Prevalence of skin diseases among pediatric patients in Turkey

The pediatric population is composed of persons under 16 years of age, and few studies are available on the dermatological diseases of this group. In the present study, data on a total of 6300 pediatric patients admitted between the years 2004-2006 were analyzed. Hospital-based patient registry records were used for data collection. The data were analyzed according to age, sex and time of admittance. A female preponderance (53%) was observed, and adolescents (12-16 years old) constituted the largest group within the patient population (47.6%). A total of 125 dermatoses were recorded. Acne vulgaris was the most prevalent dermatosis (12.4%), followed by atopic dermatitis (11.8%), contact dermatitis (11.3%), warts (9.5%), seborrheic dermatitis (4.3%) and impetigo (4.1%). Atopic dermatitis was the most frequently seen dermatosis in both infants and preschool-age children, whereas contact dermatitis was more prevalent in school-age children, and acne vulgaris was more prevalent in the adolescent group. The frequencies of some diseases showed seasonal variations. Acne vulgaris, atopic dermatitis, contact dermatitis, psoriasis, xerosis and alopecia areata were more common in winter. In contrast, insect bites, vitiligo, dyshidrotic eczema, impetigo and tinea corporis were more common in summer. Studies of the pediatric population, which constitutes the cornerstone of the community, can play an important role in determining the policies of protective medicine and public health. New studies will help us to better understand the frequency of dermatological diseases in the pediatric population according to age, gender and season, and take precautions with regard to these conditions.     

哈尔滨市中职学生青春期性健康知识、态度及需求现状调查

目的:了解并分析哈尔滨市中等职业技术学校学生的青春期性健康知识、性行为态度及性健康需求的现状,为进行有针对性的青春健康教育提供依据。方法:采用整群抽样的方法对哈尔滨市三所中职学校的1020名学生,其中男生576人、女生444人进行问卷调查。结果:对于青春期性健康知识学生有一定了解但掌握的不够系统,男生了解的较女生广泛,态度相对开放;相比城镇学生,农村学生对知识了解较少且态度保守;有68.1%的男生和70.2%的女生谈过恋爱;有过性交史的学生比例很高,达17.6%,男生有25.5%高于女生的7.4%。中职学生在遇到性方面忧虑时38.1%的男生和44.7%的女生都选择最先和同性朋友交谈,很少有人选择和老师交谈。学生最愿意获得知识和服务的途径是通过医疗机构,男女生分别有20.3%和27.3%;有35.4%的男生和29.8%的女生最愿意网上交谈的方式。结论:中职学生对青春期性健康知识掌握不够系统,态度比较开放,对知识和服务的需求较大。     

The prevalence of common skin conditions in Australian school students: 4 Tinea pedis

Tinea pedis is a condition that is common, often undiagnosed and frequently inadequately treated. It is reported as being rare in young children, but there are relatively few population-based reports of prevalence. A randomized sample of 2491 students from schools throughout the State of Victoria, Australia, were examined by dermatologists and dermatology registrars, who recorded clinical signs suggestive of tinea pedis, which were then confirmed by fungal culture. The age- and sex-adjusted prevalence of culture-proven tinea pedis was 5.2% [95% confidence interval (CI) 3.58-6.82] increasing with age from 2.1% (95% CI 0.95-3.28) in 4-6 year olds to 9.7% (95% CI 5.21-14.26) in 16-18 year olds. A higher proportion of males (6.0%) had tinea pedis than females (4.3%). Trichophyton mentagrophytes and T. rubrum were the most common dermatophytes isolated on culture. Less than 40% of those with a positive diagnosis had reported on the questionnaire that they had tinea. Of those who reported correctly that they had tinea, 75% had used one or more products to treat their condition, of which more than 40% were classified as unlikely to have any therapeutic effect on tinea pedis. These data confirm that tinea pedis, a potentially transmissible disease, is common in Australian schoolchildren, including those in primary school. There is a need for education programmes in schools on the nature of tinea pedis, the treatment available, and the public health approach to infection control within the school and home environment.     

The prevalence of common skin conditions in Australian school students: 2. Atopic dermatitis

The prevalence of atopic dermatitis (AD) was recorded following examination by dermatologists and dermatology registrars of a random sample of 2491 school students throughout the State of Victoria, Australia. The overall prevalence, based on clinical examination, was 16.3% (95% confidence interval, CI 14.1-18.5), being higher in girls (17.7%; 95% CI 15.0-20.4) than boys (14.8%; 95% CI 11.8-17.8). Using the U.K. Working Party Diagnostic Criteria for AD reduced the prevalence to 10.8% (95% CI 9.3-12.3) with the prevalence in girls 12.3% (95% CI 10.1-14.4) and in boys 9.2% (95% CI 7.1-11.4). The prevalence was highest in 4-6 year olds (18.7% on clinical examination, 11.5% using the U.K. Working Party Criteria), decreasing with increasing age to 11.6% on clinical examination (8. 6% on U.K. Working Party Criteria) among 16-18 year olds. Most of those with AD were classified as having mild disease (54.1%), with 32.1% classified as having minimal and 13.8% as having moderate to severe disease. Over 80% of those who reported on the questionnaire that they had dermatitis that was then confirmed on examination had been using one or more products to treat it. Nearly 90% of these products were classified as efficacious, with medical practitioners being the major source of advice for their use (77%). Pharmacists (8%), family/friends (6%) and others (9%), including beauticians and naturopaths, made up the remainder of the persons from whom those affected had sought advice about their treatment. These data, the first community-based prevalence data on AD published from Australia, confirm that the condition is common among those of school age. There is a need for AD to be included among those conditions that are discussed in health education lessons in schools.     

Prevalence and relevance of the positivity of skin prick testing in patients with chronic urticaria

Many patients with chronic urticaria (CU) worry that foods or other allergens are responsible for their urticaria. Skin prick testing (SPT) may be one of the investigations used to provide a clear illustration. The purpose of our study was to assess the prevalence of positivity of SPT to food allergens and aeroallergens and their relevance in patients with CU, in order to demonstrate the diagnostic value of SPT in CU. We retrospectively reviewed case record forms of patients with chronic ordinary urticaria who underwent SPT in the Urticaria Clinic, Siriraj Hospital, during the period 2000-2004. The studied allergens included 16 food allergens and 12 aeroallergens. Eighty-eight patients were enrolled. The prevalence of positive SPT among patients with CU was 47.7%. Patients who had personal histories of atopy had statistically significant positive SPT results compared with patients who had negative SPT. Of 88 patients, 26 patients (30%) gave positive results to food allergens, 36 patients (41%) gave positive results to aeroallergens and 20 patients (22.7%) gave positive results to both food and aeroallergens. One-third of the subjects (34.6%) who had positive SPT results to food allergens had clinical relevance of food allergy in some systems but only one patient had clinical relevance of food-induced urticaria. Half of the patients who had a history of aeroallergen sensitivity gave a positive SPT response for aeroallergens; however, there was no clinical relevance to their CU. Our study showed that the prevalence of positive SPT to food allergens and aeroallergens in patients with CU was common but had little clinical relevance to CU.     

Acne: prevalence, perceptions and effects on psychological health among adolescents in Aydin, Turkey

Background Acne vulgaris is a common disease among adolescents and known to have adverse effects on psychological status. Methods A cross‐sectional study was conducted on 600 participants by means of a questionnaire designed for this study in high school students. In addition, an objective evaluation of acne in participants was undertaken. The questionnaire consisted of questions about acne, General Health Questionnaire (GHQ) and Rosenberg Self‐Esteem Scale (RSES). Results Five hundred and sixty‐three questionnaires out of 600 were answered and 550 adolescents who gave permission for examination were evaluated. The study population consisted of 303 girls and 260 boys between the ages 13 and 19, and the mean age was 15.24 ± 1.05 years. Acne prevalence was 63.6% with 29.2% non‐inflammatory and 34.4% inflammatory acne. It was more prevalent and severe in boys than in girls. Not the objective but the subjective severity of acne and opinion that one could benefit from acne treatment was found to be related to anxiety, depression and self‐esteem. Factors implicated among causes of acne were food, bad skin hygiene and hormones in decreasing frequency. Forty‐eight per cent of adolescents expect a maximum duration of 4 weeks for treatment. Conclusion Despite the high prevalence of acne, there is still much deficiency of knowledge and wrong beliefs about acne. This indicates that there is an urgent need for education about etiopathogenesis, potential complications and importance of effective treatment for acne. Effective treatment may make significant contributions for the mental health of adolescent and as well as adult populations.     

半乳糖凝集素与皮肤病研究进展

半乳糖凝集素家族是一类内源性凝集素家族,与含β-半乳糖苷残基的多聚糖具有高亲和力,目前已有15个半乳糖凝集素家族成员被发现,其广泛分布于上皮细胞和免疫细胞,参与细胞的生长分化、细胞间的粘附、细胞信号转导及细胞凋亡等多种细胞活动。其中,半乳糖凝集素-1,-3,-7,-9,-12参与皮肤肿瘤、创面愈合、银屑病、硬皮病、系统性红斑狼疮、特应性皮炎、白癜风等多种皮肤病的疾病进程,有望作为疾病发展和预后的生物标记物。本文对近年来半乳糖凝集素-1,-3,-7,-9,-12及相关皮肤病研究进展进行综述。     

The prevalence of skin conditions in Romanian school children

Virtually nothing is known about the prevalence of skin conditions in children in the general population. Although we know something about the relative frequency of skin conditions seen by dermatologists, we do not know how such referrals are influenced by factors such as social class, accessibility to medical services or educational and cultural background. In order to estimate the burden and relative frequency of dermatological disease in children in the community, we measured the point prevalence of skin conditions in 1114 Romanian schoolchildren aged 6-12 years, using the British Association of Dermatologists diagnostic index. The overall point prevalence of children with one or more skin diseases was 22.8%, with no significant differences according to age group or sex, except for pityriasis alba which showed a male predominance (P = 0. 007). The most common diseases were infectious dermatoses such as viral warts and insect bites (6.3%), dermatitis/eczema (5.1%), pityriasis alba (5.1%), keratosis pilaris (4.0%) and urticaria (1. 9%). Together, these five groups accounted for more than 84% of the cases. Of the 1114 children, 213 (19.1%) had only one skin disease and 41 (3.7%) had two skin diseases. While acknowledging the limitations in defining which skin conditions can benefit from medical care, this study suggests that skin disorders are common in Romanian schoolchildren, affecting about one-quarter of 6-12 year olds. Such a point prevalence is likely to be conservative because of the tendency of prevalence estimates to exclude many other dermatoses of short duration. The finding that over 80% of the disorders can be grouped into fewer than six categories is important in informing training programmes and delivery of service for primary health care teams. This study provides a baseline for further studies into the morbidity and use of health care services by children with skin disease in the community.     

Prevalence and predictors of psychosocial morbidity in patients with chronic pruritic skin diseases

Background Itch is a major symptom of many skin diseases and causes patients considerable distress, adversely affecting quality of life. Feelings of helplessness and lack of control can influence the perceived itch and psychosocial complaints. Objectives To determine the prevalence of psychosocial morbidity among patients with pruritic skin diseases, and the influence of itch‐related variables, coping strategies, and demographic variables on psychosocial morbidity. Patients and methods One hundred and sixty‐eight patients with pruritic skin diseases from five hospitals in the Netherlands participated in the study. Skin‐related psychosocial morbidity was measured with the Adjustment to Chronic Skin Diseases questionnaire (ACS); general psychosocial morbidity was measured with the Symptom Checklist‐90 (SCL‐90). The frequency and intensity of itching and scratching was recorded in diaries. Itch‐related coping was measured with the Itching Cognitions Questionnaire (ICQ). Multiple regression analyses were used. Results Patients with pruritic skin diseases had higher SCL‐90 scores than a healthy Dutch population. All patients had psychosocial complaints as measured with the ACS. Thirty‐nine per cent of the variance in skin‐related psychosocial morbidity was explained by ‘catastrophizing and helpless coping’; another 11% was explained by itching and scratching. Age and sex together explained another 10%. The frequency of itching and scratching (11%), ‘catastrophizing and helpless coping’ (19%) and skin‐related psychosocial morbidity (10%) explained the variance in general psychosocial morbidity. Conclusions Patients with a pruritic skin disease have a high level of psychosocial morbidity. Catastrophizing and helpless coping are the most important predictors of psychosocial morbidity, with itching, scratching and demographic variables having a limited influence.     

润肤剂在炎症性皮肤病中的临床应用

近年来,润肤剂为干燥性炎症性皮肤病的基础治疗正逐渐成为共识,国际上润肤剂是皮肤病领域中重要的治疗产品,引导患者坚持自我皮肤护理的理念,教会患者居家皮肤护理的方法是确保最佳治疗效果、降低疾病复发频率和复发程度的关键所在。本文就润肤剂在炎症性皮肤病中的临床应用做一综述。     

丽水市社区人群皮肤病流行病学调查及风险因素分析

目的:了解社区人群常见皮肤病的流行情况及可能的风险因素.方法:对某社区人群进行皮肤病检查和危险因素调查.结果:该社区应查2 325人,实查2 023人(87%),皮肤病总患病率27.4%.患病率较高有脂溢性角化病(9.4%)、浅部真菌病(8.0%)及湿疹皮炎类皮肤病(7.5%).年龄大、营养摄入不均衡、吸烟、有系统疾病者皮肤病总患病率增加.结论:普通人群中皮肤病较常见.年龄大、营养摄入不均衡、吸烟、伴随系统疾病是患皮肤病的可能危险因素.     

Prevalence of nickel allergy among Finnish university students in 1995

Nickel allergy was studied in a sample of 1st-year university students starting their studies in 1995. A total of 296 subjects (72%) of 413 invited participated in the clinical examination, and 284, 96 male and 188 female, were patch tested (69%). A history of nickel sensitization was enquired for. Prick tests and serum specific IgE levels were determined. Occurrence of atopic dermatitis, hand eczema, and current exposure to metals were recorded. Nickel allergy was encountered in 39% of all female students, in 42% of females with pierced skin, and in 14% of females without pierced skin. The corresponding figures for males were 3%, 7% and 3%. In the multiple regression analysis, the risk factors for nickel allergy were female sex (OR 8.1, p<0.01), current metal exposure at examination (OR 4.1, p<0.01) and skin piercing (OR 3.6, p<0.05). Positive prick tests or elevated IgE levels to common allergens were not significantly associated with nickel allergy. In female students, the prevalence of nickel allergy has increased from 13% in 1986 to 39%. The prevalence among males has remained low at 3%. The results indicate that, in addition to skin piercing, current metal contacts are important risk factors for nickel allergy. This finding gives support to the EU Nickel Directive.     

细菌生物膜与皮肤病相关性研究进展

细菌生物膜在皮肤病发病机制中的作用受到越来越多的关注。研究发现，在痤疮、特应性皮炎、化脓性汗腺炎、脓疱疮和皮肤创伤感染等皮损部位均可检测到细菌生物膜。不同皮肤疾病中细菌生物膜不同，致病机制也不同。本文综述了细菌生物膜在皮肤病发生发展中的作用。     

援鄂抗击新型冠状病毒肺炎医护人员的皮肤损伤和皮肤病调查

目的：对援鄂抗击新型冠状病毒肺炎医护人员的皮肤损伤和皮肤病发生情况进行调查分析。方法：利用问卷网制作调查问卷,通过微信群发放二维码在线填写。内容包括受访者的基本情况、皮肤症状和皮肤病发生情况。结果：共155名医护人员完成调查,其中医生52名（33.55%）,护士103名（66.45%）;男64名（41.29%）,女91名（58.71%）,平均年龄35.32岁。援鄂期间每天洗手大于10次的140名（90.32%）。最常见的皮肤症状为压痕（88.39%）、皮肤干燥（63.23%）、多汗（50.97%）。压痕和压疮最常见的部位是鼻梁（83.94%）。最常见的皮肤病为湿疹（24.52%）、痤疮（21.94%）和毛囊炎（21.29%）。结论：援鄂医护人员皮肤损伤和皮肤病发生率高,需要进行干预。     

Indigenous therapies for skin diseases in sub‐Saharan Africa

Typically, most patients in Nigeria would have tried both oral and topical remedies before visiting a dermatology clinic. There are no documentations of what these remedies are. The aim of this study is to determine what remedies patients use and the influence of age, gender, level of education, and marital status on the choice of herbal remedies. This was a retrospective cross‐sectional chart review over a 3‐year period. Records of all new patients attended to at the dermatology clinic between October 2015 and October 2018 were retrieved and relevant information extracted. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 23.0. A total of 835 new patients were seen during the study period, 56.9% females and 43.1% males. Prior to attending the dermatology clinic, 52.8% had used a remedy which was herbal in 9.1% and Western in 90.9%. Out of those that had used herbal medications, 65% was oral, 27.5% was topical and 7.5% was topical and oral. Out of those that had used Western medications, 63.1% was topical 23.9% was oral and 13% was oral and topical. Herbal and western medications were used in 11 persons. Most Nigerian patients use a Western remedy before dermatology clinic attendance. In the few patients who use herbal remedies, this is independent of age, gender, level of education, diagnosis, and marital status.     

温州市初中生急救知识、态度与行为调查

目的了解温州市在校初中生急救知识、态度和行为现状。方法采用自行设计的问卷对随机选取的温州市3个区6所学校2258名初中生进行有关急救知识、态度和行为情况的调查。结果初中生急救知识知晓率偏低,许多题目的知晓率在50％以下,电视为最主要的知识来源。学习态度大多较好,近70％的初中生表示不愿意或者犹豫对陌生人实施心肺复苏术的救助。结论温州市初中生的急救知识、态度和行为有待改善。