Two new subergane-based sesquiterpenes from a Taiwanese Gorgonian coral Subergorgia suberosa

Chemical investigation of the ethyl acetate extract of the Taiwanese Gorgonian coral Subergorgia suberosa has resulted in the isolation of two new subergane-based sesquiterpenes, subergorgiol (1) and 2beta-acetoxysubergorgic acid (2), along with four known compounds, subergorgic acid methyl ester (3), 2beta-acetoxy methyl ester of subergorgic acid (4), 2beta-hydroxysubergorgic acid (5), and subergorgic acid (6). The structures of the new metabolites 1 and 2 were determined on the basis of extensive spectral analyses. Subergorgiol (1) may be the biosynthetic precursor of 2-6. Compound 3 was found to exhibit moderate cytotoxicity against the growth of HeLa cancer cells.     

玄参的化学成分及其体外抗肿瘤活性研究

研究玄参的化学成分及其体外抗肿瘤活性.采用硅胶、Sephadex LH-20、ODS柱色谱和半制备高效液相色谱等方法对玄参乙酸乙酯部位进行分离纯化,通过核磁、质谱等波谱技术对分离得到的化合物进行结构鉴定.从玄参乙酸乙酯部位中分离鉴定出23个化合物,分别为苄基-β-D-(3',6'-二-O-乙酰基)葡萄糖苷(1)、5-O...     

New lanostanoids, elfvingic acids A-H, from the fruit body of Elfvingia applanata

Eight new lanostanoids, 12alpha,15beta-dihydroxy-3,7,11,23-tetraoxolanost-8,(20Z)(22)-dien-26-oic acid (1), 7beta,8beta-epoxy-15beta,20S-dihydroxy-3,12,23-trioxolanost-9(11),16-dien-26-oic acid (2), 7beta,8beta-epoxy-3beta,15beta,20S-trihydroxy-12,23-dioxolanost-9(11),16-dien-26-oic acid (3), 7beta,8beta-epoxy-2alpha,3beta,15beta,20S-tetrahydroxy-12,23-dioxolanost-9(11),16-dien-26-oic acid (4), 7beta,8beta-epoxy-3beta,15beta,20S,28-tetrahydroxy-12,23-dioxolanost-9(11),16-dien-26-oic acid (5), 7beta,8beta-epoxy-3beta,15beta,19,20S-tetrahydroxy-12,23-dioxolanost-9(11),16-dien-26-oic acid (6), 8beta,15beta,20S-trihydroxy-3,7,12,23-tetraoxolanost-9(11),16-dien-26-oic acid (7), 7alpha,8alpha-epoxy-15beta,23xi-dihydroxy-12-oxo-3,4-secolanost-4(28),9(11),(20Z)(22)-trien-3,26-dioic acid (8), and the methyl ester of 8 (8a) were isolated from the fruit bodies of Elfvingia applanata. Their structures were established primarily by NMR experiments, and their biological activity against Kato III and Ehlrich cells was investigated.     

Diterpenoid acids from Grindelia nana

Two new norditerpenoid acids of the labdane-type (norgrindelic acids), 4,5-dehydro-6-oxo-18-norgrindelic acid (1) and 4beta-hydroxy-6-oxo-19-norgrindelic acid (2), as well as a new grindelic acid derivative, 18-hydroxy-6-oxogrindelic acid (3), were isolated from the aerial parts of Grindelia nana. In addition, the known compounds, 6-oxogrindelic acid, grindelic acid, methyl grindeloate, 7alpha,8alpha-epoxygrindelic acid, and 4alpha-carboxygrindelic acid were also isolated. The structures of the new compounds were characterized on the basis of spectroscopic analysis.     

New vibsane diterpenes and lupane triterpenes from Viburnum odoratissimum

Bioassay-directed fractionation of the methanolic extract of the leaves and flowers of Viburnum odoratissimum resulted in the isolation of two new diterpenes, vibsanol A (1) and vibsanol B (2), together with two new triterpenoids, 6beta-hydroxylup-20(29)-en-3-oxo-27,28-dioic acid (3) and 6alpha-hydroxylup-20(29)-en-3-oxo-27,28-dioic acid (4). In addition, the known terpenoids vibsanins B and E, and 6alpha-hydroxylup-20(29)-en-3-oxo-28-oic acid, were also isolated. The structures of the new compounds were established by chemical and spectroscopic means. Vibsanol A (1) and compound 3 exhibited significant cytotoxicity against human gastric (NUGC) tumor cells.     

Bioactive ent-clerodane diterpenoids from the aerial parts of Baccharis gaudichaudiana

Three new ent-clerodane diterpenes (1-3) were isolated from the aerial parts of Baccharis gaudichaudiana, and their structures were elucidated as 15,16-epoxy-15alpha-methoxy-ent-clerod-3-en-18-oic acid (1), 13-epi-15,16-epoxy-15alpha-methoxy-ent-clerod-3-en-18-oic acid (2), and 7-oxo-16-hydroxy-ent-clerod-3-en-15-oic acid methyl ester-18,19-olide (3), on the basis of spectroscopic data analysis. A known compound, 7-oxo-ent-clerod-3-en-15,16:18,19-diolide, was also identified. Compounds 1 and 2 showed enhancing activity of nerve growth factor (NGF)-induced neurite outgrowth in PC 12D cells.     

番荔枝皮化学成分及其抗肿瘤活性的研究

目的:研究番荔枝Annona squamosa的化学成分,并对分离化合物进行活性筛选.方法:综合运用各种色谱方法分离纯化番荔枝中的化学成分;采用NMR等波谱方法鉴定其结构;运用SRB法测定化合物对肿瘤细胞体外增殖能力的抑制作用.结果:从番荔枝皮乙醇提取物中分离得到11个化合物,分别是annosquamosin C(1),15,16-epoxy-17-hydroxy-ent-kau-ran-19-oic acid(2),16,17-dihydroxy-ent-kauran-19-oic acid(3),annosquamosin A(4),ent-kaur-16-en-19-oic acid (5),19-nor-ent-kauran-4-ol-17-oic acid(6),16-hydroxy-ent-kau-ran-19-oic acid(7),ent-15β-hydroxy-kaur-16-en-19-oic acid (8),annosquamosin B (9),ent-16β,17-dihydroxykauran-19-al(10),16,17-dihydroxy-ent-kauran-19-oic acid methyl ester(11).抗肿瘤活性实验表明,化合物1,2,3,5,9对人肺癌95-D细胞的体外增殖能力均具有不同程度的抑制作用,化合物5的活性最强,IC50为7.78 μmol·L-1;化合物2,5,9对人卵巢癌A2780细胞有抑制作用,其中化合物2和9的抑制作用较强,IC50分别为0.89,3.10 μmol·L-1.结论:化合物2,8,11分别为首次从该科、该属和该种植物分离得到;化合物5对人肺癌95-D细胞的抑制作用较强;化合物2和9对人卵巢癌细胞A2780的抑制作用较强.     

空心莲子草抗病毒有效物质部位的化学成分研究

目的：研究空心莲子草抗病毒有效物质部位正丁醇萃取物的化学成分。方法：采用溶剂法和色谱法对该植物的正丁醇部位进行提取分离,通过波谱分析与文献对照鉴定化合物的结构。结果：从中分离并鉴定了8个化合物,分别为竹节参苷Ⅳ（achikusetsusaponin-Ⅳa,1）、28-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖氧基-28-酮基-30-降齐墩果-12,20（29）-二烯-3β-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖醛酸（28-β-D-glucopyranosyloxy-28-oxo-30-noroleana-12,20（29）-dien-3β-O-β-D-copyranosiduronic acid,2）、竹节参苷Ⅳa甲酯chikusetsusaponin Ⅳ a methyl ester,3）、28-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖氧基-28-酮基-30-降齐墩果-12,2029-二烯-3β-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖醛酸甲酯（28-β-D-glucopyranosyloxy-28-oxo-30-noroleana-12,20（29）-dien-3β-O-β-D-glucopyranosiduronic acid methyl ester,4）、大豆苷（daidzin,5）、芒柄花苷（ononin,6）、3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基齐墩果酸-28-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷（3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyloleanolic acid-28-O-β-D-glucoside,7）、28-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖氧基-28-酮基-30-降齐墩果-12,20（29）-二烯-3β-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖（28-β-D-glucopyranosyloxy-28-oxo-30-noroleana-12,20（29）-dien-3β-O-β-D-glucopyranoside,8）。结论：化合物5～8为首次从空心莲子草和莲子草属植物中分离得到。     

Alkaloids from the roots of Aconitum pseudo-laeve var. erectum

One new quinazoline (1) and two new norditerpenoid (2 and 3) alkaloids along with 10 known compounds were isolated from the roots of Aconitum pseudo-laeve var. erectum. The new alkaloids were assigned as 2-(2-methyl-4-oxo-4H-quinazoline-3-yl)benzoic acid methyl ester (1), 18-O-2-(2-methyl-4-oxo-4H-quinazoline-3-yl)benzoyllycoctonine (2), and 14-O-acetyl-8-O-methyl-18-O-2-(2-methyl-4-oxo-4H-quinazoline-3-yl)benzoylcammaconine (3). The structures of the new alkaloids were established by spectroscopic methods. This is the first report of the 2-(2-methyl-4-oxo-4H-quinazoline-3-yl)benzoyl ester group being found as an acyl substituent in norditerpenoid alkaloids (compounds 2 and 3).     

Antimycobacterial compounds from Piper sanctum

Bioassay-guided chromatographic separation of the antimycobacterial extract of the leaves of Piper sanctum afforded 14 new compounds, identified as 2-oxo-12-(3',4'-methylenedioxyphenyl)dodecane (1), 2-oxo-14-(3',4'-methylenedioxyphenyl)tetradecane (2), 2-oxo-16-(3',4'-methylenedioxyphenyl)hexadecane (3), 2-oxo-18-(3',4'-methylenedioxyphenyl)octadecane (4), 2-oxo-14-(3',4'-methylenedioxyphenyl)-trans-13-tetradecene (5), 2-oxo-16-(3',4'-methylenedioxyphenyl)-trans-15-hexadecene (6), 2-oxo-18-(3',4'-methylenedioxyphenyl)-trans-17-octadecene (7), 2-oxo-16-phenyl-trans-3-hexadecene (8), methyl [6-(10-phenyldecanyl)tetrahydropyran-2-yl]acetate (9), methyl 2-(6-tridecyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)acetate (10), methyl 2-(5-tetradecyltetrahydro-2-furanyl)acetate (11), 2-oxo-14-(3',4'-methylenedioxyphenyl)-trans-3-tetradecene (12), 2-oxo-16-(3',4'-methylenedioxyphenyl)-trans-3-hexadecene (13), and 2-oxo-16-phenyl-3-hexadecane (14). In addition, p-eugenol (15), methyleugenol (16), Z-piperolide (17), demethoxyyangonin (18), 5,6-dehydro-7,8-dihydromethysticin (19), cepharanone B (20), piperolactam A (21), cepharadione B (22), N-trans-feruloyltyramine (23), and N-trans-(p-coumaroyl)tyramine (24) were obtained from the anti-TBC stem extract of the plant. GC-MS and HPLC analyses of the essential oils of the leaves and stem revealed that safrol (25) was the major component of the oils. Compounds 2, 3, 6, 18-21, and 24 inhibited the growth of Mycobacterium tuberculosis when tested by the MABA assay, with MIC values ranging from 4 to 64 microg/mL.     

牛蒡根化学成分研究

目的研究牛蒡Arctium lappa根的化学成分。方法运用正相硅胶、ODS柱色谱以及半制备型HPLC等手段进行分离纯化,并采用核磁共振等现代波谱学技术鉴定化合物结构。结果从牛蒡根55%乙醇提取物醋酸乙酯部位中分离得到14个化合物,分别鉴定为1,5-二咖啡酰-3-苹果酰奎尼酸(1)、3,5-二咖啡酰-1-(2-咖啡酰-4-苹果酰)-奎尼酸(2)、3,5-二咖啡酰-1-(2-咖啡酰-4-苹果酰甲酯)-奎尼酸(3)、3,5-二咖啡酰-1-琥珀酰甲酯奎尼酸(4)、3,4-二咖啡酰-1-琥珀酰甲酯奎尼酸(5)、1,3,5-三咖啡酰-4-琥珀酰奎尼酸(6)、1,5-二咖啡酰-3-琥珀酰奎尼酸(7)、1,5-二咖啡酰-4-琥珀酰奎尼酸(8)、1,5-二咖啡酰-4-琥珀酰甲酯奎尼酸(9)、1,5-二咖啡酰-3-琥珀酰甲酯奎尼酸(10)、1,3,4-三咖啡酰奎尼酸(11)、1,4,5-三咖啡酰奎尼酸甲酯(12)、3-咖啡酰奎尼酸(13)、4-羟基苯乙酸(14),其中13个为咖啡酰奎尼酸衍生物。结论化合物3~5、9、11、12为首次从该属植物中分离得到,化合物14为首次从该植物中分离得到。     

绵毛酸模叶蓼中2个新的蔗糖桂皮酸酯类化合物

采用硅胶柱色谱、ODS柱色谱和半制备高效液相等多种色谱分离技术,从绵毛酸模叶蓼的乙醇提取物中分离得到11个化合物,分别为7个蔗糖桂皮酸酯类化合物,3个苯丙素类化合物和1个内酯类化合物。根据一维、二维核磁共振及高分辨质谱等波谱数据鉴定了该系列化合物的结构,分别鉴定为(1,3-O-di-p-coumaroyl)-β-D-fructofuranosyl-(2→1)-α-D-glucopyranoside (1),(1,3-O-di-p-coumaroyl)-β-D-fructofuranosyl-(2→1)-(6-O-acetyl)-α-D-glucopyranoside (2),(3-O-feruloyl)-β-D-fructofuranosyl-(2→1)-(6-O-p-coumaroyl)-α-D-glucopyranoside (3),hydropiperoside (4),vanicoside C (5),(1,3-O-di-p-coumaroyl)-β-D-fructofuranosyl-(2→1)-(6-O-feruloyl)-α-D-glucopyranoside (6),vanicoside B (7),反式对羟基肉桂酸甲酯(8),反式对羟基肉桂酸乙酯(9),阿魏酸甲酯(10)和dimethoxydimethylphthalide (11)。其中化合物1和2为新的蔗糖桂皮酸酯类化合物,化合物1~11均为首次从该植物中分离得到。同时,对化合物1~9的抗氧化指数(ORAC)进行测定,结果显示这9个化合物均具有较强的体外抗氧化活性。其中化合物6(10μmol·L^-1)的抗氧化能力最强,其ORAC为50μmol·L^-1 Trolox的(1.60±0.05)倍。     

Bromophenol derivatives from the red alga Rhodomela confervoides

Eight new bromophenol derivatives, 2,3-dibromo-4,5-dihydroxybenzyl methyl sulfoxide (1), 4-(2,3-dibromo-4,5-dihydroxyphenyl)-3-butene-2-one (2), 2-(3-bromo-5-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-3-(2,3-dibromo-4,5-dihydroxyphenyl)propionic acid (3), 2-(3-bromo-5-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-3-(2,3-dibromo-4,5-dihydroxyphenyl)propionic acid methyl ester (4), 2-phenyl-3-(2,3-dibromo-4,5-dihydroxyphenyl)propionic acid (5), 4'-methoxy-2',3',3'-tribromo-4',5',5'-trihydroxydiphenylacetic acid (6), and 3-bromo-5-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenylacetic acid (7) and its methyl ester (8), together with a known bromophenol, 3-bromo-5-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzoic acid (9), were isolated from the red alga Rhodomela confervoides. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods including IR, EIMS, FABMS, ESIMS, HRFABMS, HRESIMS, 1D and 2D NMR, and single-crystal X-ray structure analysis. Compounds 1-4, 8, and 9 were found inactive against several human cancer cell lines and microorganisms.     

Phytotoxic compounds from Prionosciadium watsoni

Bioassay-guided fractionation of a phytotoxic extract of Prionosciadium watsoni led to the isolation of three new pyranocoumarins and two pyranochromones. The new compounds were characterized as propionic acid (9R,10R)-9-acetoxy-8,8-dimethyl-9,10-dihydro-2H,8H-benzo[1,2-b:3,4-b']dipyran-2-one-10-yl ester (1), isobutyric acid (9R,10R)-9-hydroxy-8,8-dimethyl-9,10-dihydro-2H,8H-benzo[1,2-b:3,4-b']dipyran-2-one-10-yl ester (2), isobutyric acid (9R)-8,8-dimethyl-9,10-dihydro-2H,8H-benzo[1,2-b:3,4-b']dipyran-2-one-9-yl ester (10), 2-methylbut-(2Z)-enoic acid (3R)-5-methoxy-3,4-dihydro-2,2,8-trimethyl-6-oxo-2H,6H-benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']dipyran-3-yl ester (11), and isobutyric acid (3R)- 5-methoxy-3,4-dihydro-2,2,8-trimethyl-6-oxo-2H,6H-benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']dipyran-3-yl ester (12) by spectroscopic and chemical methods. The stereochemistry at the stereogenic centers was established by applying the Mosher ester methodology. The structures of 1 and 2 were corroborated by single-crystal X-ray diffraction studies. The phytotoxic activity of the isolated compounds was assessed on Amaranthus hypochondriacus, Echinochloa crus-galli, and Lemna pausicostata. The phytotoxins also modified the electrophoretic mobility of calmodulin from both bovine-brain and spinach.     

Sesquiterpenoids from Tithonia diversifolia with potential cancer chemopreventive activity

Activity-guided fractionation of an ethyl acetate extract of the aerial parts of Tithonia diversifolia, using an antiproliferation bioassay performed with human colon cancer (Col2) cells, led to the isolation of three new sesquiterpenoids, 2alpha-hydroxytirotundin (1), tithofolinolide (2), and 3alpha-acetoxydiversifolol (3), along with eight known sesquiterpene lactones, 3beta-acetoxy-8beta-isobutyryloxyreynosin (4), tagitinin C (5), 1beta,2alpha-epoxytagitinin C (6), 4alpha,10alpha-dihydroxy-3-oxo-8beta-isobutyryloxyguaia-11(13)-en-12,6alpha-olide (7), 3alpha-acetoxy-4alpha-hydroxy-11(13)-eudesmen-12-oic acid methyl ester, 17,20-dihydroxygeranylnerol, tagitinin A, and tirotundin. These isolates were evaluated for their potential as cancer chemopreventive agents, by measuring antiproliferative activity in Col2 cells and induction of cellular differentiation in human promyelocytic leukemia (HL-60) cells. Selected compounds were then investigated for their ability to inhibit 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene-induced preneoplastic lesions in a mouse mammary organ culture assay. Among these isolates, 5 and 6 showed significant antiproliferative activity, 2, 4, and 7 induced HL-60 cellular differentiation, and 4 significantly inhibited (63.0% at 10 microg/mL) lesion formation in the mouse mammary organ culture assay. The chemical structures of 1-3 were elucidated by spectroscopic analysis. The absolute configurations of 1 and 2 were determined by Mosher ester methodology.     

Antitumor agents, 118. The isolation and characterization of bruceanic acid A, its methyl ester, and the new bruceanic acids B, C, and D, from Brucea antidysenterica

The known bruceanic acid A [1] and its methyl ester 2, as well as the new bruceanic acids B [3], C [4], and D [5], have been isolated from Brucea antidysenterica. The structures of 1-5 were elucidated by spectral data. Compound 1 demonstrated cytotoxicity against KB and TE671 tumor cells. Compound 5 was cytotoxic against P-388 lymphocytic leukemia cells.     

Metabolites from the Lichen Ochrolechia parella growing under two different heliotropic conditions

A new chloro-depsidone (1) and five known compounds, variolaric acid (2), lecanoric acid (3), alpha-alectoronic acid (4), atranorin (5), and ergosterol peroxide (6), have been isolated from the lichen Ochrolechia parella. The structure of compound 1 was elucidated by spectroscopic analysis. Additionally, the tautomeric equilibrium of compound 4 was investigated. In the present study, two specimens of this lichen, growing under different light conditions, were analyzed. The major compound in both samples was found to be 2, but the amount of this metabolite was significantly higher in the shaded specimen (0.76% w/w). The new compound parellin (1) predominated in the specimen grown under shady conditions, while atranorin (5) was found only in the sunlit specimen. The cytotoxic activities of 2, 4, and 6 against B16 melanoma cells were evaluated.     

Bioactive constituents of Thuja occidentalis

An ethyl acetate-soluble extract of the combined leaves and twigs of Thuja occidentalis was found to inhibit 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate (TPA)-induced ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) in cultured mouse epidermal ME 308 cells. Bioassay-guided fractionation of this extract led to the isolation of six active constituents (1-6), namely, (+)-7-oxo-13-epi-pimara-14,15-dien-18-oic acid (1), (+)-7-oxo-13-epi-pimara-8,15-dien-18-oic acid (2), (+)-isopimaric acid (3), (1S,2S,3R)-(+)-isopicrodeoxypodophyllotoxin (4), (-)-deoxypodophyllotoxin (5), and (-)-deoxypodorhizone (6). Compounds 1 and 4 are new natural products, and their structures and stereochemistry were determined using spectroscopic methods. Compounds 1-6 were evaluated for inhibition of the transformation of murine epidermal JB6 cells, inhibition of ornithine decarboxylase induction with murine epidermal ME 308 cells, and cytotoxic activity against KB cells.     

Nasimaluns A and B: neo-clerodane diterpenoids from barringtonia racemosa

An ethanolic extract of the roots of Barringtonia racemosa afforded two novel neo-clerodane-type diterpenoids, methyl-15, 16-epoxy-12-oxo-3,13(16),14-neo-clerodatrien-18, 19-olide-17-carboxylate (nasimalun A, 1) and dimethyl-15,16-epoxy-3, 13(16),14-neo-clerodatrien-17,18-dicarboxylate (17-carboxymethylhardwickiic acid methyl ester, nasimalun B, 2) by NMR and MS analyses and by comparison of their spectral data with related compunds. The relative stereochemistry of the asymmetric centers in 1 and 2 was determined by selective 1D NOESY experiments.     

Smardaesidins A-G, isopimarane and 20-nor-isopimarane diterpenoids from Smardaea sp., a fungal endophyte of the moss Ceratodon purpureus

Five new isopimarane diterpenes, smardaesidins A-E (1- 5) and two new 20-nor-isopimarane diterpenes, smardaesidins F (6) and G (7), together with sphaeropsidins A (8) and C-F (10-13) were isolated from an endophytic fungal strain, Smardaea sp. AZ0432, occurring in living photosynthetic tissue of the moss Ceratodon purpureus . Of these, smardaesidins B (2) and C (3) were obtained as an inseparable mixture of isomers. Chemical reduction of sphaeropsidin A (8) afforded sphaeropsidin B (9), whereas catalytic hydrogenation of 8 yielded 7-O-15,16-tetrahydrosphaeropsidin A (14) and its new derivative, 7-hydroxy-6-oxoisopimara-7-en-20-oic acid (15). The acetylation and diazomethane reaction of sphaeropsidin A (8) afforded two of its known derivatives, 6-O-acetylsphaeropsidin A (16) and 8,14-methylenesphaeropsidin A methyl ester (17), respectively. Methylation of 10 yielded sphaeropsidin C methyl ester (18). The planar structures and relative configurations of the new compounds 1-7 and 15 were elucidated using MS and 1D and 2D NMR experiments, while the absolute configurations of the stereocenters of 4 and 6-8 were assigned using a modified Mosher's ester method, CD spectra, and comparison of specific rotation data with literature values. Compounds 1-18 were evaluated for their potential anticancer activity using several cancer cell lines and cells derived from normal human primary fibroblasts. Of these, compounds 8, 11, and 16 showed significant cytotoxic activity. More importantly, sphaeropsidin A (8) showed cell-type selectivity in the cytotoxicity assay and inhibited migration of metastatic breast adenocarcinoma (MDA-MB-231) cells at subcytotoxic concentrations.