游离腓肠内侧动脉穿支皮瓣修复手足皮肤软组织缺损

目的 探讨以腓肠内侧动脉穿支血管为蒂的穿支皮瓣游离移植修复手足深部组织外露创面的临床疗效. 方法 对两具新鲜尸体行全身动脉造影,并对小腿部动脉进行二维显影和三维重建.2007年4月至2010年12月,我科应用腓肠内侧动脉穿支皮瓣游离移植修复手、足部皮肤缺损34例.其中,手部25例,足部9例;感染创面12例,清洁创面22例,皮肤缺损面积6 cm×4 cm～13 cm×8cm,皮瓣切取面积为7cm×5cm～ 14cm×9cm.23例皮瓣由1条穿支血管营养,余11例由2条穿支营养;15例在切取皮瓣时解剖出1条浅静脉与受区浅静脉吻合,9例皮瓣通过缝合皮神经重建感觉.结果 将小腿后区分为5个血管区,并获得腓肠动脉及其分支的三维重建图像.临床应用29例皮瓣均顺利成活,5例皮瓣出现水泡,经拆线处理最终成活.随访6～21个月,皮瓣色泽与受区相似,无明显臃肿,9例缝合皮神经的手背部皮瓣感觉恢复为S2～S3. 结论 腓肠内侧动脉穿支皮瓣的血管解剖较恒定,皮瓣薄且柔软,不损伤小腿主要血管及腓肠肌,是手、足刨面修复的良好选择.     

腓肠内侧动脉穿支皮瓣修复上下肢创面

目的介绍吻合血管的腓肠内侧动脉穿支皮瓣修复上下肢创面的临床方法和经验。方法采用吻合血管的腓肠内侧动脉穿支皮瓣修复上下肢创面11例，女6例，男5例。皮瓣设计区域为同侧小腿，腓肠内侧肌肌腹以远1／2的表面部分，前内界为胫骨的内后缘，后外侧界为小腿后正中纵轴线，皮瓣的轴行线为前内界和后外侧界的中线。皮瓣长8～15cm，宽6～14cm。结果10例皮瓣成活，皮瓣质地柔软，富有弹性，不臃肿，恢复了一定的触觉；1例皮瓣全部坏死，经扩创、断层皮片修复创面；不影响供区的运动功能。结论腓肠内侧动脉穿支皮瓣可以用来修复上下肢创面，尤其对手足部创面的修复有较为满意的临床疗效。     

腓肠内侧动脉穿支皮瓣修复小腿中上段软组织缺损

目的 探讨应用腓肠内侧动脉穿支血管皮瓣带蒂转移修复小腿中上段皮肤软组织缺损的临床效果. 方法 2006年5月至2012年8月,对小腿中上段皮肤软组织缺损患者26例,创面面积为5 cm×3 cm～12cm×8cm.均应用同侧腓肠内侧动脉穿支血管皮瓣带蒂转移修复.皮瓣前内界为胫骨的内后缘,后外侧界为小腿后正中纵轴线,以腘皱褶中点至内踝中点连线为轴设计皮瓣,皮瓣面积为6 cm×4 cm～13 cm×9 cm. 结果 术后26例皮瓣全部成活.术后随访6～18个月,皮瓣质地柔软,富有弹性,不臃肿,供区无明显功能障碍,行走时步态基本正常. 结论 应用腓肠内侧动脉穿支皮瓣带蒂转移修复小腿中上段皮肤软组织缺损临床效果佳,该皮瓣血供丰富,血管解剖恒定,皮瓣质地良好,供区无明显功能障碍,故不失为修复小腿中上段皮肤软组织缺损的一种较好的选择.     

腓肠内侧动脉穿支皮瓣临床应用研究进展

目的 对腓肠内侧动脉穿支皮瓣(medial sural artery perforator flap,MSAPF)临床应用研究进展进行综述.方法 广泛查阅国内外关于MSAPF 临床应用的相关文献,对其定义、解剖学特点、临床应用、手术切取和改良、皮瓣优缺点等方面进行总结分析.结果 MSAPF 具有血管解剖位置相对恒定、皮...     

腓肠内侧动脉穿支带蒂皮瓣修复髌前软组织缺损

Cavadas等[1]发现,腓肠内侧动脉的肌皮穿支可作为穿支皮瓣切取,因其不牺牲肌肉,而扩大了手术的适应证。2003年5月至2005年8月,我们采用该方法行带蒂移植修复髌前软组织缺损伴骨或肌腱外露创面6例,取得满意效果。     

游离腓肠内侧动脉穿支皮瓣在手背小型缺损创面中的应用

目的探讨应用游离腓肠内侧动脉穿支皮瓣修复手背小型缺损创面的临床疗效。方法采用游离腓肠内侧动脉穿支皮瓣移植修复13例手背小型缺损创面患者。创面面积为3. 7 cm×6. 5 cm～5. 0 cm×7. 8 cm,设计皮瓣面积为4. 5 cm×7. 0 cm～6. 0 cm×9. 0 cm,供区均直接缝合。结果 13例皮瓣全部成活,其中12例顺利成活,l例术后出现静脉危象,经手术探查后皮瓣成活。患者均获得随访,时间10～36个月。皮瓣色泽与周围正常皮肤相似,无臃肿,质地柔软。小腿供区仅存留较小的线状瘢痕。结论腓肠内侧动脉穿支皮瓣血管解剖相对恒定、血供可靠,皮瓣切取较简单,局部损伤小,血管蒂长,皮下脂肪含量较少,应用其修复手背小型缺损创面,可获得满意效果。     

游离腓肠内侧动脉穿支筋膜瓣结合皮片移植修复手和足部软组织缺损

目的:评价游离腓肠内侧动脉穿支筋膜瓣结合皮片移植修复手和足部软组织缺损的手术效果。方法:自2018年1月至2019年6月,采用游离腓肠内侧动脉穿支筋膜瓣结合皮片移植修复手、足部软组织缺损创面10例,切取游离腓肠内侧动脉穿支筋膜瓣面积5.0 cm×8.0 cm~12.0 cm×15.0 cm,筋膜瓣移植覆盖创面成活后取皮...     

腓肠内侧动脉穿支蒂皮瓣修复膝和小腿上1/3软组织缺损

目的 报道应用腓肠内侧动脉穿支带蒂皮瓣修复膝和小腿上1/3软组织缺损的临床应用效果. 方法 应用腓肠内侧动脉穿支带蒂皮瓣修复膝和小腿上1/3软组织缺损16例.其中,髌前4例,前外侧2例,前内侧l例;小腿上1/3 9例.供区均选用同侧小腿.结果 手术后经过顺利,1例术后发生表浅感染,经更换敷料逐渐愈合,皮瓣全部成活.随访3.0个月至3.5年,平均1.7年.供区愈合良好,未见明显的供区功能障碍.受区皮瓣质地、厚薄及颜色均较好,功能恢复较好,取得了较满意的效果. 结论 腓肠内侧动脉穿支带蒂皮瓣以腓肠内侧动脉的肌皮穿支为血供,具有血供丰富、血管解剖恒定、血管蒂长以及皮瓣较薄的优点.带蒂移植适宜修复膝和小腿上1/3软组织缺损.     

游离腓肠内侧动脉穿支皮瓣移植修复拇指再造供区

目的探讨游离腓肠内侧动脉穿支皮瓣移植修复拇指再造供区创面的临床效果。方法采用游离腓肠内侧动脉穿支皮瓣移植修复12例拇指再造供区创面。缺损面积2. 8 cm×4. 5 cm～5. 0 cm×9. 1 cm,切取皮瓣面积3. 0 cm×5. 0 cm～5. 5 cm×10. 0 cm,皮瓣供区均直接缝合。结果患者均获得随访,时间6～24个月。皮瓣全部成活,质地优良,外观满意。小腿供区切口均一期愈合,仅存留较小的线状瘢痕。结论游离腓肠内侧动脉穿支皮瓣血管相对恒定、血供可靠,皮瓣切取较简单,供区可直接缝合,是修复拇指再造供区创面较好的选择。     

应用游离腓动脉穿支皮瓣修复手足软组织缺损16例

目的 探讨游离腓动脉穿支皮瓣修复手足软组织缺损的临床效果. 方法 应用腓动脉穿支皮瓣修复手背及虎口区软组织缺损伴肌腱外露5例,修复足背及趾区域软组织缺损伴骨、肌腱外露11例,皮瓣切取面积最小3cm×2 cm,最大10 cm×5 cm. 结果 术后移植皮瓣全部成活,其中1例术后发生血管危象,经手术探查处理皮瓣成活.手背3例、足背1例皮瓣略显臃肿,二期行皮瓣修整术,手、足功能恢复满意;供区肢体无功能障碍. 结论 游离腓动脉穿支皮瓣可修复手足中、小面积皮肤软组织缺损.     

Pedicled medial sural perforator flap for the reconstruction of knee defects

Soft tissue defects exposing the patellar tendon or bone are common in patients who have experienced trauma or implant infection. The purpose of this article is to present our experience of six patients who underwent reconstruction of soft tissue defects of the knee using a pedicled medial sural perforator flap. Between November 2013 and November 2015, six patients who presented with a soft tissue defect overlying the knee were admitted to our hospital. After adequate debridement or wide excision of the tumour, these patients underwent pedicled medial sural perforator flap placement to resurface the complex soft tissue defects and to provide a gliding surface for the exposed patellar tendon. The patients' age, comorbidity, aetiology, defect size and location, flap size, perforator numbers and lengths, outcome and follow‐up period were reviewed. The six medial sural perforator flaps survived completely, and the wounds healed satisfactorily over a mean follow‐up of 21·5 months (range, 6–51 months). Donor sites were closed primarily or covered with a split‐thickness skin graft. The medial sural perforator flap is a reliable flap for coverage of defects overlying the knee. The thin and pliable flap, long pedicle length and less donor site mobility benefit patients. Thus, the medial sural perforator flap may be a valuable alternative for defect reconstructions overlying the knee, which produces satisfactory results both functionally and cosmetically.     

Popliteal fossa reconstruction with a medial sural artery perforator free flap using the medial sural vessel as the recipient

Background: Reconstruction of the popliteal fossa using a free flap is challenging. Therefore, to facilitate easier free flap reconstruction of the popliteal fossa, we use a medial sural artery perforator (MSAP) free flap with a medial sural vessel as the recipient vessel, as it provides several advantages based on many reports.

Methods: This report describes the authors’ experience and outcomes with this technique. Between October 2010 and January 2015, 10 patients with medium-sized defects in their popliteal fossa underwent MSAP free flap reconstruction using the medial sural vessel as the recipient vessel. The flap size and thickness were evaluated, as well as the pedicle length, for each case.

Results: The skin flap sizes ranged from 60–112?cm². The average flap thickness was 6?mm (range?=?4–8?mm), and the average pedicle length was 7.5?cm (range?=?6–9?cm). Full flap survival was observed in nine cases, and flap tip necrosis was observed in one case during a mean follow-up of 15 months (range?=?3–36 months). MSAP free flap reconstruction was performed for moderate-sized defects in the popliteal fossa, using the medial sural vessel as the recipient vessel.

Conclusion: The obvious advantages of this technique included simple vascular anastomosis (minimal size discrepancy), no intraoperative position changes, and good aesthetic outcomes (replacing like with like).     

游离股前外侧穿支皮瓣或隐动脉穿支皮瓣修复足踝部软组织缺损

目的 探讨利用游离股前外侧穿支皮瓣或隐动脉穿支皮瓣修复足踝部软组织缺损的效果及手术技术.方法 2006年8月至2012年4月,对足踝部软组织缺损患者25例,创面范围4.0cm×5.5 cm～11.0 cm×23.0 cm.其中,足背软组织缺损采用游离股前外侧穿支皮瓣修复20例,足底软组织缺损采用游离隐动脉穿支皮瓣修复5例.结果 术后25例皮瓣全部成活.术后随访3～ 50个月,平均(18.0±0.8)个月.皮瓣修复后外形大部满意,皮瓣末梢二点辨别觉为10～22 mm,股前外和隐动脉穿支皮瓣组术后3个月随访,恢复S2+以上感觉分别为13/20和5/5例.结论 股前外穿支皮瓣修复足背软组织缺损较合适,隐动脉穿支用于修复足底软组织缺损.避免受区二次手术整形,重视皮瓣供区处理.负压封闭引流技术对开放性损伤导致创面的皮瓣成活有明显促进作用.     

Technical refinements of the free medial sural artery perforator (MSAP) flap in reconstruction of multifaceted ankle soft tissue defects

BackgroundPeri-ankle defects are difficult to reconstruct due to sharp contours, thin skin, aesthetic value, function and footwear impact. The medial sural artery perforator flap (MSAP) is increasing in popularity as a thin and pliable flap. This study aims to demonstrate its versatility in reconstructing defects around the ankle area and our approach to insetting these flaps in difficult areas around the ankle without the need for subsequent flap revisions.MethodsA retrospective review of the senior author’s series of peri-ankle reconstructions using the MSAP flap was undertaken.ResultsBetween 2011–2015, 15 patients underwent peri-ankle reconstruction with the MSAP flap. There were 4 dorsal foot, 4 medial malleolar, 4 lateral malleolar, and 3 tendo-achilles defects. All flaps in this series survived. There was one episode of partial flap necrosis in one patient and no incidences of donor site dehiscence. All patients returned to full ambulation and none required subsequent flap revision.ConclusionsThe MSAP flap offers the benefits of a fasciocutaneous flap, whilst providing a thin, pliable, single stage and robust reconstruction for peri-ankle defects, with a cosmetically ideal donor site.     

胫前动脉踝上穿支皮瓣修复足踝部软组织缺损19例

目的探讨胫前动脉踝上穿支皮瓣修复足踝部软组织缺损的临床疗效。方法回顾性研究2018年4月至2019年6月采用胫前动脉踝上穿支皮瓣修复足踝部软组织缺损19例的资料,其中男11例,女8例;年龄为21~75岁,平均39岁。根据前踝上穿支皮瓣解剖学基础,按照足踝部软组织缺损大小和形状,在小腿下端前外侧设计并切取皮瓣转位修复创面。切取胫前动脉踝上穿支皮瓣面积为6.0 cm×5.0 cm^14.0 cm×8.0 cm,均为带蒂皮瓣转位。根据皮瓣成活、感染控制、弹性色泽、外观形态、供区瘢痕、皮肤感觉、患者认可等情况,对患者足踝部软组织缺损的修复情况进行综合评价。结果本组19例皮瓣全部成活,软组织缺损、肌腱、骨质及钢板外露均得以修复。供区均I期愈合。术后门诊随访2~16个月,皮瓣血运良好,颜色接近周围正常皮肤,臃肿不明显,患者对外观表示满意;供区皮片愈合良好,无明显增生、挛缩及溃疡,踝关节功能良好。结论胫前动脉踝上穿支皮瓣是修复足踝部软组织缺损较为理想的方法之一,手术操作简便,穿支较恒定,血供可靠,具有一定的临床应用价值。