长沙市青少年与异地青少年体型状况比较

本研究于 1999～ 2 0 0 0年对长沙市区 7所普通中小学 16 4 8名 6～ 15岁男、女青少年进行体格发育和体型状况研究 ,并用 Heath- Carter三角体型图法与异地青少年进行体型分布特点和规律的比较研究。研究发现 :长沙市男孩与日本男孩形态发育和体型状况存在显著差异 :日本男孩各形态指标均占明显优势 ,体型图上日本男孩集中于中胚型 ,而长沙市男孩集中于中胚型偏向外胚型 ;长沙市汉族女孩和延吉市朝鲜族女孩体型比较发现 :汉族女孩内因子、外因子分值占明显优势 ,而朝鲜族女孩中因子分值高于汉族女孩 ,两者的平均位距随年龄增长而逐渐加大 ,同时 ,随年龄增长 ,汉族女孩由中胚型 -外胚型 -内胚型的顺序发展 ,大多数位于外胚型 ,而朝鲜族女孩则由中间中胚型渐左移 ,大多数位于中胚型的内带地区。本次研究证实了人的体型不是一成不变的 ,而是受到各种因素的影响 ,且不同国家、不同地区、不同民族的青少年在体型图上各具明显的分布特征     

抑郁症患者体型的Heath-Carter法研究

目的探讨抑郁症患者的体型特征。方法应用Heath—Carter体型法对符合中国精神障碍分类与诊断标准第三版（CCMD-3）首次抑郁发作的222例（男62例,女160例）患者进行体型评价。结果抑郁症患者男性的体型为内胚-中胚均衡型体型（3.79-3.80-2.23）,女性为偏中胚层体型的内胚层体型（4.60-3.53-1.72）。结论抑郁症患者体型与健康人群体型有差异（P〈0.05）,抑郁症患者有独特的体型特征。     

南京市城区老年人的体型特征

目的了解南京市城区不同年龄段老年体型特征,为制定科学评价老年人体质水平的监测标准提供依据。方法运用希斯-卡特体型测量法对南京市城区50岁以上老年人的各项身体指标进行测量,并进行统计分析。结果南京市城区50~55岁男性老年人平均体型三因子均值为4.9、5.0、3.4,70岁以上年龄组体型三因子均值为4.3、4.5、4.9,总体体型三因子均值为5.7、5.0、2.9;女性老年人总体体型三因子均值为6.2、5.2、1.6,同各年龄段一样属于均衡的内胚层体型;50~55岁男女老年人体型没有显著性差异(t=1.23,P0.05),56岁后男女老年人体型差异性显著,70岁后差异最大(t=5.42,P0.01),总体比较,南京城区男女老年人体型差异有统计学意义(t=3.16,P0.01)结论南京市城区50~55岁男性老年人属偏内胚层的中胚层体型,56~69岁男性老年人为偏中胚层的内胚层体型,70岁后南京男性老年人为外胚层体型,总体为偏中胚层的内胚层体型,南京城区老年女性为均衡内胚层体型。     

男青少年体型与形态、机能、素质发育相互关系的研究

利用希斯·卡特体型评价法,对1028名7～17岁北京城区男青少年进行了体型分析;比较了内、中、外胚三种体型男孩在骨龄、身高等28项形态、机能、素质发育上的差异。作者探讨了这些差异的产生原因,并就该体型评价法的应用前景作了讨论。     

辽西汉族青少年体型的研究

[目的]为探讨我国辽西地区汉族青少年体型发育的特点与规律,为体质人类学补充必要的资料.[方法]采用Heath-Carter人体测量法对辽西地区城乡青少年的体型进行了调研.[结果]城女在内因子,城男在中、外因子及乡男在外因子方面各占优势;男生的平均体型属三胚中间型,女生的平均体型属偏外胚层的内胚层体型;与国内外群体比较,男生体型与日本人较接近,女生体型与芬兰人较接近.[结论]辽西地区汉族青少年脂肪发育和身体线性度居中等水平,骨骼肌肉发育居中下等.     

3～6岁双生子体型遗传分析

目的 分析3～6岁幼儿体型各因子的遗传度,探讨遗传与环境因素对其体型发育的影响.方法 采用Heath-Carter体型法对72对3～6岁同性别双生子[同卵双生子(MZ)42对,异卵双生子(DZ)30对]的体型进行分析,用Holzinger公式估算体型各因子遗传度.结果 二维空间的体型离散距离(SDD)和三维空间体型位置距离(SAD)显示,MZ的体型较DZ更为接近;体型各因子对间方差在2类双生子间均无明显差异,中因子和外因子的对内方差DZ均明显大于MZ、组内相关系数MZ均明显大于DZ;内、中、外3个因子的遗传度分别为0.38、0.67、0.73.结论 遗传与环境因素对3～6岁幼儿体型发育均有一定影响,内因子主要受环境影响,中、外因子受遗传因素影响较大.     

广西玉林市城区青少年视力状况分析

目的:了解玉林市城区青少年视力状况,为制定青少年视力防护干预措施提供资料。方法:使用SLD-型标准对数视力表单眼检查法在玉林市城区选择一所中学进行裸眼远视力检查。结果:950名学生1900眼远视力检查,初中部视力不良率为57.36%,初一至初三各年级间差异无统计学意义(P0.05);高中部视力不良率为70.93%,高一至高三各年级间视力不良率逐渐上升,年级间有统计学差异(P0.05);男性视力不良率61.15%,女性视力不良率71.62%,女性视力不良率明显高于男性,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:玉林市城区青少年视力状况不容乐观,应加强青少年视力保护措施。     

男女不育症患者应对方式及其影响因素研究

目的探讨男女不育症患者应对方式的差异及其影响因素。方法采用问卷调查法,对成都市妇女儿童中心医院129例不育症患者的应对方式、焦虑抑郁评分进行调查分析。结果男女在应对方式的自责、求助、逃避和合理化四个因子间存在差异。其中自责、逃避和合理化因子分男性较女性高,而求助因子分女性较男性高(P0.05)。男女不育症患者都有较高的焦虑抑郁评分。结论男女不育症患者的应对方式、焦虑抑郁评分存在差异,与多种因素有关。在对不育症患者的临床治疗工作中,可以根据患者性别、年龄、不育时间、焦虑抑郁的程度以及其应对方式,有针对性地进行心理指导和治疗。     

长沙市某医院职工血尿酸、血糖与血脂水平的分析

本文对长沙市某医院职工 2 0 0 1年健康体检中血尿酸、血糖和血脂检查结果进行了分析 ,结果表明 :1、血尿酸随年龄增长而升高 ,均为男性高于女性 ,除 30岁以下组外 ,其余各组性别间均有显著差异 (P<0 .0 1) ;2、本组对象血糖较为稳定 ,呈现随年龄增长而略有升高 ,性别间差异不大 ,仅 6 0～岁组男性高于女性 (P<0 .0 1) ;3、血脂成分中 TG水平随年龄增长而升高 ,除 70～岁组外 ,均呈现男性高于女性 ,同组中只有 4 0～岁组具性别间显著差异 (P<0 .0 1) ;TC水平亦随年龄增长而升高 ,男女性别间差异不大 ,但在 6 0～岁组以后性别间差异显著 (P<0 .0 1) ;HDL- C均呈现为女性高于男性 ,除 30岁以下组和 5 0～岁组外 ,性别间差异显著 (P<0 .0 1)     

甘肃省8 164例儿童青少年瞳距测量分析

【目的】 了解甘肃省6~15岁儿童青少年瞳距的发育情况,研究儿童青少年瞳距生长发育规律。 【方法】 对甘肃省兰州、舟曲、会宁、白银、静宁、合作六个地区8 167例6~15岁儿童青少年进行横断面调查,采用钢尺测量瞳距并对结果进行分析。 【结果】 甘肃省8 164例6~15岁儿童青少年男性瞳距从55.60 mm增至61.49 mm,女性瞳距从56.04 mm增至60.24 mm,即瞳距随年龄增长而增大;瞳距与年龄呈正相关(男性:r=0.335,P<0.01;女性:r=0.286,P<0.01),且两性各年龄组间比较差异均有统计学意义;在不同性别的儿童和青少年间的瞳距比较中除6岁组外,男性瞳距均大于女性,6~10岁两性瞳距比较差异无统计学意义,但在11~15岁间不同性别的儿童和青少年间的瞳距比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。甘肃省6~15岁儿童青少年瞳距随年龄增长而增大,男性和女性的瞳距快速增长年龄均始于9岁,但女性13岁后即进入平台期,而男性15岁时仍持续增长。男性14岁,女性11岁瞳距达成人水平。 【结论】 儿童和青少年瞳距正常参考值对儿童头颅发育异常的诊断有重要的参考价值,供临床参考。     

Comparison of somatotype between Chinese and Japanese children and youth by using Heath-Carter method

This study was designed to compare the different somatotype growth of Chinese and Japanese boys aged 7 through 17. 2,074 subjects participated in it. Their somatotypes were analysed by using Heath-Carter method and their morphological varieties compared. Significant differences were found not only in their limb length and bone width, but also in their muscle circumferences and skinfolds. These differences showed the superiority of Chinese boys in ectomorph factor and the Japanese boys in endomorph and mesomorph factors respectively. The somatotype distributions of these two nations were also quite different at different ages, although they showed similar changing trend of somatotype around adolescent growth spurt.     

Somatotypic characteristic of schizophrenic patients

AIM: Introduction of quantitative metric methods of somatotype assessment in schizophrenic patients to make clinical diagnosis more objective, the diagnosis being otherwise based exclusively on the clinical interview and assessment of the mental status of patients and thus involving certain subjectivity. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study included 67 schizophrenic inpatients (38 men, 29 women) consecutively admitted to the Clinic of Psychiatry in Plovdiv. Their mean age was 31.47 years (SD = 9.43, range 16-56), mean duration of illness 6.86 (SD = 6.09, range 1-27), mean number of hospitalizations 4.22 (SD = 4.08, range 1-19). The patients satisfied DSM-IV criteria for a diagnosis of schizophrenia (American Psychiatric Association, 1994). The control group comprised 69 subjects (36 men, 33 women) with a mean age 39.24 years (SD = 10.18, range 22-68) and socioeconomic background matching that of the patients. RESULTS: The data showed statistically significant differences in the three somatotype component and in almost all somatotypological variables between male schizophrenic patients and control subjects. The somatotype categories were more extensively presented in the schizophrenic patients. There was a tendency to higher frequency of the ectomorphic categories (ectomorphic mesomorph, mesomorphic ectomorph and endomorph-ectomorph). No statistically significant differences were found in the somatotype components and somatotypological variables between the female schizophrenic patients and control subjects. CONCLUSION: The data of the examination of the somatotype of schizophrenic patients and control subjects evince a definite sexually related body constitution characteristic that differentiates the groups. Schizophrenic patients and control subjects are clearly determined somatotypically only in the group of males.     

Masculine somatotype and hirsuteness as determinants of sexual attractiveness to women

Five questionnaire studies asked women to rate the attractiveness of outline drawings of male figures that varied in somatotype, body proportions, symmetry, and in distribution of trunk hair. In Study 1, back-posed figures of mesomorphic (muscular) somatotypes were rated as most attractive, followed by average, ectomorphic (slim), and endomorphic (heavily built) figures by both British and Sri Lankan women. In Study 2, computer morphing of somatotypes to produce an intergraded series resulted in a graded response in terms of perceived attractiveness which mirrored the findings of Study 1. In Study 3, back-posed figures were manipulated in order to change waist-to-hip ratios (WHR) and waist-to-shoulder ratios (WSR). A WHR of 0.8–0.9 and a WSR of 0.6 were rated as most attractive and these effects were more pronounced when modeling mesomorphic figures. In Study 4, symmetric figures of a mesomorphic somatotype were rated as less attractive than a normal (asymmetric) version of the same man. Study 5 showed that presence of trunk hair had a marked, positive effect upon women's ratings of attractiveness for both mesomorphic and endomorphic male figures. Women also judged figures with trunk hair as being older and they consistently rated endomorphic figures as being older than mesomorphs. These results are consistent with effects of sexual selection upon visual signals that advertise health, physical prowess, age, and underlying endocrine condition in the human male.     

儿童青少年体型自我评价与抑郁症状关系的研究

目的 了解儿童青少年体型自我评价和体重指数(BMI)评价结果的一致性,分析体型与抑郁症状的关系.方法 以2010年全国学生体质与健康调研安徽省池州市5555名9～18岁儿童青少年为研究对象,比较体型自我评价和BMI评价结果的一致性及其与抑郁症状的关系.结果 男女生体型自我评价和BMI评价结果具有轻度一致性(Kappa=0.217,P=0.000;Kappa=0.203,P=0.000).43.0％的男生和37.5％的女生错误估计了自己的体型,男女生体型低估率分别为35.9％和23.3％,高估率分别为7.1％和14.2％,差异有统计学意义(x2=145.223,P=0.000).logistic多因素回归分析结果显示,体型自我评价和体型错估均与抑郁症状存在统计学关联.与自我评价正常组比较,自我评价消瘦、超重和肥胖的抑郁症状检出率比值比分别为1.255(95％CI:1.066～1.478)、1.538(95％CI:1.275～1.856)和1.713(95％CI:1.035 ～ 2.834),体型高估和低估学生抑郁症状的风险分别是一致组的1.705倍(95％CI:1.382～ 2.105)和1.241倍(95％CI:1.059 ～1.454).结论 儿童青少年体型自我评价与BMI评价结果一致性轻微,体型错估是抑郁症状的危险因素.应开展以生活技能为核心的综合性干预措施,促进儿童青少年身心健康.     

安徽省某乡镇社区居民高血压患病率及危险因素研究

[目的]了解农村社区居民高血压患病率及主要危险因素,探讨农村社区高血压疾病的综合防制措施。[方法]整群抽样安徽省某乡镇9个农村社区年龄35岁以上、居住时间超过1年的居民进行高血压普查及其危险因素调查。[结果]安徽某乡镇社区35岁以上农民高血压患病率为23.29%,男女患病率相当。高血压的主要影响因素有:年龄、BMI、家族史、蛋类摄入、高血压知识了解情况、职业等。[结论]本地区农村居民高血压防制形势不容乐观,应加强对高血压疾病的社区干预。     

Nutrition-related disease and death in Zhejiang Province?

In Zhejiang province economic development and changes in nutrition appear to have increased both life expectancy and nutrition-related chronic disease morbidity. Life expectancy is longer in urban populations than in rural and in both urban and rural females. From 1997 to 2002 urban females had an average life expectancy of 81.4 years. In 2002 the estimated incidence of ischaemic heart disease was higher in rural males and females whereas diabetes mellitus was higher in urban males and females. From 1990 to 2002 lung cancer had large increases in all groups, cancers of the oesophagus and stomach increased in rural males and females, and cancer of the large intestine increased 40 per cent in urban males. In 2002 deaths from cerebrovascular disease were much higher in rural males and females. Apart from differences in lifestyle factors between urban and rural, access to medical resources may also be relevant to the differences within the province in chronic disease rates and in life expectancy.     

汉族儿童青少年体型遗传的双生子研究

目的分析遗传与环境因素对儿童青少年体型的影响,并探讨其中年龄和性别的作用。方法采用Heath-Carter法对376对6～18岁同性别汉族双生子（同卵双生子245对,异卵双生子131对）的体型三因子进行计算。调整另外两项体型因子后,用Mx软件拟合最佳模型,计算各体型因子的遗传与环境方差组分,分析年龄和性别的作用,并按体格突增分期估算不同发育期各因子的遗传度。结果校正年龄后,男生内、中、外三因子的遗传度分别为0．45,0．80,0．44;女生内、中、外三因子的遗传度分别为0．82,0．79,0．81;男生内因子的遗传度在青春期晚期明显高于前期（t=4．99,P〈0．01）和早期（t=6．16,P〈0．01）,外因子的遗传度在青春期晚期明显低于前期（t=3．35,P〈0．01）和早期（t=4．12,P〈0．01）;女生内因子（t=2．77,P〈0．01）、中因子（t=2．08,P〈0．05）的遗传度均为青春期前期明显高于早期。结论遗传因素对女生体型的影响明显高于男生,尤以内因子和外因子最为明显,男生中因子主要受遗传因素影响,内、外因子受环境因素影响较大。不同发育阶段对体型各因子遗传度的影响应引起重视。     

Heath—Carter体型方法及应用

Heath-Carter体型法是一种连续定量的体型综合评价法,它克服了体型评价的主观性,为体型的概念下了明确科学的定义。Heath-Carter体型法对体型成分进行多元回归分析,具有客观性和普遍适用性,并且容易掌握,是目前世界上较先进,也最为流行的用来评价成人和儿童体型的方法。     

广东省2002年成人超重、肥胖流行病学特征分析

目的 了解广东省成年人超重肥胖的流行特征,确定预防控制的重点人群和地区。方法 运用多阶段随机整群抽样方法,抽取大城市、中小城市、2类农村各3个区(县)、1类农村4个县,每个县(区)抽取2个街道(乡)、6个居委,共540户,用面对面询问调查获得≥18岁居民个人基本情况,体检获取体重、身高数据。结果 共调查≥18岁成年人15 130人,体重指数均值为22.03±3.38,男性(22.06±3.37)与女性(21.98±3.40)比较差异无统计学意义,城市(23.06±3.53)与农村(21 08±2.94)比较差异有统计学意义。超重、肥胖的粗患病率分别为16 8％和1.8％,年龄标化患病率分别为15.0％和1 7％。超重粗患病率城市(24 8％)高于农村(9.4％),男性(17 5％)高于女性(16 2％);肥胖粗患病率城市(3.1％)明显高于农村(0 7％),男性(1 8％)与女性(1.7％)之间差异无统汁学意义。超重、肥胖的影响因素主要为体力活动、家庭收入、性别、年龄、吸烟与城乡。结论 广东省超过六分之一成年居民超重和肥胖,已经成为一个重要的公共卫生问题,必须采取平衡膳食、增加体力活动与健康教育等措施进行综合防治。