抗猪带绦虫六钩蚴独特型抗体疫苗对猪体免疫保护作用的研究

目的本研究在证实猪带绦虫六钩蚴抗原具有很高的免疫保护性的基础上，探讨六钩蚴抗独特型抗体作为六钩蚴抗原替代物对猪体的保护作用，为研制猪体囊虫疫苗提供理论基础。方法用六钩蚴粗制抗原免疫家兔，制备兔抗六钩蚴抗体(Ab1)，再用Ab1免疫昆明小白鼠，制备抗独特型抗体(Ab2)，免疫猪体，以3节猪带绦虫孕卵节片攻击感染，90d后剖杀，观察感染情况。结果5头试验猪只有1头在膈肌发现1个囊虫，而2头阳性对照猪均被感染，各检查部位囊虫数平均为4．5个／100g和3．2个／100g。结论抗猪带绦虫六钩蚴独特性抗体Ab2对猪体有较强的免疫保护作用。     

猪带绦虫六钩蚴抗原对猪体免疫保护作用的初步研究

本文报告猪带绦虫六钩蚴抗原对猪体的免疫保护作用，结果发现，免疫接种的实验动物没有感染，得到了完全保护，提示六钩蚴抗原对猪体有高度的保护作用；２头未免疫的对照组，１头雌猪感染较重，虫体负荷数为６６８，另１头雄猪没有感染，提示宿主的性别或不同的个体对猪带绦虫的易感性可能有差别。     

猪带绦虫六钩蚴抗原对猪体免疫保护作用的初步研究

本文报告猪带绦虫六钩蚴抗原对猪体的免疫保护作用，结果发现，免疫接种的实验动物没有感染，得到了完全保护，提示六钩蚴抗原对猪体有高度的保护作用；２头未免疫的对照组，１头雌猪感染较重，虫体负荷数为６６８，另１头雄猪没有感染，提示宿主的性别或不同的个体对猪带绦虫的易感性可能有判别。     

猪带绦虫六钩蚴TSO45W基因工程疫苗研究进展

囊虫病是一种危害严重的人兽共患寄生虫病。研制有保护性作用的疫苗将是控制和消灭该病的有效方法,猪带绦虫保护性抗原的研究是猪囊虫病免疫的基础。45W蛋白是猪带绦虫六钩蚴时期的重要抗原,但天然45W抗原来源有限,限制了其应用,而基因工程重组抗原的应用可解决质量控制和抗原来源的问题。本文就近年来国内外对猪带绦虫六钩蚴TSO45W基因工程疫苗的研究进展作一综述。     

猪带绦虫六钩蚴TSOL18重组蛋白快速诊断试纸条研制

目的以猪带绦虫六钩蚴重组蛋白(TSOL18)为抗原,建立一种简便快速的猪囊虫抗体检测方法,评价其血清学诊断的价值。方法用胶体金颗粒标记纯化的TSOL18重组蛋白,将兔抗TSOL18-GST-IgG和TSOL18重组抗原分别喷涂于硝酸纤维素膜的质控线和检测线上,与PVC垫板等部件按顺序装配成猪囊虫抗体快速检测试纸条;用该试纸条检测猪血清样品测定敏感性和特异性。结果该试纸条与全囊虫抗原ELISA的相对敏感性和特异性分别为75.0%(12/16)和95.2%(40/42),与剖检计数法的相对敏感性达80.0%(12/15)。试纸条在4℃存放12个月,检测结果稳定,重复性好。结论基于TSOL18建立的胶体金免疫层析试纸条操作简单、快速敏感、稳定性好,可用于猪囊虫病感染的诊断和筛查。     

猪带绦虫六钩蚴超微结构的观察

目的 观察猪带绦虫六钩蚴的超微结构。 方法 猪带绦虫病患者驱虫,收集成熟虫卵。次氯酸钠法破卵壳后,等渗细胞分离液（Percoll）收集六钩蚴,人工肠液激活。热琼脂离心法制备电镜样品,透射电镜观察。 结果 猪带绦虫成熟六钩蚴呈卵圆形,（14～17）μm ×（10～13）μm,表面有不规则的突起或皱褶。六钩蚴小钩从外至内由颗粒带、纤维层和芯髓组成。成熟六钩蚴具成肌细胞、小钩生发细胞和皮层细胞等几种细胞类型。 结论 猪带绦虫六钩蚴的超微结构和缩小膜壳绦虫（Hymenolepis diminuta）六钩蚴的超微结构相似,但小钩的结构不同;猪带绦虫六钩蚴有形成上皮的双核细胞。     

一氧化氮对猪带绦虫六钩蚴细胞毒作用的研究

目的　研究一氧化氮 (NO)对猪带绦虫六钩蚴杀伤作用。方法　以LPS诱导离体的小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞 ,使其产生NO ;加入猪带绦虫六钩蚴 ,测定 4 8h内六钩蚴的死亡率 ;分别用诱导型一氧化氮合酶 (iNOS)的抑制剂地塞米松 (Dexam ethasone ,DXS)和左旋硝基精氨酸 (Nω -nitro -L -arginine ,L -NNA)抑制NO产生 ,与未加抑制剂组比较六钩蚴死亡率的变化。结果　LPS可有效诱导巨噬细胞产生NO ,2 0× 10 5巨噬细胞产生的NO浓度为 119 6 4 0 0 +5 115 4 μmol/L ,相应的杀虫率为 79 83%。加入抑制剂DXS和L -NNA后 ,巨噬细胞的NO产量均明显降低 ,其杀虫率也明显降低。结论　活化巨噬细胞产生的NO对猪带绦虫六钩蚴有杀伤作用。     

链状带绦虫六钩蚴形态与猪体感染初期分布的研究

本文通过链状带绦虫虫卵体外孵育和猪体感染，对六钩蚴形态和感染猪体初期的分布进行了观察。体外孵育的六钩蚴有４种不同的运动形式，可能与卵成熟情况有关；定向运动的六钩蚴有感染能力；扫描电镜下不能运动的六钩蚴外有一层单位膜包囊；六个小钩为六钩蚴的运动器官，感染宿主后１０～１５ｄ开始退化消失。     

抗人膀胱癌抗独特型抗体的制备和鉴定

目的：制备抗人膀胱癌抗独特型抗体（Ab2)并进行体外实验和鉴定，探讨通过免疫效应治疗或预防膀胱癌术后复发的可能性。方法：提取膀胱癌抗原（Ag)，应用膀胱癌抗原通过杂交瘤技术制备抗人膀胱癌单克隆抗体（Ab1)，Ab1经胃蛋白酶水解制备Ab1的F（ab‘)2片优，以F（ab‘）2片段免疫新西兰白兔，其血清经凝胶纯化后获抗人膀胱癌抗独特型抗体（Ab2），采用ELISA等方法进行鉴别。结果：Ab2与Ab1呈阳性反应，与BALB／C小鼠γ球蛋白呈阴极反应；Ab2与Ag竞争结合Ab1；Ab2与Ag的结合。结论：Ab1是针对膀胱移行细胞癌的单克隆抗体，Ab2是具有膀胱癌抗原的抗独特型抗体。     

猪带绦虫抗原刺激囊虫病患者PBMC Th1/Th2细胞因子的表达及其免疫调节

目的检测猪带绦虫不同虫期抗原刺激囊虫病患者外周血单个核细胞(PBMC)Th1/Th2细胞因子的表达水平,并分析其在囊虫病免疫调控中的作用。方法用流式细胞仪检测囊虫病患者新鲜血T淋巴细胞亚群,并以猪带绦虫六钩蚴抗原或囊尾蚴抗原刺激囊虫病患者PBMC,分别在刺激的第0d、5d、10d和15d时检测Th1/Th2细胞因子(IFN-γ及IL-4),对分泌IFN-γ或IL-4的不同细胞群体进行数据分析。结果囊虫病患者新鲜血T淋巴细胞亚群CD3+与CD4+细胞较正常人升高,CD4+/CD8+较正常人升高,分泌IFN-γ及IL-4的CD3+细胞百分率较正常人升高;猪囊尾蚴抗原刺激囊虫病患者PB-MC第0d、5d、10d和15d时,分泌IFN-γ的CD3+细胞百分率分别为25.42%±5.53%,30.46%±4.94%,36.52%±4.73%,38.69%±5.58%;分泌IL-4的CD3+细胞百分率分别为2.52%±0.52%,3.00%±0.57%,3.81%±0.70%,5.03%±0.73%。六钩蚴抗原刺激囊虫病患者PBMC分泌IFN-γ及IL-4的CD3+细胞百分率亦呈现相同的变化趋势。结论囊虫病患者与正常人相比PBMC中存在T淋巴细胞的极化水平异常,CD3+与CD4+细胞百分率均显著升高,T细胞亚群比例失调,免疫功能紊乱;随着囊尾蚴抗原刺激外周血PBMC时间延长,分泌IFN-γ和IL-4的CD3+细胞百分率逐渐升高。     

鲁中地区猪带绦/囊虫病流行病学调查研究

为摸清鲁中地区猪带绦 /囊虫病流行情况 ,1997年对平阴等 5县 (区 ) 2 2处乡 (镇 ) 5 6个自然村的 35 5 12人进行了调查。人群绦虫病患病率为 0 .10 1% ,囊虫病患病率为 0 .10 7%。 5县 (区 )均有不同程度的流行。男女之间绦/囊虫病患病率无显著性差异 ,但患病率随年龄增加而升高 ,二者呈正相关。另外 ,发现其分布有明显的职业特征。人群抗囊尾蚴特异性 Ig G4抗体阳性率平均为 2 .2 4%。猪囊虫感染率在 0 .12 %～ 0 .48%之间 ;5县 (区 )共采集 2 0 4份猪血标本 ,血清学检测抗体阳性率为 4.41%。同时 ,对居民饮食、卫生习惯、养猪情况等进行了调查分析     

Taeniasis vs cysticercosis infection routes

Although cysticercosis caused by Taenia solium(T. solium) is considered a neglected disease, its life cycle has been well known for more than two centuries. T. solium not only causes cysticercosis but also taeniasis in humans. These two diseases have totally different infection routes. To acquire taeniasis(the presence of the adult stage of T. solium in the intestine), humans have to ingest the larval stage(cysticercus) that infects a variety of organs and viscera in pigs, its intermediate hosts. Therefore, taeniasis is acquired when eating raw or undercooked infected pork. The adult stage in the human intestine release eggs that contain a hexacanth embryo, the oncosphere. If humans accidentally ingest the eggs of T. solium, the released oncospheres penetrate the intestine and become cysticerci. Therefore, cysticercosis is acquired by the ingestion of eggs that contaminate water, vegetables, hands etc. These facts should not be forgotten to avoid misinformation in scientific publications.     

Vaccination of pigs to control human neurocysticercosis

Taenia solium taeniasis/cysticercosis is a zoonotic disease complex in which the pig is an obligate intermediate host. The infection is widespread, particularly in the developing world, and neurocysticercosis is a major cause of human neurologic disease where the parasite is endemic. Despite easy availability, effective anti-parasitic drugs have not been deployed effectively to control disease transmission. We have investigated a vaccine strategy to prevent parasite infection of the pig intermediate host. Such a strategy would interrupt the parasite's life cycle and eliminate the source of infection for humans. Two recombinant antigens selected from the parasite oncosphere life cycle stage were tested in vaccination trials in pigs that were challenged orally with Taenia solium eggs. Both antigens were highly effective in protecting the pigs against infection with the parasite (98.6% and 99.9% protection, respectively). No viable cysts were found in eight pigs vaccinated with one of the antigens. A recombinant subunit vaccine based on oncosphere antigens has the potential to improve the available control measures for T. solium and thereby reduce or eliminate neurocysticercosis.     

Cross-protection between antigenically distinct H1N1 swine influenza viruses from Europe and North America

Please cite this paper as: De Vleeschauwer et al. (2011) Cross‐protection between antigenically distinct H1N1 swine influenza viruses from Europe and North America. Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses 5(2), 115–122. Background An avian‐like H1N1 swine influenza virus (SIV) is enzootic in swine populations of Western Europe. The virus is antigenically distinct from H1N1 SIVs in North America that have a classical swine virus‐lineage H1 hemagglutinin, as does the pandemic (H1N1) 2009 virus. However, the significance of this antigenic difference for cross‐protection among pigs remains unknown. Objectives We examined protection against infection with a North American triple reassortant H1N1 SIV [A/swine/Iowa/H04YS2/04 (sw/IA/04)] in pigs infected with a European avian‐like SIV [A/swine/Belgium/1/98 (sw/B/98)] 4 weeks earlier. We also examined the genetic relationships and serologic cross‐reactivity between both SIVs and with a pandemic (H1N1) 2009 virus [A/California/04/09 (Calif/09)]. Results After intranasal inoculation with sw/IA/04, all previously uninfected control pigs showed nasal virus excretion, high virus titers in the entire respiratory tract at 4 days post‐challenge (DPCh) and macroscopic lung lesions. Most pigs previously infected with sw/B/98 tested negative for sw/IA/04 in nasal swabs and respiratory tissues, and none had lung lesions. At challenge, these pigs had low levels of cross‐reactive virus neutralizing and neuraminidase inhibiting (NI) antibodies to sw/IA/04, but no hemagglutination‐inhibiting antibodies. They showed similar antibody profiles when tested against Calif/09, but NI antibody titers were higher against Calif/09 than sw/IA/04, reflecting the higher genetic homology of the sw/B/98 neuraminidase with Calif/09. Conclusions Our data indicate that immunity induced by infection with European avian‐like H1N1 SIV affords protection for pigs against North American H1N1 SIVs with a classical H1, and they suggest cross‐protection against the pandemic (H1N1) 2009 virus.     

人体囊虫病诊断试剂盒的效果评价

目的评价囊虫IgG抗体检测试剂盒的诊断效果,为临床应用提供参考。方法按照囊虫IgG抗体检测试剂盒说明书,采用ELISA法检测囊虫病、包虫病、带绦虫病及健康人血清。结果在30例活动期脑囊虫病病人中,28例呈囊虫IgG抗体阳性,敏感性为93.33%。100份健康人血清均无阳性反应。在42例带绦虫感染者,2例囊虫抗体阳性,阳性率为4.76%。在60份包虫病血清中,阳性41份,该试剂盒与包虫病的交叉反应率为68.33%。结论所评价试剂盒敏感性较好,但特异性差,与包虫病的交叉反应率高。以上提示国内囊虫病免疫学诊断试剂的质量有待提高。     

Antibody responses and epitope specificities to the Taenia solium cysticercosis vaccines TSOL18 and TSOL45-1A

Taenia solium is a cestode parasite that causes cysticercosis in humans and pigs. This study examined the antibody responses in pigs immunized with the TSOL18 and TSOL45-1A recombinant vaccines against T. solium cysticercosis. Immunization with these proteins induced specific, complement-fixing antibodies against the recombinant antigens that are believed to be associated with vaccine-induced protection against T. solium infection. Sera from immunized pigs were used to define the linear B-cell epitopes of TSOL18 and TSOL45-1A. Prominent reactivity was revealed to one linear epitope on TSOL18 and two linear epitopes on TSOL45-1A. These, and oncosphere antigens from other taeniid cestodes, contain a protein sequence motif suggesting that they may show a tertiary structure similar to the fibronectin type III domain (FnIII). Comparison of the location of linear antigenic epitopes in TSOL18 and TSOL45-1A within the proposed FnIII structure to those within related cestode vaccine antigens reveals conservation in the positioning of the epitopes between oncosphere antigens from different taeniid species.     

山东省带绦虫病与囊虫病重点疫区流行现状调查研究

目的 了解山东省带绦虫病与囊虫病在重点疫区的流行情况。方法 １９９９年对聊城等４市地的５县（区）１５个乡（镇）４３个行政村的３１１２４人进行了调查，结果 人群带绦惠恨，囊虫感染率５．１／万，有较明显的职业分布特征。人群血清猪囊尾蚴特异性Ｉｇｇ，抗体阳性率１．３８％，商品猪血清囊尾蚴抗体阳性率０．３８％。结论 初步搞清了山东省重点疫区带绦虫病与囊虫病的流行现状，并对该病的各流行环节做了分析，为该病的     

Modified vaccinia virus Ankara expressing the hemagglutinin of pandemic (H1N1) 2009 virus induces cross‐protective immunity against Eurasian ‘avian‐like’ H1N1 swine viruses in mice

Objectives

To examine cross-reactivity between hemagglutinin (HA) derived from A/California/7/09 (CA/09) virus and that derived from representative Eurasian “avian-like” (EA) H1N1 swine viruses isolated in Italy between 1999 and 2008 during virological surveillance in pigs.

Design

Modified vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA) expressing the HA gene of CA/09 virus (MVA-HA-CA/09) was used as a vaccine to investigate cross-protective immunity against H1N1 swine viruses in mice.

Sample

Two classical swine H1N1 (CS) viruses and four representative EA-like H1N1 swine viruses previously isolated during outbreaks of respiratory disease in pigs on farms in Northern Italy were used in this study.

Setting

Female C57BL/6 mice were vaccinated with MVA/HA/CA/09 and then challenged intranasally with H1N1 swine viruses.

Main outcome measures

Cross-reactive antibody responses were determined by hemagglutination- inhibition (HI) and virus microneutralizing (MN) assays of sera from MVA-vaccinated mice. The extent of protective immunity against infection with H1N1 swine viruses was determined by measuring lung viral load on days 2 and 4 post-challenge.

Results and Conclusions

Systemic immunization of mice with CA/09-derived HA, vectored by MVA, elicited cross-protective immunity against recent EA-like swine viruses. This immune protection was related to the levels of cross-reactive HI antibodies in the sera of the immunized mice and was dependent on the similarity of the antigenic site Sa of H1 HAs. Our findings suggest that the herd immunity elicited in humans by the pandemic (H1N1) 2009 virus could limit the transmission of recent EA-like swine HA genes into the influenza A virus gene pool in humans.     

亚洲无钩绦虫感染者在云南省首次发现

目的：对云南兰坪防治绦虫病试点进行病原学调查,查明流行虫种与流行环节。方法：对该地２例患者作驱绦虫治疗,获取成虫,洗净,取孕节直接灌喂本地圈养的健康断乳猪５头,并设健康断乳猪２头作对照,分别隔离饲养观察。２－３个月后,解剖观察各组织器官,查找囊尾蚴。另对该地放养的自然感染疫猪１头同法解剖观察。结果：驱出成虫４条,取头节和孕节观察,形态特征与牛带绦虫相似。取其孕节人工感染猪,于２头猪的肝脏、大网膜及肠系膜查见囊尾蚴２３个。自然感染猪１头,经解剖仅在肝脏及大网膜查见囊尾蚴３个。取囊尾蚴直接压片、染色、镜检,见成熟囊尾蚴原头节均有钩,具顶突及４个吸盘,与猪囊尾蚴相似。根据形态特征及囊尾蚴寄生部位鉴定为亚洲无钩绦虫。结论：亚洲无钩绦虫感染者在云南省首次发现。