胃肠道癌术后早期腹腔化疗的临床分析

为防止胃肠道癌术后腹腔内复发和肝转移，探讨切实有效的辅助治疗措施。对５０例胃肠道癌根治术后行卡铂、５－Ｆｕ、ＩＬ－２腹腔内灌注，与５０例根治术后单用静脉化疗相比较。腹腔化疗组５年复发率（３２％）明显低于静脉化疗组（６２％）；５年生存率（７２％）明显高于静脉化疗组（４４％）。腹腔化疗组全身毒副反应明显低于静脉化疗组。腹腔热灌注化疗对胃肠道癌术后腹腔内复发及肝转移的预防和治疗颇有意义     

LFP方案双途径化疗治疗胃肠道肿瘤的临床观察

[目的]探讨腔内化疗配合全身化疗治疗晚期胃肠道恶性肿瘤的临床疗效。[方法]将术后腹腔转移或失去手术时机的晚期胃肠道癌随机分为治疗组和对照组。治疗组亚叶酸钙(CF)、呋喃氟尿嘧啶(FT 207)、顺铂(PDD)联用 ,行腹腔联合静脉化疗 ,对照组行CF、FT 207、PDD联用单纯静脉化疗 ,两组化疗药物总剂量相同。[结果]治疗组有效率为66.67 % ,1年生存率为60 % ;对照组有效率为40.54% ,1年生存率为35 % ,统计学差异明显(P<0.05) ,而治疗组不良反应明显轻于对照组(P<0.01)。[结论]LFP方案腹腔联合静脉化疗是治疗晚期胃肠道恶性肿瘤的有效方法 ,较单纯静脉化疗毒副作用明显减轻 ,有效率及1年生存率有所提高。     

胃癌术后早期腹腔热灌注化疗的临床观察

目的：探讨胃癌术后腹腔持续热灌注化疗的临床意义。方法：将78例胃癌术后患者随机分成治疗组和对照组。治疗组41例采用腹腔热灌注化疗联合静脉化疗，对照组37例只进行静脉化疗，比较2组的术后并发症、不良反应、局部复发率、远处转移率、1年和3年生存率。结果：2组的术后并发症及不良反应无统计学差异。治疗组的局部复发率21．95％、远处转移率17．07％，低于对照组的40．54％和37．83％，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。治疗组1年和3年生存率均分别为90．24％和68．29％，高于对照组的81．68％和48．64％，其中3年生存率2组之间差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论：胃癌术后早期腹腔热灌注化疗能显著降低局部复发率和远处转移率，并提高生存率，操作简便、安全性高。     

术后早期腹腔热灌注化疗在进展期胃癌中应用

[目的]探讨进展期胃癌术后早期腹腔持续温热灌注化疗（CHPP）的意义。[方法]1997-2001年收治的277例胃癌手术患者随机分成CHPP组及对照组，比较两组的局部复发率、远处转移率、1年和3年生存率及并发症和毒副反应。[结果]CHPP组的局部复发率、远处转移率低于对照组，而1年和3年生存率则高于对照组，且有显著性差异，但两组并发症和毒副反应无显著性差异。[结论]进展期胃癌术后早期腹腔持续温热灌注化疗可减少局部复发率、远处转移率，提高生存率。     

进展期胃癌术后早期腹腔温热灌注化疗疗效的临床研究

[目的]探讨进展期胃癌术后早期腹腔温热灌注化疗对于改善患者生存率的意义。[方法]159例L3、L4（Ⅱ-Ⅳ期）胃癌手术患者，对比研究腹腔温热化疗组化疗方案（78例）与对照组（81例）术后并发症、复发转移率和3年生存率。[结果]并发症比较：腹腔温热化疗组腹胀及肌酐升高的发生率均显著高于对照组（92.3％vs．14．8％，P〈0．05；11．5％VS．1．2％，P〈0．05），但治疗后均恢复正常。术后复发转移：腹腔温热化疗组腹膜腔复发转移率显著低于对照组（32．1％vs．54-3％，P〈0．05）。腹腔温热化疗组3年生存率显著高于对照组（52．6％VS．32．1％，P=0．003）。[结论]进展期胃癌术后早期进行腹腔温热灌注化疗能够减少腹膜腔复发转移，提高生存率。     

腹腔热灌注化疗治疗恶性腹腔积液34例

[目的]观察腹腔循环热灌注化疗治疗恶性腹腔积液的临床疗效。[方法]癌性腹腔积液患者62例分为实验组和对照组,实验组34例给予腹腔循环灌注化疗,对照组28例给予常规腹腔灌注化疗,观察不良反应及疗效。[结果]实验组有效率76.47%（26/34）,明显高于对照组的53.57%（15/28）,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。两组不良反应均较轻微,可耐受。[结论]腹腔循环热灌注化疗治疗恶性腹腔积液安全有效。     

腹腔灌注化疗配合治疗进展期胃肠道癌30例

目的 观察腹腔灌注化疗配合治疗进展期胃肠道癌的疗效.方法 30例进展期胃肠道癌患者(治疗组)切除术后在全身辅助化疗同时配合5-氟尿嘧啶(5-Fu)腹腔灌注化疗.对照组31例患者单用全身辅助化疗.结果 治疗组总有效24例(80.00%),与对照组21例(66.67%)比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),生存率也有所提高.结论 腹腔灌注化疗配合治疗进展期胃肠道癌疗效显著,值得临床推广使用.     

顺铂联合腹腔持续热灌注治疗胃癌腹腔转移癌性腹水的临床研究

[目的]观察顺铂(DDP)联合持续热灌注治疗胃癌腹腔转移腹水的疗效及不良反应.[方法]60例胃癌腹水患者分为顺铂联合腹腔持续热灌注组(治疗组)和单纯顺铂腹腔灌注化疗组(对照组),每组各30例.对两组生存期、控制腹水的近期疗效、不良反应进行观察.[结果]治疗组和对照组的中位生存期分别为10.2个月和5.9个月,有效率分别为76.7％和53.3％(P＜0.05),治疗组不良反应无加重.[结论] DDP联合腹腔持续热灌注治疗胃癌腹水,能够提高疗效,延长生存期而不增加不良反应,值得进一步推广.     

胃肠道癌术后置泵腹腔热化疗的疗效评价

胃肠道癌根治术后局部复发和远处转移是影响患者生存率的重要原因，而全身静脉化疗疗效又不太理想。腹腔热灌注化疗是肿瘤热治疗基础上发展起来的一种治疗肿瘤腹腔播散和预防腹部肿瘤术后复发的方法。为进一步研究术后腹腔置管早期热灌注化疗替代全身化疗对中晚期胃肠道癌的疗效，1997年1月至1999年1月间我们对86例Ⅱ-Ⅲ期胃肠道癌术后患者进行随机对照研究，随诊至2004年1月，进行远期疗效评价，现报告如下。     

腹腔循环热灌注化疗对恶性肿瘤合并腹水的疗效及安全性—开放、非随机、历史对照研究

目的:评估化疗联合腹腔循环热灌注治疗恶性肿瘤合并腹水疗效及安全性。方法:采用历史对照方法,试验组(100例)采用化疗联合腹腔循环热灌注治疗,对照组(100例)采用化疗联合传统腹水治疗方法,观察两组患者近期疗效、生存情况及不良反应发生。结果:腹腔循环热灌注联合化疗者与传统腹水治疗联合化疗者,治疗腹水的有效率分别为61.0％和47.0％(P=0.047)。两组病人以病种为亚组进行生存分析,经log-rank检验结果并未显示出试验组在2年累积生存率上优于对照组,P值分别是胃癌0.315、卵巢癌0.285、大肠癌0.758、肝癌0.471,两组患者常见不良反应发生率未见统计学差异。结论:化疗联合腹腔循环热灌注治疗晚期恶性肿瘤合并腹水患者安全并且有良好近期疗效,但目前未显示出对患者2年累积生存率有积极作用。     

Efficacy of continuous hyperthermic peritoneal perfusion for the prophylaxis and treatment of peritoneal metastasis of advanced gastric cancer: evaluation by multivariate regression analysis.

Thirty-two patients with advanced gastric cancer underwent continuous hyperthermic peritoneal perfusion (CHPP) combined with surgery: to prevent peritoneal recurrence in 15 patients without peritoneal metastasis (prophylactic CHPP) and to treat 17 patients with peritoneal metastases (therapeutic CHPP). The postoperative outcome was compared with that of control patients treated with surgery alone. Peritoneal recurrence was less frequent (26%) and the 5-year survival rate was significantly higher (39%) in the patients with prophylactic CHPP than in 40 control patients (42 and 17%, respectively). The patients with therapeutic CHPP showed significantly better median survival than did 20 control patients (11 vs. 6 months). Cox multivariate regression analysis revealed that CHPP was an independent prognostic factor in the prophylactic study (hazard ratio = 0.3965), and that the independent prognostic factor in the therapeutic study was not CHPP but complete resection of the peritoneal metastasis. Thus, CHPP has no marked benefit for established peritoneal metastasis. CHPP for the prevention of peritoneal recurrence may have a beneficial effect on long-term survival, but a prospective randomized trial is needed to clarify its prognostic value.     

培美曲塞二钠单药治疗老年非小细胞肺癌21例

[目的]观察培美曲塞二钠单药治疗老年非小细胞肺癌的临床疗效和不良反应。[方法]经病理学或细胞学确诊的老年（65～80岁）晚期ⅢA～Ⅳ期非小细胞肺癌43例,21例患者接受培美曲塞二钠500mg/m2治疗,静脉滴注,d1;22例患者接受吉西他滨1000mg/m2治疗,d1、8、15。21d为1个周期,接受2个周期以上化疗,每2个周期评估疗效、不良反应。[结果]培美曲塞二钠组和吉西他滨组临床获益率分别是57.14%和59.09%（P=0.897）,中位生存期分别是9.5个月和8.9个月（P=0.813）,1年生存率分别是28.6%和27.3%（P=0.9244）。两组主要的不良反应是骨髓抑制和胃肠道反应,其中培美曲塞二钠组中性粒细胞降低发生率明显低于吉西他滨组（Ⅰ～Ⅱ度：19.05%vs59.09%,P=0.0073,Ⅲ～Ⅳ度：9.52%vs27.27%,P=0.0261）;培美曲塞二钠组胃肠道反应发生率也明显低于吉西他滨组（Ⅰ～Ⅱ度：14.29%vs59.09%,P=0.0017;Ⅲ～Ⅳ度：4.76%vs40.91%,P=0.0050）。[结论]培美曲塞二钠和吉西他滨单药治疗老年非小细胞肺癌疗效均较好,但培美曲塞二钠不良反应低于吉西他滨。     

缓释氟尿嘧啶在胃肠恶性肿瘤术中的应用

[目的]探讨区域性缓释化疗在消化道恶性肿瘤中的疗效。[方法]68例胃肠肿瘤患者随机分为两组：治疗组38例,术中使用植入缓释氟尿嘧啶;对照组30例,术中未使用缓释氟尿嘧啶。两组临床病理资料具有可比性。[结果]使用植入缓释氟尿嘧啶治疗组未出现明显的胃肠道反应。治疗组吻合口瘘1例、肠梗阻1例、腹腔化脓性感染1例;而对照组吻合口瘘1例、肠梗阻1例、无腹腔化脓性感染。两组并发症发生率比较无统计学差异（7．9％vs6．7％,χ^2=0．037,19=0．847）。治疗组2年局部复发率为5．3％,而对照组2年局部复发率为23.3％（χ^2=0．060,P=0．027）;两组2年无远处转移率无统计学差异（χ^2=0．060,P=0．807）。治疗组与对照组术后2年生存率分别为94．7％和76．7％（P〈0．05）。[结论]术中植入缓释氟尿嘧啶安全、可行,可降低胃肠肿瘤术后复发率及提高术后生存率．具有一定的临床应用价值。     

Chemohyperthermia for advanced abdominal malignancies: a new procedure with closed abdomen and previously performed anastomosis

ChemoHyperthermic Peritoneal Perfusion (CHPP) after cytoreductive surgery is a relatively new procedure in the treatment of abdominal carcinomatosis or sarcomatosis. An assessment of the CHPP technique performed on 20 patients suffering from abdominal malignancies was carried out. After surgical debulking and gastrointestinal anastomosis, two Tenckhoff catheters were positioned for the immediate performance of CHPP, which was carried out at 42-43°C for 1h, after closing the abdomen. In 19 assessable patients, 47.3% and 36.8% complete responses (CR) were recorded at 1 and 6 months, respectively, with responses of 37.5% in patients affected with gastrointestinal cancer and 50% in patients affected with ovarian cancer. CR were obtained only in patients who had undergone accurate peritoneal debulking. Survival rate for gastrointestinal and ovarian cancer was 68% at 12 months. Patients who underwent radical cytoreductive surgery are all alive at a follow-up median time of 17 months. Two anastomotic leakages with spontaneous recovery were observed, along with one hydrothorax, which was immediately drained during the procedure, three cases of chemotherapic gastrointestinal toxicity, one sepsis, one renal failure that required a transient dialysis, and one cholecystitis that required cholecystectomy. One patient died 30 days after CHPP of a cardiac ischaemia not strictly related to the surgical procedure. In the authors' experience, CHPP with closed abdomen after reconstructive gastrointestinal surgery is a safe and feasible treatment with acceptable side effects.     

Chemohyperthermia for advanced abdominal malignancies: a new procedure with closed abdomen and previously performed anastomosis.

ChemoHyperthermic Peritoneal Perfusion (CHPP) after cytoreductive surgery is a relatively new procedure in the treatment of abdominal carcinomatosis or sarcomatosis. An assessment of the CHPP technique performed on 20 patients suffering from abdominal malignancies was carried out. After surgical debulking and gastrointestinal anastomosis, two Tenckhoff catheters were positioned for the immediate performance of CHPP, which was carried out at 42-43 degrees C for 1 h, after closing the abdomen. In 19 assessable patients, 47.3% and 36.8% complete responses (CR) were recorded at 1 and 6 months, respectively, with responses of 37.5% in patients affected with gastrointestinal cancer and 50% in patients affected with ovarian cancer. CR were obtained only in patients who had undergone accurate peritoneal debulking. Survival rate for gastrointestinal and ovarian cancer was 68% at 12 months. Patients who underwent radical cytoreductive surgery are all alive at a follow-up median time of 17 months. Two anastomotic leakages with spontaneous recovery were observed, along with one hydrothorax, which was immediately drained during the procedure, three cases of chemotherapic gastrointestinal toxicity, one sepsis, one renal failure that required a transient dialysis, and one cholecystitis that required cholecystectomy. One patient died 30 days after CHPP of a cardiac ischaemia not strictly related to the surgical procedure. In the authors' experience, CHPP with closed abdomen after reconstructive gastrointestinal surgery is a safe and feasible treatment with acceptable side effects.     

吉西他滨联合奈达铂治疗晚期鼻咽癌32例临床观察

[目的]评价吉西他滨联合奈达铂治疗晚期鼻咽癌的疗效和毒副作用。[方法]64例晚期鼻咽癌患者随机分为治疗组和对照组,各32例,治疗组采用吉西他滨联合奈达铂治疗,对照组采用氟尿嘧啶联合顺铂治疗。评价两组疗效和毒副反应。[结果]治疗组：CR6例,PR20例,SD4例,PD2例,有效率81.25%;1年生存率93.75%。对照组：CR4例,PR16例,SD7例,PD5例,有效率62.50%;1年生存率81.25%。对照组消化道反应及口腔黏膜反应发生率均明显高于治疗组（P〈0.05）,而血小板抑制发生率治疗组明显高于对照组（P〈0.05）。[结论]吉西他滨联合奈达铂一线治疗晚期鼻咽癌近期疗效较好,安全性良好。     

Continuous hyperthermic peritoneal perfusion for the treatment of peritoneal dissemination in gastric cancers and subsequent second-look operation

A total of 31 patients with gastric cancer showing peritoneal dissemination received continuous hyperthermic peritoneal perfusion (CHPP) in combination with the administration of cisplatin (CDDP) and mitomycin C (MMC). The authors developed a new special device named the peritoneal cavity expander (PCE) for sufficient perfusion and direct temperature measurement in the peritoneal cavity. As complications of CHPP three patients presented with bone marrow suppressions (leukocytes less than or equal to 3000/mm3 and/or platelets less than or equal to 30,000/mm3): one, leakage of intestinal anastomosis; one, intestinal perforation; and one, acute renal failure. But none of them was lethal. Twelve of 31 patients who had received CHPP during the initial operation underwent second-look operation (SLO) for the assessing the effects of CHPP and for resecting residual or recurrent tumors. Among 12 patients who received SLO complete response (CR) was observed in four patients, partial response (PR) in one, no change (NC) in three, and progressive disease (PD) in four, with the overall response rates (%CR + %PR) standing at 41%. Two-year survival rate of the complete and partial responders was 50%, which was significantly higher than 0% of the other responders (NC + PD). The survival curves of the two groups were significantly different (P less than 0.05, generalized Wilcoxon test). These results supported that CHPP was well tolerated and effective for the treatment of patients with peritoneal dissemination in gastric cancer when combined with anti-cancer drugs having synergism with hyperthermia. Since the outcome of SLO was one of prognostic factors it was important to follow up these patients by SLO.     

Treatment results of peritoneal dissemination from gastric cancer by neoadjuvant intraperitoneal-systemic chemotherapy

No standard treatment exists for peritoneal dissemination from gastric cancer. We reviewed our experience using a novel treatment consisting of peritonectomy and intraoperative chemo-hyperthermic peritoneal perfusion (CHPP). Records of all patients who underwent CHPP and cytoreductive surgery from 1992 to 2001 were reviewed. RESULTS: Data from 107 patients (average age, 52 years) were available. P3 dissemination was found in 72 patients, and 8 and 27 patients showed P1 or P2 dissemination, respectively. Peritoneal metastasis was synchronous in 75 and metachronous in 32 patients. All patients received CHPP after cytoreductive surgery. Peritonectomy was performed in 42 patients. Complete cytoreduction (CC-0) was achieved in 47 patients (44%). Peritonectomy, resulted in CC-0 in 69% (29/42), but CC-0 was achieved in 18 of 65 (28%) patients by ordinary surgical techniques. There were 23 postoperative complications (21%) after operation. The overall operative mortality was 2.8% (3/107). Median follow-up for the entire study group was 46 months. Seventeen patients (15%) were disease-free, and 90 patients were dead at the time of analysis. Eighty-seven deaths were related to progression of disease. The median survival of all patients was 16.2 months, with an actual 5-year survival of 6%. Median survival of CHPP plus ordinary cyoreduction was 12.0 months and that after CHPP and peritonectomy was 22.8 months. Completeness of cytoreduction and peritonectomy were significant prognostic factors on univariate analysis and 5-year survival rate was 27%. Lymph node status, grade of peritoneal dissemination (P1-2 vs P3), age (>60 years vs <60 years), tumor volume of dissemination (>2.5 cm vs <2.5 cm in diameter), and histologic type (differentiated vs. poorly differentiated type) did not affect survival. The cox proportional model demonstrated that completeness of cytoreduction was the strongest prognostic factor. Patients who had an incomplete resection had 2.8-fold higher risk of dying from disease than patients who underwent complete cytoreduction. The 5-year survival after complete cytoreduction was 12%, compared with 2% for incomplete resection. Four patients lived more than 5 years. Cytoreduction was incomplete in one 5-year survivor who showed complete response to CHPP. CONCLUSION: Complete cytoreduction using peritonectomy and CHPP may improve survival of patients with peritoneal dissemination from gastric cancer. This procedure is most appropriate for highly motivated patients who are committed to survive as long as possible.     

介入及化疗综合治疗高危大肠癌

目的　观察介入方法综合治疗高危大肠癌的远期疗效。方法　大肠癌根治术及再次根治术 ;术中门脉置管及手术前后选择性肝动脉 ,肠系膜上或肠系膜下动脉 ,髂内动脉或腹壁下动脉插管化疗 ;术后腹腔灌注化疗 ;全身辅助化疗 ;局部辅助放疗 ;中医中药和免疫治疗等有机综合治疗方法随机性治疗 2 2例高危大肠癌 ,并与常规综合治疗 2 5例对照 ,观察其 1.5年及 2 .5年无瘤生存率。结果　治疗组 1.5年无瘤生存率 90 .9% ,对照组 72 .0 % ,两者比较无显著性差异 (P >0 .0 5 ) ,治疗组 2 .5年无瘤生存率 76 .9% ,对照组为 42 .9% ,两者比较差异显著 (P <0 .0 5 )。治疗组的毒副反应及并发症均较对照组减轻。结论　有机溶入介入疗法及中医中药的综合治疗方法 ,可提高高危大肠癌病人 1.5年及2 .5年无瘤生存率 ,且治疗的毒副反应及并发症均较轻。