2型糖尿病合并高尿酸血症与代谢综合征的相关性研究

目的研究2型糖尿病患者血清尿酸水平在代谢综合征发病中的作用。方法将365例2型糖尿病患者按血清尿酸水平分成两组：高尿酸水平组77例,尿酸水平正常组288例,观察血清尿酸水平与代谢综合征主要组分的相关性。结果血尿酸与血压、甘油三酯、体质指数呈正相关（P〈0．01）,与高密度脂蛋白胆固醇呈负相关（P〈0．01）;高尿酸组代谢综合征患病率为77．92％,尿酸正常组为51．04％（P〈0．01）。结论2型糖尿病患者血尿酸水平与年龄,收缩压,甘油三酯,低密度脂蛋白胆固醇及体质指数多因素相关,提示2型糖尿病高尿酸血症可能是代谢综合征发病的危险因素之一。     

高原地区血清尿酸与代谢综合征及其组分的关联性

目的：探讨高原地区血清尿酸与代谢综合征及其组分的关系。方法：对188例正常体检者,按血尿酸水平将患者分为正常尿酸组和高尿酸组,并测定血脂、血糖、血压、胰岛素、C反应蛋白,所有统计学资料采用SPSSIO．0软件处理。结果：高血尿酸组代谢综合征的患病率（41％）显著高于正常尿酸组（15％,P〈0．05）,代谢综合征的各组分血脂、血糖、血压、胰岛素、C反应蛋白,在两组之间均有差异显著（均P〈0．05）。结论：血尿酸与代谢综合征及其组分有关联。     

中老年住院2型糖尿病患者血尿酸水平与胰岛素抵抗的相关性研究北大核心CSCD

目的探讨2型糖尿病患者血尿酸水平与胰岛素抵抗的关系。方法回顾性研究,以728例中老年住院2型糖尿病患者为研究对象。常规测定患者体质指数、腰围、血压、肝肾功能、血尿酸、空腹血糖、糖化血红蛋白（HbA1C）、血脂、空腹C肽等相关临床指标。根据血尿酸水平、代谢综合征发生情况及含有不同组分数目进行分组,分析血尿酸水平与胰岛素抵抗和高尿酸血症与代谢综合征的相关性。结果728例患者中,高尿酸血症发生率为26．9％（196例）,代谢综合征发生率为64．6％（470例）。高尿酸血症组体质指数、腰围、收缩压、舒张压、三酰甘油、空腹C肽及胰岛素抵抗指数（HOMA）（C肽）高于正常尿酸组,而高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C）则低于正常尿酸组。高尿酸血症组代谢综合征发生率81．6％（160／196）,高于正常尿酸组（58．3％,310／532）,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。按尿酸水平四分位数分为4组,尿酸水平由低至高含有代谢综合征组分的数目分别为2．1±1．0、3．1±1．1、3．3±1．2、3．7±0．8,对应各组HOMA（C肽）水平、代谢综合征发生率差异有统计学意义（均P〈0．05）。代谢综合征组尿酸水平（377．3±43．5）gmol／L、高尿酸血症发病率（34．0％,160／470）、HOMA（C肽）3．9±0．7,均高于非代谢综合征组（318．2±47．9）μmol／L、14．0％（36／258）、3．6±0．7;按代谢综合征不同组分数目1～5个分5组,各组的血尿酸、HOMA（C肽）水平比较,差异有统计学意义（均P〈0．05）。Pearson相关分析,血尿酸水平与年龄、腰围、体质指数、三酰甘油、收缩压、空腹C肽、HOMA（C肽）呈正相关,与HbA1c、HDL-C呈负相关。多元Logistic回归分析示随着血尿酸水平的升高,代谢综合征的发病风险增加（OR=1．033,95％CI：1．026-1．041,P〈0．05）。结论中老年住院2型糖尿病患者中血尿酸水平与胰岛素抵抗密切相关,高尿酸血症是代谢综合征的危险因素之一。     

新疆维吾尔族男性高尿酸血症与代谢综合征相关性研究

目的 了解新疆维吾尔族男性高尿酸血症与代谢综合征的相关性.方法 对791例维吾尔族男性体检者的体重、身高、腰围、臀围、舒张压（DBP）、收缩压（SBP）进行测量,并检测相关血液生化指标,包括血尿酸（SUA）、空腹血糖（FBG）、三酰甘油（TG）、总胆固醇（TC）、低密度脂蛋白-胆固醇（LDL-C）、高密度脂蛋白-胆固醇（HDL-C）.结果 此次研究人群中代谢综合征的检出率为18.33％,高尿酸血症检出率为39.95％.高尿酸组患者体质指数（BMI）、腰臀比（WHR）、DBP、SBP、FBG、TC、TG、LDL-C与代谢综合征组的相关指标均高于尿酸正常组,并与血尿酸水平密切相关：高尿酸组与尿酸正常组比较,腹部脂肪堆积、肥胖、高血糖、高三酰甘油血症、高血压的检出率比较差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）.高尿酸组出现腹部脂肪堆积、肥胖、高血糖、高三酰甘油血症、高血压的风险分别为尿酸正常组的2.126、3.002、2.413、2.903和2.101倍（P＜0.05）.结论 腹部脂肪堆积、肥胖、高血糖、高三酰甘油血症、高血压等代谢综合征相关危险因子是新疆维吾尔族男性发生高尿酸血症的危险因素,应加强对高尿酸血症及代谢综合症患者的健康教育.     

老年体检人群高尿酸血症与并发疾病分析

目的了解老年人（≥60岁）高尿酸血症的患病及合并相关疾病情况,探索老年人进行高尿酸检查的重要性。方法以2008年在本中心健康体检且资料完整的2889例老年人为研究对象,比较分析高尿酸血症组与正常尿酸组的临床指标。结果血尿酸增高患者的比例为14．78％（427／2462）,男、女患病率间差异有统计学意义（Х^2=8．598,P=0．000）。高尿酸血症组与正常尿酸纽血糖水平间差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）;血清总胆固醇、三酰甘油、低密度脂蛋白、高密度脂蛋白间差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。高尿酸血症组与正常尿酸组高胆固醇血症、高三酰甘油血症、高血糖患病率间差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论高尿酸血症与高血脂、高血糖有明显相关性,加强对高尿酸血症的筛查工作,对减少心脑血管疾病合并症至关重要。     

高尿酸血症患病率与代谢综合征组分数的关系

浙江宁波某石油化工企业的11016名年龄20-80岁职工的高尿酸血症患病率为12.5％，男性为16．1％，女性为1．9％。与正常血尿酸组比较，高血尿酸组的BMI、BP、FPG和血脂谱均升高（P均〈0．05）。随着代谢综合征组分数的增加，高尿酸血症患病率增加。高尿酸血症独立相关于超重、高血压和血脂异常。     

老年人高尿酸血症的患病特征调查及相关因素分析

目的探讨老年人高尿酸血症的患病特征及相关因素。方法选择1393名老年人，以血尿酸≥420μmol／L为界限，比较高尿酸血症组和尿酸正常组的临床资料和生化指标，对影响血尿酸水平的诸多因素进行Logistic回归分析。结果老年人高尿酸血症的患病率为13．35％，其中男性明显高于女性。与尿酸正常组相比，高尿酸血症组的体重、体重指数、收缩压、血胆固醇、甘油三酯和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇明显增高，高密度脂蛋白胆固醇明显降低；同时肥胖症、高甘油三酯血症、肾功能不全和代谢综合征的患病率明显升高；Logistic回归分析表明，甘油三酯、血肌酐是影响血尿酸水平的主要危险因素。结论老年人高尿酸血症常伴发肥胖、代谢异常和肾功能不全等，甘油三酯、血肌酐与血尿酸水平升高强烈相关。     

高尿酸血症与冠心病的相关性研究

目的探讨高尿酸血症与冠心病的相关性。方法选择冠心病患者180例，分为急性冠脉综合征组及稳定型心绞痛组，另设对照组150例。分别测定血清尿酸、血糖以及血压、体重指数（BMI）、血脂水平。结果冠心病患者尤其是急性冠脉综合征患者血清尿酸水平与对照组相比，有统计学显著意义（P〈0．01），相关分析提示血清尿酸水平与冠心病显著相关。结论高尿酸血症是冠心病尤其是急性冠脉综合征的危险因素之一。     

2型糖尿病患者高尿酸血症与代谢综合征的相关性

目的研究血尿酸水平在2型糖尿病患者代谢综合征发病中的作用,探讨其发病机制。方法将219例2型搪尿病患者按血尿酸水平分为高尿酸组39例和正常尿酸（尿酸水平偏低或正常）组180例,观察血尿酸水平与代谢综合征主要参数的相关性。结果血尿酸与血压、TG、BMI正相关（P〈0．01）,与HDL—C呈负相关（P〈0．01）。结论2型糖尿病患者血尿酸水平与多因素相关,2型糖尿病高尿酸血症可能是代谢综合征等发病的危险因素之一。     

61例老年2型糖尿病合并高尿酸血症临床分析

老年（年龄≥60岁）2型糖尿病患者273例，分为伴高尿酸血症者61例为A组和不伴尿酸血症者212例为B组。结果A组较男性多、更胖，收缩压和舒张压增高，甘油三酯（TG）增高，高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C）降低，胰岛素抵抗指数增高；血尿酸与甘油三酯、总胆固醇、BMI、血压等呈正相关（P〈0．01），与HbA1c、HDL-C呈负相关（P〈0．01），与病程、LDL-C无相关（P〉0．05）；代谢综合征等患病率明显升高。结论提示老年2型糖尿病高尿酸血症是代谢综合征等发病的危险因素之一。     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

N-acetyl-L-cysteine combined with mesalamine in the treatment of ulcerative colitis： Randomized,placebo-controlled pilot study

AIM： To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of oral N-acetyl-L-cysteine （NAC） co-administration with mesalamine in ulcerative colitis （UC） patients.
METHODS： Thirty seven patients with mild to moderate UC were randomized to receive a four-wk course of oral mesalamine （2.4 g/d） plus N-acetyl-L-cysteine （0.8 g/d） （group A） or mesalamine plus placebo （group B）. Patients were monitored using the Modified Truelove-Witts Severity Index （MTWSI）. The primary endpoint was clinical remission （MTWSI ≤ 2） at 4 wk. Secondary endpoints were clinical response （defined as a reduction from baseline in the MTWSI of ≥ 2 points） and drug safety. The serum TNF-α, interleukin-6, interleukin-8 and MCP-1 were evaluated at baseline and at 4 wk of treatment. RESULTS： Analysis per-protocol criteria showed clinical remission rates of 63% and 50% after 4 wk treatment with mesalamine plus N-acetyl-L-cysteine （group A） and mesalamine plus placebo （group B） respectively （OR = 1.71; 95% CI： 0.46 to 6.36; P = 0.19; NNT = 7.7）. Analysis of variance （ANOVA） of data indicated a significant reduction of MTWSI in group A （P = 0.046） with respect to basal condition without significant changes in the group B （P = 0.735） during treatment. Clinical responses were 66% （group A） vs 44% （group B） after 4 wk of treatment （OR = 2.5; 95% CI： 0.64 to 9.65; P = 0.11; NNT = 4.5）. Clinical improvement in group A correlated with a decrease of IL-8 and MCP-1. Rates of adverse events did not differ significantly between both groups.
CONCLUSION： In group A （oral NAC combined with mesalamine） contrarily to group B （mesalamine alone）, the clinical improvement correlates with a decrease of chemokines such as MCP-1 and IL-8. NAC addition not produced any side effects.     

Delorme's transrectal excision for internal rectal prolapse

Surgical therapy of functional outlet obstruction in patients with internal rectal intussusception may include abdominal, perineal, or transrectal procedures. Because abdominal procedures often result in significant physiologic impact but unrelieved constipation, the authors have elected Delorme's transrectal excision for management of these patients. Since a short-term placebo effect attends many therapies, this report describes results of transrectal excision only after a threeyear postoperative period. Delorme's transrectal excision of internal intussusception accomplished sustained symptomatic relief in over 70 percent of otherwise refractory constipated patients. The association of internal intussusception with other abnormalities underscores the importance of defining both anatomic and functional components when selecting patients whose constipation may require surgical therapy. Critical technical elements, surgical pitfalls, and potential complications of the procedure are discussed.Poster presentation at the meeting of The American Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons, Toronto, Canada, June 11 to 16, 1989.     

The oral glucose tolerance test: A comparison of the time points on the basis of limit values,normal dispersion,and reproducibility

Summary Time points in the glucose tolerance test (GTT) are compared on the basis of limit values, dispersion within a reference population, and reproducibility. We suggest using the distance between a limit value and the median reference value as a measure of the magnitude of abnormality. The distance between 140 mg/100 ml and the median fasting plasma glucose value is chosen as a standard distance and limits for other points in the GTT are calculated to equal this standard distance of abnormality. We suggest that the probability of correctly interpreting an inividual result is directly related to the reproducibility of the test and inversely related to the percentage of the total range of values which is dispersed among the normal population. The ratio of reproducibility to percentage normal dispersion is proposed as an index of the probability of correctly interpreting an individual result. According to this index, the probability of correct interpretation varies in order: fasting plasma glucose concentration>3-h>2-h>0.5-h>1-h plasma glucose concentration.