炎(UC)和克罗恩病(CD)外周血单个核细胞(PBMCs)中Th17、Treg细胞水平和IL-17 mRNA表达水平的差异。探讨Th17和Treg在UC和CD发病机制中的作用。方法选取2014年1月-2015年12月在湖北医药学院附属人民医院住院治疗的IBD患者100例,其中UC患者50例,CD患者50例,应用流式细胞仪技术检测两组患者外周血中Th17与Treg细胞比例。应用实时荧光定量PCR技术检测两组患者IL-17和Foxp3 mRNA水平的变化。结果 CD患者组外周血Th17细胞比例为(2.01±0.59)%,UC患者外周血Th17细胞比例(4.55±0.75)%,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05);CD患者组外周血Treg细胞比例为(6.08±2.10)%,UC患者为(3.27±0.97)%,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。UC患者组IL-17 mRNA水平约是CD患者的4.5倍;UC患者组Foxp3 mRNA水平约是CD患者的0.4倍,差异均具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论 Th17与Treg细胞比例在UC和CD中有显著性差异,可为临床UC和CD提供新的诊断方法,从而提高UC和CD诊断的正确率。     

慢性乙型肝炎患者外周血中T淋巴细胞亚群和CD4~+CD25~+调节性T淋巴细胞的表达水平与HBV DNA定量的相关分析

目的探讨慢性乙型肝炎(CHB)患者外周血中T淋巴细胞亚群(CD3+T、CD4+T、CD8+T、CD4+/CD8+T)和CD4+CD25+调节性T淋巴细胞(Treg)表达水平与HBV DNA定量的相关性。方法选取2012年7月-12月在兰州市第二人民医院就诊的175例HBV感染者作为研究对象,分为CHB组(63例)、HBV携带者(ASC组)(112例),以同期50例健康体检者作为对照组。采用流式细胞术检测3组患者血清中的CD3+T、CD4+T、CD8+T、CD4+T/CD8+T和CD4+CD25+Treg表达水平,实时荧光定量PCR法检测HBV DNA载量。多组间均数比较采用方差分析,进一步两两比较采用LSD-t检验,计数资料组间比较采用χ2检验;采用Pearson进行相关性分析。结果 CHB患者外周血CD4+CD25+Treg表达水平(30.97±18.78)%显著高于对照组(27.30±17.59)%,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);与对照组相比,CHB组、ASC组的CD3+T、CD4+T淋巴细胞百分数和CD4+与CD8+T淋巴细胞百分数比值显著降低,差异均有统计学意义(P值均0.05),CD8+T淋巴细胞百分数显著升高,差异均有统计学意义(P值均0.05);ASC组和CHB组CD4+CD25+Treg表达水平与HBV DNA呈正相关(r值分别为0.501、0.682,P值均0.01)。结论 HBV感染者存在T淋巴细胞亚群比例异常,HBV DNA可以促进CD4+CD25+Treg表达水平升高,说明CD4+CD25+Treg和CD4+与CD8+T淋巴细胞比例失衡在乙型肝炎慢性化过程中发挥重要作用。     

Natural killer cells and natural killer T cells

NK cells are important in protecting against viral infections, and they may regulate the immune response. They are activated by hematopoietic blasts and pose a barrier to bone marrow transplantation. They are also abundant in the pregnant uterine decidua, although their role there is unknown. NK cells are normally inhibited from responding to host cells by inhibitory receptors that recognize self class I MHC antigens. There is evidence that NK cells may be important in the regulation of autoimmunity, but there is even stronger evidence that NKT cells regulate autoimmunity. The mechanisms by which these cells are activated and by which they regulate other cells are now being understood at the molecular level.     

侧群细胞与肝癌干细胞

肝癌是严重威胁人类生命和健康的一种疾病.其病因和发病机制尚不完全清楚,治疗缺少有效靶点.对肝癌恶性生长、转移及复发机制的研究正在逐渐深入.近年来的研究认为,肿瘤中存在一小群具有自我更新和分化潜能的细胞,即肿瘤干细胞,可能是肿瘤转移和复发的根源.肝癌中应同样存在这样的一群细胞.侧群(side population,SP)细胞是肿瘤细胞中一小部分,具备干细胞的多种特性且易于分离.肝癌组织中SP细胞的鉴定和分离有可能找到肝癌干细胞,有助于肝癌的转移和复发机制的研究,并为肝癌治疗提供有效治疗靶点.     

Mesenchymal cells recruit and regulate T regulatory cells

OBJECTIVE: Despite much investigation into T regulatory cells (Tregs), little is known about the mechanism controlling their recruitment and function. Because multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) exert an immune regulatory function and suppress T-cell proliferation, this in vitro study investigated their role in Treg recruitment and function. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Human MSCs and different T cell populations (CD3(+), CD3(+)/CD45RA(+), CD3(+)/CD45RO(+), CD4(+)/CD25(+), CD4(+)/CD25(+)/CD45RO(+), CD4(+)/CD25(+)/CD45RA(+)) from healthy donors were cocultured for up to 15 days. Harvested lymphocytes were analyzed by flow cytometry and FoxP3 and CD127 expressions were measured by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Their regulatory activity was assessed. RESULTS: We demonstrate MSC recruit Tregs from a fraction of CD3(+) and from immunoselected CD3(+)/CD45RA(+) and CD3(+)/CD45RO(+) fractions. After culture with MSCs both immunoselected fractions registered increases in the CD4(+)/CD25(bright)/FoxP3 subset and CD127 expression was downregulated. When purified Treg populations (CD4/CD25(+), CD4/CD25(+)/CD45RA(+), and CD4/CD25(+)/CD45RO(+)) are used in MSC cocultures, they maintain FoxP3 expression and CD127 expression is downregulated. Treg suppressive capacity was maintained in Treg populations that were layered on MSC for up to 15 days while control Tregs lost all suppressive activity after 5 days culture. CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, our study demonstrates that MSCs recruit, regulate, and maintain T-regulatory phenotype and function over time.     

Stressed apoptotic tumor cells stimulate dendritic cells and induce specific cytotoxic T cells

We have previously reported that stressed apoptotic tumor cells are more immunogenic in vivo than nonstressed ones. Using confocal microscopy we have confirmed our previous observation that heat-stressed apoptotic 12B1-D1 leukemia cells (BCR-ABL(+)) express HSP60 and HSP72 on their surface. To explore how the immune system distinguishes stressed from nonstressed apoptotic tumor cells, we analyzed the responses of dendritic cells to these 2 types of apoptotic cells. We found that nonstressed and heat-stressed apoptotic 12B1-D1 cells were taken up by dendritic cells in a comparable fashion. However, when stressed apoptotic 12B1-D1 cells were coincubated with immature dendritic cells for 24 hours, this resulted in greater up-regulation of costimulatory molecules (CD40, CD80, and CD86) on the surface of dendritic cells. Moreover, stressed apoptotic 12B1-D1 cells were more effective in stimulating dendritic cells to secrete interleukin-12 (IL-12) and in enhancing their immunostimulatory functions in mixed leukocyte reactions. Furthermore, we demonstrated that immunization of mice with stressed apoptotic 12B1-D1 cells induced the secretion of T helper-1 (T(H)1) profile of cytokines by spleen cells. Splenocytes from mice immunized with stressed apoptotic cells, but not nonstressed ones, were capable of lysing 12B1-D1 and the parental 12B1 line, but not a B-cell leukemia line, A20. Our data indicate that stressed apoptotic tumor cells are capable of providing the necessary danger signals, likely through increased surface expression of heat shock proteins (HSPs), resulting in activation/maturation of dendritic cells and, ultimately, the generation of potent antitumor T-cell responses.     

Role of white cells and neoplastic cells in haemostasis

The aim of this review was to assess the role of white cells and neoplastic cells in haemostasis.     

Metabolic state of glioma stem cells and nontumorigenic cells

Gliomas contain a small number of treatment-resistant glioma stem cells (GSCs), and it is thought that tumor regrowth originates from GSCs, thus rendering GSCs an attractive target for novel treatment approaches. Cancer cells rely more on glycolysis than on oxidative phosphorylation for glucose metabolism, a phenomenon used in 2-[(18)F]fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose positron emission tomography imaging of solid cancers, and targeting metabolic pathways in cancer cells has become a topic of considerable interest. However, if GSCs are indeed important for tumor control, knowledge of the metabolic state of GSCs is needed. We hypothesized that the metabolism of GSCs differs from that of their progeny. Using a unique imaging system for GSCs, we assessed the oxygen consumption rate, extracellular acidification rate, intracellular ATP levels, glucose uptake, lactate production, PKM1 and PKM2 expression, radiation sensitivity, and cell cycle duration of GSCs and their progeny in a panel of glioma cell lines. We found GSCs and progenitor cells to be less glycolytic than differentiated glioma cells. GSCs consumed less glucose and produced less lactate while maintaining higher ATP levels than their differentiated progeny. Compared with differentiated cells, GSCs were radioresistant, and this correlated with a higher mitochondrial reserve capacity. Glioma cells expressed both isoforms of pyruvate kinase, and inhibition of either glycolysis or oxidative phosphorylation had minimal effect on energy production in GSCs and progenitor cells. We conclude that GSCs rely mainly on oxidative phosphorylation. However, if challenged, they can use additional metabolic pathways. Therefore, targeting glycolysis in glioma may spare GSCs.     

Bone marrow-derived cells and stem cells in lung repair

Although it has been many years since publication of the first peer-reviewed studies showing that bone marrow (BM)-derived cells can become mature-appearing epithelial cells, we still know very little regarding the mechanisms, kinetics, cells, and potential clinical utility or pathology associated with this phenomenon. The initial discovery of BM-derived epithelial cells (BMDE) in the liver was published by Petersen and colleagues (Petersen BE, Bowen WC, Patrene KD, Mars WM, Sullivan AK, Murase N, Boggs SS, Greenberger JS, Goff JP. Bone marrow as a potential source of hepatic oval cells. Science 1999;284:1168-1170). Since that time, BMDE were identified in the skin, eye, GI tract, kidney, and the lung. Surprisingly, once several laboratories started to examine the effects of BM cells after tissue injury, BM-derived cells of different types were found to decrease tissue injury and enhance tissue repair, often without engraftment of marrow-derived epithelial cells. Thus, the potentially beneficial effects of BM-derived cells in some tissue microenvironments may be unrelated to differentiation into nonhematopoietic cell types. Here, I focus on recent findings from my laboratory as well as several other laboratories on the effects of BM cells on lung damage, and BMDE in the lung, including tracheal epithelial cells, bronchiolar epithelial cells, and type II pneumocytes in the alveoli. Potential mechanisms underlying the appearance of marrow-derived epithelial cells, and the role of tissue damage are discussed.     

胃癌细胞和胃癌多药耐药细胞中P-gp及GST的表达

目的比较胃腺癌SGC-7901细胞和多药耐药细胞SGC-7901/ADR中P-gp和GST表达的差异,进一步探讨胃癌多药耐药机制。方法常规培养人胃癌SGC-7901细胞和多药耐药细胞SGC-7901/ADR。制备细胞爬片,免疫细胞化学方法和灰度测定检测SGC-7901细胞和SGC-7901/ADR中P-gp及GST的表达。结果免疫细胞化学SP法染色后,P-gp蛋白阳性者在胃癌细胞的胞浆和胞膜中可见棕黄色颗粒沉着,GST在胃癌细胞的胞浆中可见棕黄色颗粒。P-gp、GST在胃癌SGC-7901细胞中呈中度表达,在胃癌SGC-7901/ADR细胞中呈高表达,两者比较有显著性差异（P〈0.05）。免疫细胞化学灰度定量测定显示同样的结果。结论 P-gp、GST在胃癌SGC-7901/ADR细胞中的表达较SGC-7901细胞明显增加,可能是胃癌多药耐药的原因之一。