电子束计算机断层血管造影及三维重建在冠状动脉搭桥术后的临床 …

目的 探讨电子束计算机断层（ＥＢＣＴ）血管造影及三维重建在冠状动脉搭桥术后的临床应用价值。方法 均采用单层增强扫描（ＳＳＭ）和血流扫描（ＦＬＯＷ ＳＴＵＤＹ）;三维重建采用表面阴影显示法（ＳＳＤ）,并与手术结果做了对照,其中７例有术后造影检查结果。结果 １５０例ＥＢＣＴ扫描及三维重建均获得成功;３９９支搭桥血清血管中有３１８支显示通畅,通畅率为７９．７％;其中,１００支乳内动脉桥中８７支通畅（占８     

电子束计算机断层血管造影及三维重建在冠状动脉搭桥术后的临床应用

目的探讨电子束计算机断层（ＥＢＣＴ）血管造影及三维重建在冠状动脉搭桥术后的临床应用价值。方法均采用单层增强扫描（ＳＳＭ）和血流扫描（ＦＬＯＷＳＴＵＤＹ）；三维重建采用表面阴影显示法（ＳＳＤ），并与手术结果做了对照，其中７例有术后造影检查结果。结果１５０例ＥＢＣＴ扫描及三维重建均获得成功；３９９支搭桥血管中有３１８支显示通畅，通畅率为７９７％；其中，１００支乳内动脉桥中８７支通畅（占８７％），２９６支大隐静脉桥中２２８支通畅（占７７％），３支桡动脉桥全部通畅（１００％）。７例患者ＥＢＣＴ结果显示１２支桥有５支发生了阻塞，与其造影结果一致。结论ＥＢＣＴ是评价搭桥血管通畅与否的很有价值的无创方法，并有望取代常规心血管造影。     

电子束CT冠状动脉成像同血管造影的对比

目的：评价电子束CT(EBCT)冠脉增强扫描对冠状动脉狭窄的诊断意义．方法：55例患分别行EBCT增强扫描和冠状动脉血管造影术(CAG)，并由两位不知造影结果的医师进行阅片，与CAG结果进行对照．结果：EBCT判断狭窄的灵敏度是：左主干96％，左前降支89％，左回旋支71％．右冠80％，对明显狭窄的58支冠脉(管腔狭窄≥50％)有46支判断正确，灵敏度79％，127支无明显病变的冠脉有114支判断正确，特异度是90％(P＜0．001)．结论：EBCT增强扫描及其三维重建与冠脉血管造影结果具有高度的相关性．通过经静脉增强造影，EBCT可以清楚地显示冠状动脉并判断管腔的狭窄，尤其是重度狭窄．     

e-Speed 电子束CT血管造影对冠状动脉疾病诊断的临床应用

目的 总结e-Speed电子束CT(electron beam computed tomography, EBCT)冠状动脉造影检查结果,探讨EBCT血管造影的图像质量及其对冠状动脉疾病的诊断价值.方法 2005年4月～2006年7月疑诊冠状动脉疾病或健康查体来我院行e-Speed电子束CT冠状动脉检查病例356例,所有受检者均行EBCT冠状动脉平扫,319例行EBCT冠状动脉造影检查.结果 以容积再现(VR)和曲面重建(CPR)图像为评价主要依据,参考其他图像后处理结果,将EBCT冠状动脉造影图像质量分为6个等级.优良(6～4分)图像为270例,占84.6%,3分图像37例,占11.6%,2分以下图像12例,占3.8%,2分以下图像不能进行诊断.能进行诊断的307例中,冠状动脉未见异常者211例(68.7%),冠状动脉狭窄者95例(30.9%),冠状动脉先天性异常1例.结论 EBCT血管造影可清晰显示冠状动脉主干及主要分支,判断冠状动脉有无狭窄及其程度,在冠状动脉疾病诊断和介入治疗筛选方面可部分取代传统的导管法造影检查.     

电子束CT探测冠状动脉狭窄在冠心病诊断中的价值

目的评价电子束CT(EBCT)增强扫描对冠状动脉狭窄的诊断意义。方法80例患者分别行EBCT增强扫描和冠状动脉血管造影术(CAG),分别由2位不知造影结果的医师进行阅片,并以CAG结果作为标准进行对比分析。结果EBCT判断近段血管狭窄(管腔狭窄≥50%)的灵敏度是:左主干(LM)100%,右冠状动脉(RCA)93%,左前降支(LAD)90%,左回旋支(LCX)81%,判断远段血管狭窄的灵敏度为:RCA67%,LAD43%,LCX46%(P<0.05)。结论EBCT增强扫描及其三维重建与冠状动脉血管造影结果具有高度的相关性,通过经静脉增强造影,EBCT可以清楚地显示冠状动脉并判断管腔的狭窄,尤其是近段的重度狭窄。     

e-Speed电子束CT对冠状动脉粥样硬化心脏病的诊断价值

目的总结e-Speed电子束CT(electron beam computed tomography,EBCT)冠状动脉检查结果,探讨EBCT冠状动脉造影的图像质量及其对冠心病的诊断价值.方法疑诊冠心病或健康查体来我院行e-Speed电子束CT冠状动脉检查病例115例,所有受检者均行EBCT平扫,92例行EBCT血管造影检查.结果冠状动脉钙化积分,60岁以前较低,60岁以后逐渐增高,70岁以后明显增高.EBCT冠状动脉造影检查优良图像为79例(85.9%),不满意图像为13例(14.1%);根据EBCT冠状动脉造影结果,85.9%病例可做出明确诊断,10.9%病例只能做出大致诊断,3.2%病例不能做出诊断.结论EBCT对诊断冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病有重要价值,EBCT冠状动脉造影在冠状动脉病变诊断和介入治疗筛选方面可部分取代传统的插管法造影检查.     

电子计算机断层扫描血管成像技术在冠状动脉旁路移植术后桥血管评价中的应用

冠状动脉旁路移植术后桥血管是否通畅是影响手术效果和患者预后的主要因素,因此对桥血管的评价具有重要的临床意义。冠状动脉造影是桥血管评价的主要手段,但因其有创及合并症风险,常需住院进行检查,导致其临床应用受限。电子计算机断层扫描血管成像技术（computed tomography angiography,CTA）无创、操作简便、可重复性好。随着电子计算机断层扫描技术的发展,CTA在桥血管评价中的应用越来越受到人们的关注。本文拟就CTA在桥血管评价中的应用历史、现状、热点问题及未来发展作一综述。     

Appropriate indications for computed tomography coronary angiography

Computed tomography coronary angiography (CTCA) has been shown in multicentre trials to be reliable in ruling out significant coronary artery disease (CAD). It is used most appropriately in symptomatic patients with low to intermediate pretest probability of CAD. It should not be used in asymptomatic subjects, patients with known significant CAD or patients with a high pretest probability of CAD. The radiation dose of CTCA was previously two to three times that of invasive coronary angiography but with modern protocols, it is similar or lower. Patients generally need to be in sinus rhythm, tolerate Β-blockers and nitrates, have a heart rate < 65 beats per minute, be able to hold their breath for 10 seconds, and have normal renal function.     

先天性冠状动脉变异的双源CT冠状动脉成像

目的 用双源CT冠状动脉血管成像评价冠状动脉正常形态,分析冠状动脉先天性变异分支,提高临床手术指导作用.方法 回顾2008年1月至2010年9月行双源CT检查的2530例受检者的影像资料,通过最大密度投影、多平面重组、曲面重建、容积再现后处理技术方法,对冠状动脉正常走向与变异进行分析.结果 225例患者检查显示冠状动脉先天变异284支.变异包括冠脉主干起源变异121例,其中右冠状动脉高位开口35例、左冠状动脉高位开口24例、右冠状动脉发自左冠状窦17例、左冠状动脉发自右冠状窦4例、左冠状动脉发自后冠状窦2例、单支冠状动脉2例、副冠状动脉37例;冠状动脉发育不良18例;冠状动脉瘘9例:右冠状动脉右室瘘4例、右冠状动脉肺动脉瘘2例、左冠状动脉右心室瘘2例、左冠状动脉肺动脉瘘1例;心肌桥-壁冠状动脉136例.1720例患者左窦房结动脉异常起源818例.结论 双源CT冠状动脉血管造影可以提高冠状动脉先天性变异检出率,准确评价冠状动脉正常及变异改变,清晰显示变异血管分支细节,对手术治疗具有指导作用.     

电子束CT三维重建在髁突骨折中的应用评价

目的：探讨电子束CT（EBCT）三维重建在髁突骨折中的应用价值。方法：髁突外伤患者11例，均给予临床检查、摄X线片、EBCT平扫及三维重建检查，评估髁突骨折的类型及骨折移位程度、选择适合的治疗方案。结果：EBCT具有扫描速度快、图像清晰的特点，其三维影像可以任意旋转和切割，从不同角度观察病变情况，正确地显示髁突骨折及其类型。结论：EBCT平扫及三维重建能客观地提供髁突骨折的所有特征，将两种以上重建方法结合，可以更清晰地显示和反映骨折线走向、碎骨片的移位，提高了髁突骨所的诊断和显示率，降低了误诊率，为制订治疗方案提供准确信息。     

电子束CT三维重建的髋臼骨折中的应用评价

目的：探讨用电子束CT（EBCT）三维重建,评估髋臼骨折的临床应用价值。方法：收集髋臼骨折26例,所有患者均接受骨盆X线摄片、EBCT平扫及三维重建检查,评估髋臼骨折的类型及骨的移位程度,选择适合的治疗方案。结果：EBCT三维重建能正确地显示髋臼骨折及其类型,26例中涉及髋臼前柱1例、后柱3例、后壁11例、横型4例、复合型7例。经EBCT三维重建获得髋臼骨折的直观三维图像,正确评估其严重程度和类型,15例手术治疗,11例牵引治疗。结论：EBCT三维重建能客观地提供髋臼骨折的所有特征,选择适合的治疗方法,并在术前正确评估髋臼骨折以增加手术操作的性,减少手术对组织的损伤,取得满意的疗效。     

Comparison of 99mTc-methoxyisobutylisonitrile myocardial single-photon emission computed tomography and electron beam computed tomography for detecting coronary artery disease in patients with no myocardial infarction

Background Previous studies have compared single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and electron beam computed tomography (EBCT) in detection of coronary artery disease (CAD) in patients with myocardial infarction (MI). The purpose of this study was to compare SPECT with EBCT in detection of CAD in patients with no MI.Methods One hundred and forty-seven patients with suspected CAD underwent stress-rest 99mTc-methoxyisobutylisonitrile (99mTc-MIBI) myocardial SPECT, cardiac EBCT and coronary angiography (CAG) within one month. Of them, 73 patients (aged 52.6±10.6 years old) with no history of MI were included in this study. Coronary artery calcium (CAC) was defined as a CT value ≥130 HU within the boundary of coronary artery on EBCT. Results There were 35 and 38 patients with or without CAD according to CAG. Ninety-six percent of the patients with abnormal SPECT and CAC had a coronary arteries stenosis ≥50%, and 90.9% patients with normal SPECT and EBCT showed no CAD. The sensitivity of SPECT and EBCT in detection of CAD was comparable, and the specificity of SPECT (92.1%) was significantly higher than that of EBCT (55.3%) (P&lt;0.005). For the detection of individual coronary artery stenosis, both sensitivity and specificity of SPECT (75.0% and 93.7%) were significantly higher than those of EBCT (53.3% and 76.7%) (P&lt;0.025 and P&lt;0.005, respectively). In patients without chest pain, the sensitivity and specificity of SPECT (76.9% and 91.4%) were significantly higher than those of EBCT (23.1% and 69.0%) in detection of a coronary artery stenosis of ≥50% (P&lt;0.01 and P&lt;0.005, respectively). However, in patients with chest pain, both sensitivity and specificity of SPECT were comparable to those of EBCT. In patients ≤45 years old, the sensitivity of SPECT (77.8%) was significantly higher than that of EBCT (27.8%) in assessing a coronary artery stenosis of ≥50% (P&lt;0.005), and the specificity of SPECT was comparable to that of EBCT. In patients &gt;45 years old, the specificity of SPECT (94.3%) was significantly higher than that of EBCT (70.5%) (P&lt;0.005), and the sensitivity of SPECT was comparable to that of EBCT. Conclusion 99mTc-MIBI myocardial perfusion SPECT has higher accuracy than that of EBCT in detection of CAD in patients without MI.     

64排螺旋CT冠状动脉成像评价冠状动脉狭窄准确性的Meta分析

目的  对以侵入性冠状动脉造影（ICA）为金标准,研究64排螺旋CT冠状动脉成像（64-row CCTA）诊断冠状动脉狭窄的文献进行Meta分析,评价64-row CCTA对冠状动脉狭窄的临床诊断价值。方法  检索Cochrane图书馆、OVID循证医学数据库、PubMed、中国期刊网中的中、英文文献。按照Cochrane协作网推荐的诊断试验纳入标准筛选文献,提取纳入研究的特征信息。数据分析采用RevMan 5.3统计软件,检验异质性,并根据异质性结果选择相应的效应模型。对所有研究进行加权定量合并,计算汇总敏感性（Se）、汇总特异性（Sp）及95%可信区间（CI）。绘制汇总受试者工作特征曲线（SROC）,计算曲线下面积。结果  共纳入69篇文献,均存在异质性,按照随机效应模型,汇总Se=0.92,95%CI=（0.91,0.92）;汇总Sp=0.95,95%CI=（0.95,0.96）;SROC曲线下面积为98.60%。结论  64-row CCTA诊断冠状动脉狭窄具有较高的Se和Sp,是一种高效、无创的检查方法。

     

Diagnostic accuracy of coronary angiography using 64-slice computed tomography in coronary artery disease

Objectives:

To conduct a meta-analysis and investigate the diagnostic value of 64-slice computed tomography (CT) angiography for diagnosing coronary artery disease (CAD) in patients.

Methods:

A comprehensive literature search from March 2005 to August 2014 was performed on the following databases: Cochrane Library; Medline; EmBase; PubMed; and BioMed Central database. As a reference standard, studies that assessed 64-slice CT angiography in detecting coronary artery stenosis (CAS) with invasive coronary angiography were included. Coronary artery stenosis was defined as ≥50% diameter stenosis. Diagnostic value was determined by pooling sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratio (PLR) and negative likelihood ratio (NLR) values at segment-level analysis. Diagnostic accuracy was undertaken using area under the curve (AUC) value and summary receiver operating characteristic (SROC) curves. Publication bias was examined by Deek’s funnel plot asymmetry test.

Results:

Eight studies were included in the analysis, enrolling a total of 579 patients (7,407 segment coronary vessels). At segment-level, pooled sensitivity value was 90% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 83-95%), specificity was 91% (95% CI: 61-98%), PLR value was 9.7 (95% CI: 1.8-53.3), and NLR value was 0.11 (95% CI: 0.05-0.22) for CAS. Optimal cut-off point of sensitivity was 90%, and specificity under the SROC curve was 91%. The AUC value was 0.94.

Conclusion:

The 64-slice CT angiography is a reliable tool for detection of CAD when using a cut-off of ≥50% diameter stenosis in elderly population.Coronary artery stenosis (CAS) is not only observed in coronary atherosclerotic heart diseases, but also in Kawasaki diseases associated with coronary damages.1,2 Conventional coronary angiography has been considered as the gold standard method for diagnosing coronary lesions. However, coronary angiography is unlikely to be accepted in the absence of significant lesions and risk of complications due to its invasive features.3 Therefore, an alternative noninvasive procedure for determining CAS is necessary. In recent decades, multi-slice spiral computed tomography (CT) coronary angiography has become one of the hot spots in cardiovascular imaging technology. This method has been applied for evaluating CAS, and was proposed as a potential alternative procedure for invasive coronary angiography.4 Multi-slice CT imaging technology advances have undergone 4-slice, 16-slice, 64-slice and 256-slice stages. Progress of multi-slice CT systems has allowed increased accuracy in quantifying obstructive lesions of coronary arteries.5 Many researchers have used multi-slice CT coronary angiography to determine CAS using invasive coronary angiography as a standard of reference.6,7 However, great variations in sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic accuracy exist. The 64-slice CT scanner is widely used in current clinical practice due to its high temporal and spatial resolution. In order to assess the diagnostic accuracy of 64-slice CT in determining CAS, we conducted a meta-analysis of currently published studies that compared 64-slice CT angiography with conventional coronary angiography for diagnosing CAS.     

Dual-energy computed tomography angiography for evaluating the renal vascular variants

Background  Recognizing renal vascular variants preoperatively is important in order to avoid vascular complications during surgery. This study aimed to investigate the renal vascular variants with dual-energy computed tomography (DECT) angiography to provide valuable information for surgery.

Methods  A total of 378 patients underwent DECT. The number, size, course and relationships of the renal vessels were retrospectively observed from the scans. Anomalies of renal arteries and veins were recorded and classified. Multiplanar reformations (MPR), maximum intensity projections (MIP), and volume renderings (VR) were used for analysis.

Results  In 378 patients (756 kidneys), renal artery variations were discovered and recorded in 123 kidneys (16.3%, 123/756) of 106 patients (28.0%, 106/378). Type IB (early branches of the only one main renal artery) and IC (accessory renal artery with only one main renal artery) were found most frequently with an incidence of 11.4% (43/378) and 14.5% (55/378). The incidence of renal artery variations in the left kidney was not statistically different than in the right kidney (12.4% vs. 11.1%). The incidence of renal vein variations was detected in 104 patients (27.5%, 104/378). The incidence of venous variants in the right kidney was higher than in the left kidney (20.1% vs. 7.4%), but left renal vein variations were more complex. Variants of the left renal vein were detected in 28 patients including type 1 (circumaortic left renal vein) in eight cases, type 2 (retroaortic left renal vein) in seven cases, type 3 (abnormal reflux) in six cases, type 4 (late venous confluence of left renal vein) in five cases, and type 5 (rare type) in two cases. The frequency of left renal vein variation associated with the left renal accessory artery was significantly higher than with early branches of the left renal artery (P=0.037).

Conclusions  The renal vascular variants are rather common and complex. DECT angiography can demonstrate the precise anatomy of the renal vessels, which is a benefit for renal transplantation or other renal operations

     

16层螺旋CT与导管法冠脉成像的对照研究

目的 与导管法冠脉成像相对照，探讨16层螺旋CT冠脉造影的临床应用价值。方法 20例16层螺旋CT冠脉造影病例，使用GE Pro lightspeed Plus 16层螺旋CT，选择图像显示最优相位窗对所有管腔直径大于≥2mm冠脉及主要分支血管进行评估及狭窄评价，图像重建方法包括二维曲面重建（CPR）、最大密度投影（MIP）和容积再现（VR）重建，均行导管法冠脉造影对照。结果 在205支冠脉血管中180支可以进行评价，以导管法冠脉造影结果为对照，16层螺旋CT诊断冠脉狭窄≥50%的敏感度、特异度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值分别为89．4%、95．7%、88．5%、96．6%。结论 16层螺旋CT能较准确诊断冠状动脉50%以上的狭窄，是无创性诊断冠状动脉狭窄的有效检查方法。     

Evaluation of coronary artery bypass graft patency using three-dimensional re construction and flow study of electron beam tomography

目的　建立并评价电子束CT (EBT)两种方法在冠状动脉搭桥术后 (CABG)随访应用中的价值。方法　本组共 2 14例CABG患者进行了EBT两种方法的扫描 :(1)电子束CT血管造影 (EBA) ,以完成冠状动脉及搭桥血管的三维重建 ;(2 )电子束CT血流扫描 ,以得到冠状动脉及其搭桥血管的血流曲线。结果　本组共分析了 589条冠状动脉搭桥血管 (10条血管因图像伪影而除外 )。 133条动脉材料的血管桥通畅率超过静脉桥 (P <0 0 0 1)。三维重建方法诊断的敏感性、特异性和准确性分别是 97 7%、94 1%和 96 7% ,均高于血流扫描方法 (分别是 88 4 %、82 4 %和 85 2 % )。动脉与静脉血管桥内的平均血流量分别为 4 9± 2 2ml·min 1·g 1和 6 9± 2 8ml·min 1·g 1(P <0 0 0 1)。结论　电子束CT血管造影配合三维重建方法有利于观察冠状动脉及其搭桥血管的解剖 ,而血流扫描方法有利于观察并定量评估搭桥血管内的血流 ,两种方法的结合是理想的冠状动脉搭桥术后随访的无创影像方法     

64层螺旋CT诊断冠状动脉粥样硬化狭窄准确性研究

目的 评价64层螺旋CT(64-MSCT)诊断冠状动脉粥样硬化狭窄的准确性.方法 61例疑似冠心病患者在5～20 d内行64层MSCT冠状动脉成像(CTA)和血管造影(CAG)检查,其中男52例、女9例,平均年龄58岁±11岁.冠状动脉成像质量按照4分标准对右冠状动脉、左主干、左前降支和左回旋支4支血管分别进行评价.CTA与CAG冠状动脉病变狭窄程度以50%为界,对以上4支血管进行评价.对比分析MSCT诊断冠状动脉狭窄程度≥50%和＜50%的敏感性、特异性、假阳性、假阴性等指标.根据斑块的成分将其分为钙化和非钙化斑块两组,对二者所导致的管腔狭窄分别进行分析比较.结果 所有61例患者均获得优良的冠状动脉影像,冠状动脉成像质量评分为(3.57±0.18)分.CTA与CAG对比,诊断冠状动脉狭窄程度灵敏度为95.45%、特异度为96.15%、假阳性率为3.85%、假阴性率4.55%、阳性预测值为93.33%、阴性预测值为97.40%.对于非钙化斑块所致的管腔显著性狭窄的诊断敏感度和特异度均为85.71%;对于钙化斑块所致的显著性狭窄的诊断敏感度和特异度分别为83.33%和31.57%.结论 64-MSCT可准确显示冠状动脉硬化所致狭窄性病变,可用于冠心病的无创性检查,对于钙化斑块所导致的管腔狭窄的判断特异度低.     

Noninvasive coronary angiography with multislice computed tomography

Context  Multislice computed tomography (MSCT) has recently evolved as a modality for noninvasive coronary imaging. Objective  To assess the accuracy and robustness of MSCT vs the criterion standard of invasive coronary angiography for detection of obstructive coronary artery disease. Design, Setting, and Patients  Prospective, single-center study conducted in a referral center setting in Germany and enrolling 103 consecutive patients (mean age, 61.5 [SD, 9.7] years) from November 2003–August 2004 who were undergoing both invasive coronary angiography and MSCT using a scanner with 16 detector rows. Main Outcome Measures  Blinded results for both modalities compared using the patient as the primary unit of analysis, with supplementary segment- and vessel-based analyses. Results  One thousand three hundred eighty-four segments (1.5 mm diameter) were identified by invasive coronary angiography; nondiagnostic image quality of MSCT was identified for only 88 (6.4%) of these segments, mainly due to faster heart rates. Compared with invasive coronary angiography for detection of significant lesions (>50% stenosis), segment-based sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values of MSCT were 95%, 98%, 87%, and 99%, respectively. Quantitative comparison of MSCT and invasive coronary angiography showed good correlation (r = 0.87, P<.001), with MSCT systematically measuring greater-percentage stenoses (bias, +12%). In the patient-based analysis, the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.97 (95% confidence interval, 0.90-1.00), indicating high discriminative power to identify patients who might be candidates for revascularization (>50% left main artery stenosis and/or >70% stenosis in any other epicardial vessel). Threshold optimization allowed either detection of these patients with 100% sensitivity at a reasonable false-positive rate (specificity, 76.5%; MSCT stenosis, >66%) or optimization of both the sensitivity and specificity (>90%; MSCT stenosis, >76%). Conclusions  Multislice computed tomography provides high accuracy for noninvasive detection of suspected obstructive coronary artery disease. This promising technology has potential to complement diagnostic invasive coronary angiography in routine clinical care.