不同机械通气方式治疗胎粪吸入综合征的随机对照研究

目的　比较不同机械通气方式对胎粪吸入综合征（MAS）患儿的治疗作用及并发症的发生。方法　河北省儿童医院新生儿科重症监护室2006年7月至2008年7月收治的84例氧合指数（OI） ≥ 15的重症胎粪吸入综合征患儿随机分为3组：A组25例患儿采用高频振荡 （HFOV）模式治疗;B组29例患儿采用同步间歇正压联合容量保证 （SIPPV+VG）模式治疗;C组30例采用间歇指令通气（IMV）模式治疗。比较3组治疗前后各时间点OI、动脉/肺泡氧分压比值（a/APO2）的变化,并对3组患儿的氧暴露时间、机械通气时间,以及肺气漏、呼吸机相关性肺炎、Ⅲ度以上颅内出血等并发症的发生率进行比较。结果　A组与B组在机械通气24 h后OI和a/APO2值均与0 h差异有统计学意义（P < 0.05）,而C组直到72 h方与0 h时差异有统计学意义（P < 0.05）。A组与B组各时间点相比差异均无统计学意义。A组与B组相比,氧暴露时间和上呼吸机时间均无统计学差异（P > 0.05）,但是A组与C组、B组与C组相比在统计学上差异均有统计学意义（P < 0.05）。不仅如此,A组与C组、B组与C组相比,肺气漏与呼吸机相关性肺炎的发生率差异均有统计学意义（P < 0.05）。Ⅲ度以上颅内出血的发生率3组相比差异无统计学意义（P > 0.05）。结论 　HFOV、SIPPV+VG通气模式与IMV比较,可以较快改善MAS的氧合,缩短氧暴露时间和呼吸机使用时间,降低肺气漏和呼吸机相关性肺炎的发生,可作为更有效、更安全的抢救性治疗手段。     

地塞米松治疗高氧肺损伤作用机制探讨

目的　探讨地塞米松治疗高氧肺损伤的作用机制。　方法　支气管肺泡灌洗术获取鼠肺泡巨噬细胞 (alveolar macrophages,AM) ,经贴壁纯化后 ,随机分为 4组 : .高氧组 , .高氧 +脂多糖 (lipopolysacchide,L PS)组 , .高氧 +地塞米松组 , .高氧 +L PS+地塞米松组。每组样本量均为 7只。培养 4 8h后 ,收集培养上清液 ,并检测上清液中白细胞介素 - 8(IL - 8)、过氧化氢 (H2 O2 )的含量和乳酸脱氢酶 (L DH)活性。　结果　 (1)培养 4 8h后 ,高氧组和高氧 +L PS组 IL - 8含量分别为(4 6± 15 ) pg/ml、(14 5± 2 7) pg/ml,高氧 +地塞米松组和高氧 +L PS+地塞米松组 IL - 8含量分别为(2 9± 4 ) pg/m l、(39± 8) pg/ml,IL - 8含量分别较前两组明显降低 (P分别 <0 .0 5 ,0 .0 1) ;(2 )培养 4 8h后 ,高氧组和高氧 +L PS组 H2 O2 含量分别为 (2 .2 9± 0 .2 9) U /ml、(18.81± 15 .4 3) U /ml,高氧 +地塞米松组和高氧 +L PS+地塞米松组 H2 O2 含量分别为 (4 .0 4± 0 .98) U /ml、(35 .83± 6 .5 9) U /m l,H2 O2的释放分别较前两组明显增加 (P分别 <0 .0 1,0 .0 5 )。　结论　地塞米松抑制体外高氧培养的 AM分泌 IL - 8并增加其 H2 O2 的释放 ,该作用可能为地塞米松在高氧肺损伤中发挥治疗作用的机制之一。     

静脉注射不同剂量丙种球蛋白治疗重症新生儿ABO溶血病48例疗效观察

目的　比较静脉注射丙种球蛋白 (IVIG)大剂量 (1g/kg)与小剂量 [40 0 m g/(kg· d) ,1～ 3d]治疗重症新生儿 ABO溶血病的疗效。　方法　足月新生儿重症 ABO溶血病在常规光疗基础上加用 IVIG:A组大剂量 2 4例 :B组小剂量 2 4例 ,C组未用 IVIG2 0例为对照组。三组的入院日龄、黄疸出现时间、血清总胆红素 (简称总胆 )浓度均相匹配。比较三组总胆下降的疗效。　结果　生后 1d入院者 A、B、C组各 11、11、8例 ,三组总胆峰值的均值范围相同 ,2 30～ 2 70 μm ol/L(13.5～ 13.9m g/dl) ,治疗后 2 4h A组下降至 2 0 3μmol/L(12 mg/dl) ;B、C组升至 2 85～ 316 μmol/L(17～ 18mg/dl)(P<0 .0 5 ) ,以后 48h下降 ,72 h仍在入院时水平。生后 2 d入院者 ,三组各 5例 ,总胆均值 376～ 40 6μm ol/L(2 2～ 2 4mg/dl) ,A、B组治疗后总胆持续下降 ,72 h降至 2 0 8μm ol/L(12 m g/dl) ,而 C组 2 4h不变 ,以后下降 ,72 h至 2 87μmol/L(17m g/dl,P<0 .0 5 )。生后 3～ 5 d入院者 A、B、C组各 8、8、7例 ,总胆均值 45 8～ 5 33μm ol/L(2 7～ 31m g/dl) ,治疗后三组总胆均持续下降 ,差异无显著性。换血者在A、B组各 2例 ,共 4/4 8例 (8% ) ,C组有 5 /2 0例 (2 5 % ) ,(P<0 .0 5 )。早期和晚期贫血在三组中差异无显著性。     

高频振荡通气联合肺表面活性物质治疗新生儿胎粪吸入综合征的效果

目的 探讨高频振荡通气联合肺表面活性物质( pulmonary surfactant,PS)治疗新生儿胎粪吸入综合征(meconium aspiration syndrome,MAS)的临床疗效.方法 回顾性分析2008年6月至2011年6月本院新生儿重症监护病房收治的53例MAS患儿的临床资料,根据治疗措施不同分为常频通气组23例,高频通气组18例,高频通气+PS组12例.方差分析及卡方检验比较3组通气治疗2、12、24、48 h后肺氧合功能指标和呼吸机参数指标如氧合指数、动脉/肺泡氧分压比值(arterial oxygen/alveolar oxygen ratio,a/ApO2)和吸入氧浓度(inspired oxygen fraction,FiO2)的变化,以及患儿的呼吸机使用时间、住院时间、症状变化及转归情况.结果 3组患儿机械通气前氧合指数、a/ApO2和FiO2差异无统计学意义.机械通气治疗2和48 h后,常频通气组氧合指数分别为(23.79±7.27)和(15.04±4.76)mm Hg;a/ApO2分别为0.11±0.04和0.31±0.07;FiO2分别为0.74±0.16和0.47±0.21.高频通气组氧合指数分别为(21.13±6.29)和(11.73±4.54) mm Hg;a/ApO2分别为0.14±0.06和0.35±0.06;FiO2分别为0.68±0.14和0.41±0.11.高频通气+PS组氧合指数分别为(18.35±5.68)和(7.85±5.06)mm Hg; a/ApO2分别为0.17±0.03和0.40±0.02;FiO2分别为0.59±0.13和0.29±0.16.与常频通气组比较,高频通气组治疗后氧合指数、a/ApO2和FiO2有所好转,高频通气+PS组在时限和程度上比高频通气组好转更明显,差异均有统计学意义(P均＜0.05).常频通气组患儿机械通气时间为(7.2±0.6)d,住院时间为(22.2±4.5)d,氧疗时间为(15.4±2.4)d;高频通气组较之缩短,分别为(4.2±1.4)、(15.6±3.4)和(11.8±5.3)d;高频通气+ PS组最短,分别为(2.9±0.5)、(11.8±4.3)和(7.4±2.2)d,差异均有统计学意义(P均＜0.05).结论 早期高频振荡通气联合PS治疗新生儿MAS的效果好于单纯的常频或高频通气.     

应用硫酸镁治疗胎儿生长迟缓

目的　探讨胎儿生长迟缓 (intrauterinegrowthretardation ,IUGR)孕妇的静脉血与新生儿脐静脉血中镁离子含量的变化及其与新生儿体重的关系。方法　将 39例IUGR孕妇随机分为治疗 1组 14例 ,治疗 2组 14例 ,未治疗组 11例。治疗 1组用 10 %葡萄糖 5 0 0ml 复方丹参液 14ml 低分子右旋糖酐 5 0 0ml静脉滴注 ;治疗 2组除有与治疗 1组相同的处方外 ,再加用 5 %葡萄糖 5 0 0ml 2 5 %硫酸镁 2 0ml静脉滴注 ,并以同期分娩的 12例正常孕妇为对照组。采用全自动生化分析仪 ,测定 4组孕妇的肘静脉血和新生儿脐静脉血中的镁离子含量。结果　治疗 1组孕妇静脉血中镁离子含量[(0 6 9± 0 0 5 )mmol/L]和未治疗组 [(0 6 8± 0 0 2 )mmol/L]比较 ,差异无显著性 (P >0 0 5 ) ,和治疗 2组 [(1 0 6± 0 0 9)mmol/L]比较 ,差异有显著性 (P <0 0 5 ) ,各组新生儿脐血镁离子含量比较 ,差异有极显著性 (P <0 0 1) ,对照组和治疗 2组、未治疗组和治疗 1组比较 ,差异无显著性 (P >0 0 5 ) ,其余各组间比较 ,差异有极显著性 (P <0 0 1) ,各组胎盘重量比较 ,差异有极显著性 (P <0 0 1) ,各组新生儿体重比较 ,差异有显著性 (P <0 0 5 )。结论　镁缺乏是IUGR发生的原因之一 ,中晚期孕妇适量补充镁有预防和治疗IUGR的作用     

异丙酚复合瑞芬太尼应用于单肺通气麻醉的临床研究

目的:探讨异丙酚复合瑞芬太尼联合应用于单肺麻醉时对肺内分流、PaO₂及患者清醒的影响。方法:运用随机数字表法将2009年6月—2011年6月在我院住院治疗需要行肺叶切除的56患者分为异丙酚复合瑞芬太尼静脉全麻组（A组）和静吸复合麻醉组（B组）,观察2组患者的麻醉效果。结果:单肺通气（OLV）开始后,肺内分流率（Qs/Qt）于双肺通气（TLV）时高于麻醉前与TLV 30min时,OLV 30min、60min时Qs/Qt达最高,B组患者在OLV 30min、OLV 60min时,Qs/Qt明显高于A组患者的（P<0.05）;在患者结束麻醉后,A组患者的开眼的时间、出现自主呼吸的时间、拔管的时间均明显短于比B组患者的（P<0.01）。结论:异丙酚复合瑞芬太尼麻醉不但能显著改善患者动脉血氧和减少肺内分流,而且能让患者清醒时间缩短。     

Ⅲ度羊水胎粪污染新生儿74例脑组织氧饱和度研究

目的探讨Ⅲ度羊水胎粪污染与新生儿脑组织氧饱和度的关系及影响新生儿脑组织氧饱和度的围生因素。方法将2004年1月至2005年3月在暨南大学第二临床学院妇产科分娩的Ⅲ度羊水胎粪污染的足月新生儿,根据胎粪吸入综合征(MAS)诊断标准分为MAS组和无MAS组,羊水清的足月新生儿为对照组,在新生儿出生后2～8h,第2、3、5、7天测量脑组织氧饱和度。结果MAS组新生儿出生后2～8h,第2、3、5、7天脑组织氧饱和度与无MAS组、对照组比较明显降低,差异有极显著性意义(P<0.01),无MAS组新生儿在第2、3天脑组织氧饱和度与对照组比较明显降低,差异有极显著性意义(P<0.01)。顺产组新生儿出生后2～8h脑组织氧饱和度比剖宫产组低,差异有极显著性意义(P<0.01),在第2、3、5、7天比较差异则无显著性意义(P>0.05)。新生儿出生后脑组织氧饱和度持续异常的围生因素有:绒毛膜羊膜炎合并Ⅲ度羊水胎粪污染及Ⅲ度羊水胎粪污染伴随新生儿窒息。结论MAS组新生儿脑组织氧饱和度受到影响并发生脑损伤。Ⅲ度羊水胎粪污染应立即结束分娩。绒毛膜羊膜炎出现Ⅲ度羊水胎粪污染及Ⅲ度羊水胎粪污染伴随新生儿窒息可导致严重的围生期脑损伤。     

熊去氧胆酸对肝内胆汁淤积孕鼠肝组织中谷胱甘肽、脂质流动性及雌、孕激素受体的影响

目的　探讨熊去氧胆酸对肝内胆汁淤积孕鼠肝组织中谷胱甘肽含量、肝细胞膜脂质流动性以及肝细胞雌、孕激素受体的影响。方法　选择清洁级妊娠SD大鼠 6 0只 ,随机分成 3组 ,每组2 0只 :(1)自妊娠第 13天起 ,正常组孕鼠开始每天皮下注射精制植物油 2 5ml/kg ;对照组和治疗组孕鼠每天皮下注射孕酮 75mg/kg体重和 17 α 乙炔雌二醇 1 2 5mg/kg体重 ,直至孕第 17天。 (2 )自孕第17天起 ,正常组及对照组孕鼠每天行生理盐水 5ml/kg体重灌胃 ;治疗组孕鼠每天行熊去氧胆酸 5 0mg/kg体重灌胃。 (3) 3组孕鼠均于孕第 2 1天处死 ,提取肝组织 ,应用 5 ,5′ 二硫代双直接法测定肝组织中谷胱甘肽含量 ;应用 1,6 二苯已三烯荧光标记法测定肝细胞膜脂质流动性 [以偏振度 (P)的比值表示 ];应用流式细胞技术测定肝细胞雌、孕激素受体 (以平均荧光强度表示 )。结果　 (1)肝组织中谷胱甘肽含量及肝细胞膜脂质流动性比值 :正常组孕鼠分别为 (2 11± 0 0 7)mmol/g蛋白及 0 132±0 0 0 4 ;对照组孕鼠分别为 (1 13± 0 0 3)mmol/g蛋白及 0 14 9± 0 0 0 8;治疗组孕鼠分别为 (1 82± 0 0 4 )mmol/g蛋白及 0 14 1± 0 0 0 6。肝组织中谷胱甘肽含量 ,对照组明显低于正常组 (P <0 0 5 ) ,治疗组高于对照组 ;肝细胞膜脂质     

保守性手术联合长效醋酸甲羟孕酮治疗中重度子宫内膜异位症的临床观察

目的　探讨长效醋酸甲羟孕酮 (DMPA)用于中重度子宫内膜异位症患者保守性手术后巩固治疗的临床效果及副反应。方法　将资料完整的中重度子宫内膜异位症行保守性手术治疗的患者 94例 ,分为DMPA组、促性腺激素释放激素激动剂 (GnRH a)组及对照组。DMPA组 34例 ,术后月经来潮 5d内 ,深部肌内注射DMPA 15 0mg ,2 8～ 30d注射 1次 ,共 6次 ;GnRH a组 30例 ,术后月经来潮 5d内 ,皮下注射亮丙瑞林 3 75mg ,2 8～ 30d注射 1次 ,共 6次 ;对照组 30例 ,术后未用药物治疗。观察治疗前后患者疼痛症状和体征的临床缓解情况、月经变化、体重改变、肝肾功能及性激素水平变化。结果　DMPA组及GnRH a组患者疼痛症状和体征完全缓解率分别为 88%及 93% ,显著高于对照组的 5 3% ,差异有统计学意义 (χ2 =12 2 73,P <0 0 1;χ2 =9 6 0 4 ,P <0 0 1) ,DMPA组及GnRH a组患者累积复发率分别为 6 %及 7% ,显著低于对照组的 2 7% (χ2 =5 2 2 2 ,P <0 0 5 ;χ2 =4 32 0 ,P <0 0 5 ) ,而DMPA组与GnRH a组比较 ,差异无统计学意义 (χ2 =0 4 88,P >0 0 5 ;χ2 =0 0 17,P >0 0 5 )。DMPA组用药前雌二醇水平为 (2 0 0± 15 ) pmol/L ,用药后雌二醇水平显著下降至(12 0± 9) pmol/L ,但仍维持在卵泡早期水平。GnRH a组用药前     

黄芪对新生儿脐血Th1/Th2功能平衡的影响

目的　观察新生儿脐血单个核细胞 (CBMC) Th1/Th2的功能状态及黄芪 (AM)对新生儿 CBMC Th1/Th2功能平衡的影响。　方法　对 2 4例足月新生儿 CBMC体外分别经植物血凝素(PHA- P)和 PHA- P+AM刺激 (分为新生儿 PHA组和 AM组各 2 4例 ) ,培养 4 8h,用 EL ISA法检测培养上清液中白细胞介素 4 (IL - 4 )和γ干扰素 (IFN -γ)含量。以 15例正常儿童外周血单个核细胞(PBMC)为对照 (分为儿童 PHA组和 AM组各 15例 )。　结果　新生儿 PHA组 IFN-γ、IL - 4水平显著低于儿童 PHA组 (P均 <0 .0 1) ,IFN -γ/IL - 4比值也明显低于儿童 PHA组 (P<0 .0 5 ) ,与儿童比较呈现低水平的 Th2相对优势状态。新生儿 AM组 IFN -γ、IL - 4水平显著高于新生儿 PHA组 (P均 <0 .0 1) ,其中以 IFN-γ变化明显 ,IFN-γ/IL - 4比值明显高于 PHA组 (P<0 .0 5 )。儿童 AM组 IFN-γ水平较儿童 PHA组明显增高 (P<0 .0 1) ,IL - 4水平较 PHA组无明显变化 (P>0 .0 5 )。新生儿 AM组IFN-γ和 IL - 4水平明显高于儿童 PHA组 (P均 <0 .0 1) ,IFN-γ/IL - 4比值明显高于儿童 PHA组(P<0 .0 5 )。新生儿 AM组 IL - 4水平明显高于儿童 AM组 (P<0 .0 5 ) ,两组 IFN-γ水平差异无显著性(P>0 .0 5 ) ,IFN-γ/IL - 4比值明显低于儿童 AM组 (P<0 .0 1)     

Effects of magnesium sulfate in a newborn piglet meconium aspiration model.

OBJECTIVE: To examine the hemodynamic effects of magnesium sulfate (MgSO4) in a neonatal model of meconium aspiration syndrome. DESIGN: A prospective animal study. PATIENTS AND PARTICIPANTS: Eight anesthetized neonatal piglets. METHODS: Animals were instrumented under fentanyl anesthesia for the determination of pulmonary and systemic blood pressures and cardiac index. A model of meconium aspiration was produced by instilling 6 to 7 ml of 20% fresh human meconium in normal saline down the endotracheal tube, resulting in hypoxemia (mean arterial O2 saturation 73 SD, 10%), respiratory acidosis (mean pH 7.08, SD 0.04; PaCO2 89, SD 2 torr), and pulmonary arterial hypertension (mean pulmonary artery pressure 52 SD, 5 mm Hg). A total of four aliquots of MgSO4 (25 mg/kg equivalent to 0.1 mM/kg of magnesium) were administered intravenously to five animals (total of 100 mg/kg MgSO4). Three animals served as controls and did not receive MgSO4. RESULTS: Each dose of MgSO4 was associated with a transient decrease in heart rate, cardiac index, pulmonary and systemic arterial pressures, and SaO2, followed by a partial gradual recovery of all these variables within 2 to 3 minutes. According to measurements taken after MgSO4 therapy, there was a significant decrease in arterial saturations (from 73 SD (10%) to 63 SD (13%); p < 0.05), mean systemic blood pressure (from 77 SD (16 mm Hg) to 74 SD (15 mm Hg); p < 0.05) and pulmonary artery pressure (to 52 SD (5 mm Hg); p < 0.05). The ratio between pulmonary and systemic vascular resistance was not significantly affected by MgSO4 therapy. There were no changes in the control animals. CONCLUSION: The administration of magnesium sulfate is associated with increased hypoxemia in this model of meconium aspiration syndrome, probably because of worsening ventilation perfusion mismatch. These data do not provide any physiological support for the use of MgSO4 in the neonate with meconium aspiration and pulmonary hypertension and suggest that this agent should be used cautiously, if at all, in such situations.     

Intratracheal albumin reduces interleukin-8 in tracheobronchial aspirates in piglets after meconium aspiration

Meconium aspiration induces pulmonary inflammation and reduces surfactant function. We hypothesized that albumin mixed with meconium attenuates pulmonary inflammation and improves surfactant function after meconium aspiration. We measured the concentration of free fatty acids (FFA) in the meconium (110 mg dry weight/mL) and added albumin to provide a molar FFA:albumin ratio of 1:1. Newborn piglets, 0-2 day of age, artificially ventilated and exposed to hypoxemia by ventilation with 8% O2, were randomized to group A receiving meconium (n = 12), or group B receiving meconium + albumin (n = 12), 3 ml/kg intratracheally. The animals were reoxygenated for 8 h. Reoxygenation was started when mean arterial blood pressure was < 20 mm Hg or base excess was < -20 mmol/L. During 8 h of reoxygenation the interleukin-8 concentrations in tracheobronchial aspirates increased 5-fold more in the meconium vs. the meconium + albumin groups (93 +/- 56 vs. 18 +/- 4 pg/mL, p < 0.005). There were no differences between the groups for tumor necrosis factor alpha in tracheobronchial aspirates, recruitment of inflammatory cells in the airspaces or surfactant function in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. In conclusion, albumin significantly decreased interleukin-8 concentrations in tracheobronchial aspirates after meconium aspiration.     

Endothelin-A receptor antagonist prevents neonatal pulmonary hypertension in meconium aspiration in piglets.

In order to test the hypothesis that endothelin-1 (ET-1) directly contributes to the pathophysiology of pulmonary hypertension induced by meconium aspiration, we randomized 12 anesthetized and paralyzed piglets to receive BQ-123, a selective endothelin-A receptor antagonist (BQ group), or normal saline (NS group) after meconium aspiration. The animals were instilled with meconium mixture (3 mL/kg) via an endotracheal tube, and then given intravenous BQ-123 (2 mg/hr) or normal saline. Plasma ET-1 concentrations, arterial blood gases, and hemodynamics were measured at baseline and at 60, 120, 180, and 240 minutes after instillation. The results showed that plasma ET-1 concentrations were similar in both groups. However, in the BQ group, pulmonary artery pressure was significantly lower after 120 minutes (p < 0.05 at 120 min, p < 0.01 at 180 and 240 min) and pulmonary vascular resistance was significantly lower after 180 minutes (p < 0.01) than in the NS group. No significant difference was found in systemic hemodynamics. These data suggest that ET-1 directly contributes to the pathophysiology of pulmonary hypertension induced by meconium aspiration.     

Does the intravenous infusion of ritodrine or magnesium sulfate alter the hemodynamic response to hemorrhage in gravid ewes?

The purpose of this study was to determine whether the intravenous infusion of ritodrine or magnesium sulfate alters the hemodynamic response to maternal hemorrhage in gravid ewes. Twenty-seven experiments were performed in 12 chronically instrumented animals at 0.8 of timed gestation. Each animal was subjected to hemorrhage (20 ml/kg over 60 minutes) during infusion of ritodrine (0.004 mg/kg/min), magnesium sulfate (4 gm/hour), or saline solution control. Infusion of magnesium sulfate increased the mean (+/- SEM) maternal serum magnesium concentration to 4.8 +/- 0.2 mg/dl before hemorrhage and 5.3 +/- 0.3 mg/dl after hemorrhage. At the end of hemorrhage maternal mean arterial pressures were 63% +/- 4%, 82% +/- 2%, and 79% +/- 6% of baseline in the magnesium sulfate, ritodrine, and control groups, respectively. The maternal mean arterial pressure response in the magnesium sulfate group differed significantly from the maternal mean arterial pressure responses in the ritodrine and control groups (p less than 0.01). Fetal pH was decreased significantly only in the magnesium sulfate group (p = 0.0001). Fetal PO2 was decreased significantly in the magnesium sulfate and ritodrine groups (p less than 0.001) but not in the control group. We conclude that magnesium sulfate but not ritodrine, worsened the maternal hypotensive response to hemorrhage in gravid ewes.     

硝酸甘油治疗临产后中、重度妊高征的临床观察

目的　比较一氧化氮 (NO)供体硝酸甘油与硫酸镁治疗临产后中重度妊高征的作用。　方法通过监测两组患者用药前后的血压、产程及母儿结局等指标来评价两者的治疗效果。结果　硝酸甘油治疗组降压效果比硫酸镁组迅速、确切 ,产程缩短 ;治疗组胎儿宫内窘迫发生率、新生儿窒息率及产后出血发生率均低于对照组 ,差异有显著意义 (P <0 0 1 )。结论　硝酸甘油在治疗临产后中、重度妊高征既能迅速降压又不抑制子宫收缩 ,对胎儿无不良影响 ,亦不增加产后出血发生率 ,且能减少产科并发症的发生。用于治疗妊高征是安全有效的 ,为妊高征的治疗开辟了一条新的途径     

Surfactant lavage and replacement in meconium aspiration syndrome with pulmonary hemorrhage

We reported two case studies of meconium aspiration syndrome (MAS) with pulmonary hemorrhage in which we applied surfactant lavage and replacement. Surfactant lavage and replacement of MAS with pulmonary hemorrhage appears to be effective and safe adjunctive therapy. The relatively small replacement doses of surfactant required may be attributed to surfactant lavage followed by surfactant replacement. We suggest that surfactant lavage and replacement of MAS with pulmonary hemorrhage should be further investigated by a randomized controlled trial.     

Treatment of severe meconium aspiration syndrome with dilute surfactant lavage.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Despite the development of new adjuvant therapies, meconium aspiration syndrome (MAS) remains a serious respiratory disorder in neonates. Surfactant inactivation by meconium can be overcome by use of exogenous surfactant. This study sought to assess the efficacy and safety of dilute surfactant lavage at 2 different concentrations to treat severe MAS. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the charts of all term infants with a diagnosis of MAS who had an oxygenation index (OI) > 20 during a 2-year period. Tracheobronchial lavage was performed with a dilute surfactant suspension (5 mg/mL or 10 mg/mL) to reach a total dose of 60 to 70 mg/kg of phospholipid, administered in aliquots of 2 mL. RESULTS: The records of 22 patients were reviewed, of whom 12 had undergone lavage. These patients were subdivided into low-concentration (surfactant concentration, 5 mg/mL; n = 6) and high-concentration (surfactant concentration, 10 mg/mL; n = 6) subgroups. There were no significant differences in demographic characteristics between these 2 subgroups. The lavaged infants had a significantly higher arterial partial pressure of oxygen (PaO(2)) 24 hours after lavage than the infants without lavage (178.3 mm Hg vs 80.6 mm Hg, p < 0.05). The incidence of pneumothorax (1/12 vs 7/10, p < 0.05) and requirement for inhaled nitric oxide (5/12 vs 9/10, p < 0.05) were significantly lower in the lavaged group. All infants tolerated the procedure well except for 2 with transient complications. There were no significant differences in duration of lavage, response and complications between subgroups lavaged at low and high surfactant concentration. CONCLUSIONS: Early lavage with dilute surfactant solution at a phospholipid concentration of either 5 mg/mL or 10 mg/mL is effective for the treatment of severe MAS. Further large-scale, prospective, randomized, controlled trials are necessary to establish the optimal dose, concentration, surfactant product, and instillation method of this treatment before it can be recommended for routine use.     

Does indomethacin alter the hemodynamic response to magnesium sulfate infusion and hemorrhage in gravid ewes?

The purpose of this study was to determine whether indomethacin alters the maternal and fetal hemodynamic response to magnesium sulfate (MgSO4) infusion and hemorrhage in gravid ewes. We studied seven chronically instrumented animals between 0.8 and 0.9 of timed gestation. The experimental sequence included: 1) at time 0, indomethacin, 2 mg/kg, or vehicle only intravenously (IV) over 5 minutes; 2) at 60 minutes, MgSO4 4 g IV over 5 minutes; 3) at 65 minutes, MgSO4 infusion at 4 g/hour; 4) at 150 minutes, maternal hemorrhage, 20 mL/kg, over 60 minutes; and 5) at 215 minutes, reinfusion of maternal blood over 60 minutes. Each animal was studied with and without indomethacin. Indomethacin, but not vehicle only, transiently increased maternal and fetal mean arterial pressure (MAP), decreased maternal and fetal heart rate, and decreased maternal cardiac output. Magnesium sulfate significantly decreased uterine vascular resistance and increased uterine blood flow both with and without indomethacin. Hemorrhage significantly decreased maternal MAP, heart rate, cardiac output, and uterine blood flow in both groups. The magnitude of each change was similar between the groups. For example, at the end of hemorrhage, maternal MAP was 36 +/- 7% below baseline (P = .0001) with indomethacin and 41 +/- 2% below baseline (P = .0001) in the vehicle-only group (P = not significant between groups). Hemorrhage significantly decreased fetal heart rate, pH, and PO2, and increased fetal MAP and PCO2 in both groups. We conclude that indomethacin did not alter the maternal or fetal hemodynamic response to MgSO4 infusion and hemorrhage in gravid ewes.     

Increasing amniotic fluid magnesium concentrations with stable maternal serum levels: a prospective clinical trial

OBJECTIVE: To compare the effect of prolonged maternal intravenous MgSO4 administration on amniotic fluid and serum concentrations of magnesium over time in preterm labor patients. STUDY DESIGN: Patients at 24-34 weeks of singleton gestation who presented with contractions (> 8 in 60 minutes) underwent amniocentesis to rule out intrauterine infection after signing an informed consent form. Some of these women who were clinically judged to have preterm labor received intravenous MgSO4: a 4-g loading dose followed by a 2 g/h maintenance dose. For technical reasons some patients had amniocentesis performed before initiation of MgSO4 (controls), while others had the procedure during tocolytic therapy (study subjects). Duration of treatment until amniocentesis was recorded, and blood samples were drawn at the time of amniocentesis. Maternal serum and amniotic fluid magnesium levels were measured using a colorimetric end point method. Data were evaluated using the Student t test and linear regression analysis. RESULTS: Mean magnesium levels in maternal serum rose from 1.74 +/- 0.2 mg/dL in controls to 4.01 +/- 0.4 mg/dL in the study group. Mean magnesium levels in Mean magnesium levels in amniotic fluid were 1.41 +/- 0.18 mg/dL in the controls versus 2.28 +/- 0.53 mg/dL in the treatment group. Duration of MgSO4 treatment ranged from 3 to 22 hours. Amniotic fluid magnesium concentrations increased significantly during therapy (correlation coefficient = 0.89; p < 0.001), while maternal serum levels remained stable over time (correlation coefficient between maternal serum levels and time = -0.39; p=0.34). CONCLUSION: Although maternal serum magnesium levels remained stable with intravenous MgSO4 therapy, concentrations continued to rise in amniotic fluid over time. However, amniotic fluid magnesium levels never exceeded maternal serum concentrations during the study period.