奥卡西平治疗癫(癎)部分性发作的疗效观察

目的:观察奥卡西平治疗癫癎部分性发作的疗效.方法:51例部分性发作的癫癎患者采用奥卡西平治疗.成年患者起始剂量300mg/d,根据病情逐渐加量,3d后增至基本维持量(600mg/d),仍有发作者继续加量,2周后达最佳效果或可耐受的最高剂量(1800mg/d);儿童患者起始剂量8-10mg/(kg·d),根据病情每周加1次剂量,每次加量不超过10 mg/(kg·d),直至维持剂量30-40mg/(kg·d).观察治疗后癫癎发作情况及药物不良反应.结果:奥卡西平治疗5个月后,本组患者总有效率为74%,完全控制率为30%.用药1个月内,本组7例患者出现不良反应,1例因全身皮疹停用奥卡西平.结论:奥卡西平治疗癫癎部分性发作的疗效较好,但有时可产生较严重不良反应,临床应用须谨慎.     

奥卡西平治疗癫部分性发作50例疗效观察

目的观察奥卡西平治疗癫部分发作的疗效及安全性。方法 50例部分发作的癫患者采用奥卡西平治疗。成年患者的起始剂量为300mg/d。根据病情逐渐加量,3d后增至基本维持量600mg/d,仍有发作者继续加量,2周后达最佳效果或可耐受的最高剂量1 800mg/d;儿童患者起始剂量8～10mg/(kg.d),根据病情每周增加1次剂量,每次加量在10mg/(kg.d)以下,直至维持量30～40mg/(kg.d)。观察治疗后癫发作情况及药物不良反应。结果奥卡西平治疗5个月后,本组总有效率67.3%,完全控制率24.5%。用药1月内,本组10例患者出现不良反应,1例因剥脱性皮炎而停用此药。结论奥卡西平治疗癫部分性发作疗效较好,但有时可能产生严重的不良反应,临床应用时应谨慎。     

奥卡西平治疗儿童部分发作性癫痫80例临床分析

目的观察国产奥卡西平（OXC）治疗儿童部分发作性癫痫的疗效、安全性和耐受性。方法用国产奥卡西平单药治疗80例部分发作性癫痫患儿,分析治疗后1、2、3、6、9、12个月的疗效和不良反应。奥卡西平起始剂量5~10 mg/（kg·d）,最大剂量30~40 mg/（kg.d）,维持剂量中位值20 mg/（kg·d）,bid。结果本组总有效率为87.50%,服药12个月时累积控制率为73.75%,有5例因严重不良反应而调用其他药物,余75例均能耐受。结论国产奥卡西平为治疗儿童部分性发作性癫痫相对理想的药物选择。     

奥卡西平治疗痴笑发作1例

1临床资料患者,女,36岁,体重60kg,因阵发性痴笑5年于2013年7月9日来诊。2008年春患者突然出现阵发性痴笑,呼之能应,但不能言语,每次历时数秒钟至半分钟不等,过后对发作过程能完整回忆,发作时不能自行控制,偶伴有小便失禁。有时呈比较自然的发笑,有时哭和笑混合出现。发作前后无明显不适。刚开始时发作频率为1～2次／d,间隔时间不固定。曾于2008年在当地医院行脑MRI正常,且未影响日常的生活和劳动,故未在意。但发作逐渐增多,     

奥卡西平添加治疗成人难治性癫痫部分性发作的临床观察

目的观察奥卡西平添加治疗成人难治性癫痫部分性发作的长期疗效与安全性。方法 96例难治性癫痫部分性发作患者,保持原使用的抗癫痫药不变,加用奥卡西平治疗,观察期为12个月,进行自身对照开放性研究,观察其疗效、不良反应、保留率及安全性。结果 81例患者完成12个月随访观察,经治疗12个月后总有效率44.4%。同治疗前比较,总发作频率减少41.0%(P0.05),其中单纯部分性发作频率减少41.4%(P0.05),复杂部分性发作频率减少38.9%(P0.05),部分性发作继发全面性发作频率减少42.9%(P0.05)。81例患者中39例患者于加量过程中出现轻至中度不良反应,都能得到缓解。奥卡西平添加治疗12个月的保留率为84.4%。结论奥卡西平添加治疗成人难治性癫痫部分性发作疗效好,安全性高,患者耐受好。     

奥卡西平单药治疗小儿部分性癫发作27例疗效观察

目的:探讨奥卡西平对部分性癫发作的疗效安全性。方法:选择部分性癫患儿27例应用奥卡西平单药治疗,进行自身对照,观察6个月。结果:所有病例完全控制无发作及显效18例占66.7%(其中完全控制无发作16例占59.2%),好转8例占29.6%,有效率(完全控制+显效+有效)占96.3%:无效1例占3.7%:加重0例。结论:奥卡西平单药治疗对部分性癫的疗效与金标准卡马西平一致,疗效好。奥卡西平与卡马西平比,不良反应少、安全,依从性好。     

奥卡西平治疗儿童部分发作性癫80例临床分析

目的观察国产奥卡西平(OXC)治疗儿童部分发作性癫的疗效、安全性和耐受性。方法用国产奥卡西平单药治疗80例部分发作性癫患儿,分析治疗后1、2、3、6、9、12个月的疗效和不良反应。奥卡西平起始剂量5~10 mg/(kg·d),最大剂量30~40 mg/(kg.d),维持剂量中位值20 mg/(kg·d),bid。结果本组总有效率为87.50%,服药12个月时累积控制率为73.75%,有5例因严重不良反应而调用其他药物,余75例均能耐受。结论国产奥卡西平为治疗儿童部分性发作性癫相对理想的药物选择。     

奥卡西平治疗首发躁狂发作的对照研究

目的比较奥卡西平治疗躁狂发作的疗效和不良反应。方法将符合CCMD-3中情感性障碍躁狂发作诊断标准的48例病人随机分为奥卡西平组（24例）和碳酸锂组（24例）,共治疗4周。使用躁狂量表（BRMS）和临床疗效总评量表（CGI）评定疗效,治疗时出现的症状量表（TESS）及有关实验室检查评定不良反应。结果两组治疗4周后BRMS总分减分率显著低于疗前（P〈0.01）,说明奥卡西平治疗躁狂发作有效,且疗效与碳酸锂相近,但不良反应较碳酸锂持续时间短,病人易耐受。结论奥卡西平可作为治疗躁狂发作的首选药物。     

奥卡西平联合西比灵治疗晚发性难治性癫痫的临床研究

目的 观察和评价奥卡西平联合西比灵治疗难治性癫痫的疗效.方法 对30例晚发性难治性癫痫患者予奥卡西平联合西比灵治疗,以同期30例患者单用奥卡西平治疗作为对照,随访1年.结果 验组总有效率56.7%,2例出现嗜睡、头晕、恶心、呕吐和疲劳等不良反应;对照组总有效率为46.7%,4例出现嗜睡、头晕、恶心、呕吐等不良反应.结论 奥卡西平联合西比灵治疗晚发性难治性癫痫比单用奥卡西平治疗疗效较好,不良反应未见增加.     

加巴喷丁拉莫三嗪奥卡西平联合治疗癫痫的疗效观察

<正>癫痫(epilepsy,EP)是神经科常见的慢性临床综合征,困扰着全世界约1%的人群,其在临床上可表现为运动、感觉、意识、自主神经、精神等不同障碍,但其发病机制都是反复发作大脑神经元异常放电,而长期、频繁或严重的痫性发作会进一步致脑损伤,甚至可发展为持久性神经精神障碍[1-3]。近年来,随着动态脑电图的开展,痫性发作的漏诊率     

Aggravation of seizures and/or EEG features in children treated with oxcarbazepine monotherapy

PURPOSE: Exacerbation of epilepsy may occur following initiation of therapy with antiepileptic drugs (AEDs). The aim of this study is to analyze the clinical and EEG characteristics of a group of pediatric patients with worsening of seizures and/or EEG deterioration while on oxcarbazepine (OXC). METHODS: A retrospective analysis of a clinical database was performed to identify patients with epilepsy treated with OXC over the past 3 years. History, neurological examination, and EEG findings were reviewed to identify any who had developed exacerbation of seizures or new abnormalities on EEG. RESULTS: Of 290 patients on OXC, we identified 12 patients with new onset seizures, all with initial normal neurological exam and normal EEG, who developed either worsening of preexisting seizures, new seizure types, and/or EEG deterioration following introduction of OXC monotherapy. EEG changes were primarily characterized by new onset of generalized epileptiform activity not reported on the initial baseline EEG. Following substitution of OXC with a broad spectrum AED, significant improvement of seizure control and improvement in the EEG was observed. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that OXC can aggravate seizures and/or worsen EEG features in children. Following initiation of therapy with OXC, monitoring of patients with follow-up EEGs may be important, especially in patients who do not show adequate response to therapy.     

Efficacy and safety of levetiracetam in children with partial seizures: an open-label trial

PURPOSE: To assess the efficacy and safety of levetiracetam (LEV) as adjunctive therapy in children with treatment-resistant partial-onset seizures. METHODS: Children (aged 6-12 years) with treatment-resistant partial-onset seizures receiving one standard antiepileptic drug (AED) were eligible. After a 4-week baseline period, children received LEV in a 6-week titration phase (target dose, 40 mg/kg/day) followed by an 8-week evaluation phase. Seizure frequency during the evaluation period with individualized LEV doses (20-40 mg/kg/day) were compared with the 4-week baseline seizure frequency. Plasma concentrations of LEV and other AEDs were determined to evaluate potential drug interactions. RESULTS: Twenty-four subjects enrolled and received LEV; 23 entered the evaluation phase, and 22 completed the evaluation phase. Compared with their baseline seizure frequency, 12 (52%) of 23 subjects entering the evaluation phase had their seizure frequency decrease by >50%. Two subjects remained seizure free during the entire evaluation period. LEV did not significantly affect plasma concentrations of any concomitant AED during this study, and no alteration of mean clinical laboratory values was observed. The most commonly reported adverse events were headache, infection, anorexia, and somnolence. CONCLUSIONS: This open-label study of adjunctive LEV therapy (at 20-40 mg/kg/day) suggests that LEV is effective, safe, and well tolerated in children ages 6-12 years with treatment-resistant partial-onset seizures. A randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial of LEV adjunctive therapy in children with treatment-resistant partial-onset seizures is needed and ongoing to confirm these open-label findings.     

The cognitive effects of oxcarbazepine versus carbamazepine or valproate in newly diagnosed children with partial seizures

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of oxcarbazepine against standard antiepileptic drug therapy (carbamazepine and valproate) on cognitive function in children and adolescents (aged 6 to <17 years) with newly diagnosed partial seizures. METHODS: A multicentre, open-label, randomised, active-control, three-arm, parallel-group, 6-month study. The primary cognitive variable, the Computerized Visual Searching Task (CVST), assessed mental information processing speed and attention. Secondary variables included additional tests assessing psychomotor speed, alertness, memory and learning, and non-verbal intelligence. RESULTS: Of 112 patients randomised, 99 completed the study. The dropout rate was 11.6%; 13 patients discontinued due to adverse events (n=5) or unsatisfactory therapeutic effect (n=8). Mean CVST time decreased in all groups, indicating an improvement of mental processing speed and no cognitive impairment in any treatment group. No statistically significant difference was observed between oxcarbazepine and combined carbamazepine/valproate. Analysis of secondary variables did not show statistically significant differences between oxcarbazepine, carbamazepine and valproate. Analysis of intelligence test results showed that the number of correct answers increased at end point in all groups. The percentage of patients remaining seizure free throughout treatment was comparable across all groups (oxcarbazepine 58%; carbamazepine 46%; valproate 54%; carbamazepine/valproate 50%). The most common adverse events were fatigue and headache for oxcarbazepine, fatigue and rash for carbamazepine, and headache, increased appetite and alopecia for valproate. CONCLUSION: Oxcarbazepine treatment over 6 months does not display any differential effects on cognitive function and intelligence in children and adolescents with newly diagnosed partial seizures relative to standard antiepileptic drug therapy. No impairment in cognitive function was observed in any treatment group over a 6-month period.     

Rapid onset of seizure suppression with pregabalin adjunctive treatment in patients with partial seizures

Purpose:  To determine the time at which pregabalin demonstrates seizure-suppressing activity when given as adjunctive treatment to patients with refractory partial seizures.
Methods:  Data from four similar 12-week, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group trials in patients with refractory partial seizures were pooled to provide an adequate sample to compare the proportion of patients free of seizures on each study day between pregabalin (combined 150–600 mg/day groups) and placebo (combined groups). A generalized estimating equation (GEE) statistical model was used to perform pairwise comparisons on each study day. In several pregabalin dosage groups the dosage was escalated during days 1–7, whereas in others pregabalin was initiated at a fixed dosage without escalation.
Results:  The proportion of patients free of seizures on any treatment day was greater in the combined pregabalin groups compared with baseline. Differences were not observed between the placebo group and baseline. A significantly greater proportion of patients were free of seizures in the combined pregabalin 150–600 mg/day and the pregabalin 600 mg/day fixed-dosage groups compared with the placebo groups from treatment day 2 onward (p < 0.05). From day 8 (coinciding with completion of the 1-week dosage-escalation period in two studies) onward, the proportion of patients free of seizures per day in the pregabalin groups remained relatively constant.
Discussion:  This exploratory analysis of a refractory population using a rigorous endpoint demonstrates that pregabalin rapidly reduced the frequency of partial seizures. At the dosing schemes most commonly used in placebo-controlled trials, significant seizure-suppressing activity was observed after only 2 days of treatment.     

Surgical treatment of late-onset post-traumatic partial seizures in a child

Introduction Although post-traumatic epilepsy accounts for a small number of epileptic patients, it should not be underestimated since it primarily affects children and young adults and can result in psychosocial disability and death.Case report We present the case of a 14-year-old girl referred to us because of refractory partial seizures. The patient had experienced a head trauma at the age of 6 months requiring surgical treatment due to a large right fronto-temporo-parietal extradural hematoma. She was discharged on phenytoin prophylactically. At the age of 4 she had her first partial seizure, characterized by left arm and leg tonic-clonic movements. Her physical examination revealed a subtle left brachiocrural hemiparesis and developmental delay. Several antiepileptic drugs were tried and seizure control was not achieved. They were occurring 8–10 times per day. The proposed surgical treatment was based on the consistent seizure semiology and on the affected area as identified by MRI and visible macroscopically to the neurosurgeon. At 9 years follow-up the patient is seizure free. Her motor skills are adequate for living a normal life.Conclusion We emphasize that selected patients may benefit from surgical treatment when epilepsy results from a trauma.     

Adjunctive levetiracetam in infants and young children with refractory partial-onset seizures

Purpose:   To evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of adjunctive levetiracetam in very young children (aged 1 month to <4 years) with partial-onset seizures inadequately controlled with one or two antiepileptic drugs.
Methods:   This multicenter, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study consisted of a 48-h inpatient baseline video-EEG (electroencephalography) and a 5-day inpatient treatment period (1-day up-titration; 48-h evaluation video-EEG in the last 2 days). Children who experienced at least two partial-onset seizures during the 48-h baseline video-EEG were randomized to either levetiracetam [40 mg/kg/day (age 1 to <6 months); 50 mg/kg/day (age ≥6 months to <4 years] or placebo.
Results:   Of 175 patients screened, 116 patients were randomized [60 levetiracetam; 56 placebo; intent-to-treat (ITT) population], and 111 completed the study. The responder rate in average daily partial-onset seizures frequency (48-h video-EEG monitoring; primary efficacy variable) was 43.1% for levetiracetam [modified ITT (mITT) = 58] versus 19.6% for placebo (mITT = 51; p=0.013), with odds ratio for response 3.11 [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.22–8.26]. The median percent reduction from baseline in average daily partial-onset seizure frequency was 43.6% for levetiracetam and 7.1% for placebo with a median difference between treatment groups of 39.2% (95% CI, 17.5–62.2; p   <   0.001). In general, levetiracetam was well tolerated. Treatment-emergent adverse events were reported by 55.0% levetiracetam- and 44.6% placebo-treated patients (ITT population). The most frequently reported adverse events were somnolence (13.3% levetiracetam, 1.8% placebo) and irritability (11.7% levetiracetam, 0% placebo).
Discussion:   Adjunctive levetiracetam is an efficacious and well-tolerated treatment for partial-onset seizures in infants and young children.     

奥卡西平治疗癫(癎)的临床研究

目的观察奥卡西平(OXC)治疗癫癎的疗效、耐受性和安全性。方法294例患者,120例加用OXC治疗,174例单用OXC治疗。通过逐步加量的方法达到目标剂量。结果本组总有效率为86.05%,完全控制为39.8%;其中单药治疗组控制率45.98%,总有效率为89.08%,添加治疗组控制率为30.83%,总有效率为81.67%。单药治疗组不良反应总发生率为15.52%,添加组不良反应发生率为26.67%,2组比较,添加治疗组出现的反应相对多于单药治疗组。结论奥卡西平治疗癫癎有效、安全、稳定。