肝移植治疗终末期肝病合并门静脉血栓的临床研究

目的 总结分析肝移植中门静脉血栓(PVT)的处理经验以及PVT对肝移植术后疗效的影响.方法 总结1995年5月至2007年9月194例接受肝移植手术的患者的临床资料,其中术前存在PVT 24例(12.4%),Ⅰ级12例、Ⅱ级9例、Ⅲ级2例、Ⅳ级1例.根据血栓程度分级采取不同的方式进行门静脉重建.术后根据凝血酶原时间(PT),应用普通肝素或低分子肝素预防性抗凝.术后应用多普勒超声监测门静脉血供.选取同期接受肝移植手术的无PVT的170例患者作为对照组,比较两组手术过程和预后的差别.结果 21例Ⅰ级、Ⅱ级血栓患者行血栓切除术,2例Ⅲ级血栓患者行髂静脉-肠系膜上静脉搭桥,1例Ⅳ级血栓患者将供肝门静脉和受者粗大的门静脉属支吻合.有PVT组比无PVT组手术时间和住院时间长,输血量多,术后PVT的再发率高(P<0.05),但并发症发生率、围手术期病死率和术后1年生存率两组间无差别(P>0.05).PVT组有2例术后血栓再发,经放射介入治疗治愈.结论 术前PVT的存在增加了肝移植手术的难度和术后PVT的再发率,但对肝移植的预后没有影响.     

术前门静脉血栓对活体肝移植预后的影响

目的 探讨术前门静脉血栓对活体肝移植的影响.方法 回顾性分析天津市第一中心医院2007至2011年完成的99例成人间活体肝移植患者,根据术前是否有门静脉血栓分为2组,血栓组26例,无血栓组73例.比较2组的术前危险因素及门静脉血栓对活体肝移植手术和术后患者预后的影响.结果 26例门静脉血栓患者Ⅰ级血栓23例,Ⅱ级血栓3例.肝移植术前的脾切除是发生门静脉血栓的独立危险因素(x2 =10.211,P=0.001).术前门静脉血栓会延长手术的无肝期(Z=-2.430,P=0.015),但2组患者术后并发症发生率(x2=0.326,P=0.568)及死亡率均无统计学差异,而且对患者的1年生存率和3年生存率均无影响(x2=0.505,P =0.477).结论 对于活体肝移植合并Ⅰ级或Ⅱ级门静脉血栓的患者,通过合理的术中处理及术后预防,门静脉血栓不会影响患者的预后.但门静脉血栓增加了一定的手术难度,需要详尽的术前评估和仔细的术中操作.     

门静脉血栓对终末期肝硬化病人行肝移植手术的影响

目的探讨合并门静脉血栓(portal vein thrombosis,PVT)的终末期肝硬化病人行肝移植手术的处理方法及其疗效。方法回顾性分析2010年1月至2015年12月在中山大学附属第一医院器官移植中心接受肝移植手术的152例终末期肝硬化病人的临床资料。32例合并PVT的病人作为PVT组,其中Ⅰ级10例、Ⅱ级13例、Ⅲ级8例、Ⅳ级1例。其余120例无PVT的病人作为对照组。结果PV/T组术前脾切除史的比例明显高于对照组(46.8%比18.3%,P0.05),差异有统计学意义。PVT组较对照组明显延长无肝期时间[(72.5±25.3)min比(57.6±18.4)min,P0.05]和总手术时间[(622.4±183.5)min比(503.2±123.6)min],差异均有统计学意义。2组病人在术中出血量、ICU住院时间、术后并发症发生率、围手术期病死率、1年及3年生存率的比较上差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。PVT组术后再栓塞率高于对照组(9.4%比1.7%,P0.05)。结论门静脉血栓一定程度上增加了终末期肝硬化病人肝移植手术的难度,Ⅰ~Ⅲ级PVT不影响病人的预后,仍可通过肝移植手术取得良好的疗效。Ⅳ级PVT肝移植手术的难度和风险会明显增加,应谨慎对待。     

肝移植门静脉血栓形成的预防和治疗

目的总结原位肝移植门静脉血栓形成（PVT）的预防和治疗经验，提高肝移植疗效和受者存活率。方法分析1995年5月至2005年9月实施的137例肝移植临床资料，肝移植术前存在门静脉血栓10例，其中Ⅰ级5例，Ⅱ级4例，Ⅲ级1例，肝移植术中均行门静脉血栓切除术，结扎术前存在的门腔分流和粗大的侧支循环。术后根据凝血酶原时间（PT），应用普通肝素或低分子肝素预防性抗凝。术中、术后应用多普勒超声监测门静脉血供。结果137例患者肝移植术后PVT发生率为2．92％（4／137）。1例PVT经外科门静脉取栓、重新吻合治愈，2例经皮肝穿刺门静脉造影置管溶栓、支架植人治愈，另1例仅表现肝功能轻度异常，未经特殊处理。与PVT相关的死亡率为0。其余患者随访2～66个月，未发生PVT。结论肝移植术中完整地切除门静脉存在的血栓、结扎门腔存在的分流以及术后有效的抗凝治疗可以减少PVT的发生；多普勒超声监测能早期发现PVT，挽救移植物的功能，避免再次移植。     

外翻式门静脉血栓切除术在肝移植术中的应用

目的 探讨肝移植术中门静脉血栓切除技术的改进.方法 回顾性分析天津市第一中心医院移植外科收治的合并门静脉血栓(PVT)的198例肝移植患者的临床资料,根据术中PVT的处理方法不同分为两组:A组为常规外翻式门静脉血栓切除术组(n=43),B组为不切断PVT的外翻式门静脉血栓切除术组(n=155).分别比较两组患者术中一般情况、失血量、血栓切除成功率、PVT复发率及患者生存情况等指标.结果 两组手术时间无明显差异(P>0.05).两组Yerdel Ⅰ级及Ⅱ级患者血栓切除成功率均为100%;B组中Yerdel Ⅲ级患者血栓切除成功率较A组高(100%比45.4%;X~2=12.38,P<0.01).B组失血量较A组明显减少[(4315.4±630.5)ml比(3509.2±862.7)ml,P<0.05].B组Yerdel Ⅰ～Ⅱ级PVT患者术后血栓复发率与A组相比差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),而Yerdel Ⅲ级患者术后血栓复发率低于A组(5.6%比2/5;X~2=4.09,P<0.05);两组Yerdel Ⅰ～Ⅲ级PVT患者围手术期病死率均为0,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).两组YerdelⅠ～Ⅲ级PVT患者1年生存率的差异无统计学意义(86.5%比89.O%,P>0.05).结论 不切断PVT的外翻式门静脉血栓切除术可以简化手术操作,减少术中出血量,扩大应用范围,提高血栓切除的成功率,降低术后血栓复发率.     

不同门奇断流术式对门静脉高压症犬血流动力学的影响

目的 观察不同门奇断流术式对肝硬化门静脉高压症犬血流动力学的影响.方法 将肝硬化门静脉高压症模型犬32只,随机分为A(传统断流)组、B(选择性断流)组、C(吻合器断流)组及D(对照)组.于术前1周、术后1、6月测定各组犬的门静脉直径(PVD)、门静脉流速(PVV)和门静脉血流量(PVF),于术中、术后1、6月测定各组犬的自由门静脉压力(FPP).结果 术后1月A、B、C组的PVD、PW、PVF均较术前明显降低(P<0.05),其中A组各项指标(0.54±0.03)cm、(11.45±1.27)cm/min、(160.82±30.85)ml/min显著高于B(0.45±0.01)cm、(8.71±0.48)cm/min、(83.37±9.39)ml/min及C组(0.49±0.02)cm、9.85±0.39)cm/min、(111.21±12.68)ml/min(P<0.05),C组显著高于B组(P<0.05).各组术后6月各指标与术后1月比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).D组手术前后差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).A、B、C组手术后FPP均明显下降(P<0.05),其中A组(2.05±0.07)kPa显著高于B组(1.28±0.05)kPa、C组(1.41±0.04)kPa,C组显著高于B组(P<0.05).术后1、6个月,A、B、C组FPP与手术后比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).D组手术前、手术后、术后1、6个月比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论 肝硬化门静脉高压症犬在行传统断流术、选择性断流术和吻合器断流术术后6个月内PVD、PVV、PVF和FPP均显著下降,其中传统断流术影响最小,选择性贲门周围血管离断术最大.     

门静脉血栓的肝移植术中处理

目的 探讨门静脉血栓(PVT)的肝移植术中外科处理方法及其效果.方法 肝移植患者2508例,共行肝移植2614次,其中253例术前并发PVT.并发PVT者的Yerdel分级为,Ⅰ级者104例,Ⅱ级者114例,Ⅲ级者29例,Ⅳ级者6例.根据具体情况对并发Ⅰ、Ⅱ级PVT者施行静脉血栓切除术、外翻血栓切除术或外翻式门静脉内膜剥脱切除术;并发Ⅲ级PVT者,18例行外翻式门静脉内膜剥脱切除术,11例行外翻血栓切除术;并发Ⅳ级PVT者行外翻式门静脉内膜剥脱切除术.结果 218例并发Ⅰ、Ⅱ级PVT者中,32例行静脉血栓切除术,52例行外翻血栓切除术,134例行外翻式门静脉内膜剥脱切除术,均获得成功.29例并发Ⅲ级PVT者中,18例行外翻式门静脉内膜剥脱切除术,均获得成功;11例行外翻血栓切除术,其中5例获得成功,6例失败.6例并发Ⅳ级PVT者中,3例行外翻式门静脉内膜剥脱切除术,获得成功,3例取栓失败.253例并发PVT者肝移植术后6个月的存活率为93.7%,与同期无PVT的肝移植患者相比较(94.4%),差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论 并发PVT者可接受肝移植,术中应根据PVT的Yerdel分级情况,采取适合的外科处理方式.     

肝移植围手术期门静脉血栓的处理

目的 探讨肝移植围手术期门静脉血栓（PVT）的处理。方法 回顾性分析中国医科大学附属第一医院1995年5月至2008年6月实施的194例肝移植病人临床资料,术前存在PVT 24例,其中Ⅰ级12例,Ⅱ级9例,Ⅲ级2例,Ⅳ级1例。术中采取不同门静脉重建方式,结扎术前存在的门腔分流和粗大的侧支循环。术后根据凝血酶原时间（PT）,应用普通肝素或低分子质量肝素预防性抗凝。术中、术后应用多普勒超声监测门静脉血供。结果 术后PVT发生率2.58%（5/194）。1例PVT经外科门静脉取栓、重新吻合治愈,3例置管溶栓、支架植入治愈,另1例仅表现肝功能轻度异常,未特殊处理。与PVT相关病死率为0。其余病例随访6~ 104个月,未见PVT。结论 理想的门静脉重建方式、结扎门腔存在的分流和术后有效的抗凝可以减少PVT的发生,多普勒超声监测能早期发现PVT,挽救移植物,避免再移植。     

改良脾腔分流联合断流术治疗门静脉高压症的疗效分析

目的 探讨改良近端脾腔静脉分流联合贲门周围血管离断术(分断流联合术)治疗门静脉高压症的疗效及其对门静脉血流动力学和肝储备功能的影响.方法 回顾性分析我院1997-2007年接受分断流联合术治疗的门静脉高压症患者135例和断流术患者120例的临床资料.通过彩色多普勒超声测定门静脉血流量(PVF)及监测术中自由门静脉压(FPP),观察手术前后门静脉系统血流动力学的变化.采用吲哚氰绿排泄实验观察15 min(R_(15))滞留率和肝有效血流量(FHF)的变化.结果 联合组手术死亡率为2.2%,无近期出血病例,远期出血率为5.5%,肝性脑病发生率为6.4%,术后1、3、5、10年生存率分别为96.4%、90.0%、81.3%和62.5%;断流组手术死亡率为4.3%,近期出血率为3.3%,远期出血率为14.1%,肝性脑病发生率为5.4%,1、3、5、10年生存率分别为95.7%、86.7%、75.0%和57.1%.联合组术后FPP、PVF和FHF分别为(32.0 ±1.5)cm H_2O、(880 ±260)ml/min和(430±180)ml/min,较术前均下降(P<0.05).R_(15)为30%±4%,较术前明显增加(P<0.01);断流组术后FPP、PVF和FHF下降(P<0.01),R_(15)增加(P<0.01).与断流组比较,联合组术后FPP下降更为明显(P<0.05),但PVF、FHF和R_(15)之间相比差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论 改良脾腔静脉分流联合断流术的临床疗效满意,血流动力学改变合理,对肝储备功能影响较小,是治疗门静脉高压症的理想术式.     

不同门静脉淤血去除量对肝移植术后内毒素血症及肝功能恢复的影响

目的 探讨肝移植术中不同门静脉淤血去除量对术后内毒素血症及肝功能恢复的影响.方法 将2006年2月至2007年11月收治的47例肝移植患者按术中门静脉淤血去除量的不同分为两组:A组(n=26,门静脉淤血去除50 ml)和B组(n=21,门静脉淤血去除200 ml),检测受者手术前后血清内毒素、D-乳酸、肿瘤坏死因子-α、白细胞介素-6、肝功能及凝血功能的变化情况并进行分析比较.结果 两组在性别、年龄、原发疾病类型、Child-pugh分级、供肝冷缺血时间、手术时间、无肝期时间、手术方式、出血量、输血量及术前各项检测指标无显著差异的条件下,B组术后血清内毒素、D-乳酸、肿瘤坏死因子-α、白细胞介素-6、谷氨酸转氨酶、天冬氨酸转氨酶、凝血酶原时间、部分凝血活酶时间均明显低于A组(P<0.05);前白蛋白明显高于A组(P<0.05).结论 肝移植术中门静脉淤血去除200 ml效果优于50 ml,可以更好地减轻术后内毒血症,并有助于肝功能的恢复.     

Comparative analysis of the results of orthotopic liver transplantation in patients with and without portal vein thrombosis

INTRODUCTION: Portal vein thrombosis (PVT), which had been considered an absolute contraindication to orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT), is currently considered a risk factor that increases morbi-mortality. The objective of this study was to compare OLT outcomes in patients with vs without PVT. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between April 1986 and December 2003, a sample of 83 patients with PVT was compared with another sample of 83 patients without PVT among 962 OLT performed in our department. RESULTS: Both groups were homogeneous in terms of epidemiological variables, surgical technique, immunosuppression, and donor-related variables. There were no differences with respect to graft function during the first week following surgery. Surgical time and anhepatic phase duration was longer in the PVT group, albeit the differences were not significant. PVT patients also required more transfusions; a strong statistical association was observed with respect to blood (P = .12) and plasma (P = .11) transfusions and statistically significant differences regarding platelet transfusions (P = .02). Time on mechanical ventilation and the length of stay in the ICU were longer but not significant among PVT patients. The only statistically significant difference was the incidence of portal rethrombosis (P = .02). With respect to mean and global patient and graft actuarial survivals after 1, 3, 5, and 10 years, we have observed no significant intergroup differences, although both patient (P = .48; NS) and graft (P = .96, NS) survivals were lower among PVT cases. CONCLUSIONS: PVT should not only cease to be considered a contraindication for OLT, but there were no significant differences between the outcomes despite this finding.     

TIPS联合搅拌溶栓治疗肝硬化急性门静脉血栓的临床疗效分析

目的探讨经颈静脉肝内门体分流术(TIPS)联合搅拌溶栓治疗肝硬化急性门静脉血栓的临床疗效。方法回顾性分析2014年1月至2017年12月河南科技大学第一附属医院连续收治的37例肝硬化急性门静脉血栓患者资料,其中男性20例,女性17例,年龄29~71岁。按治疗方案不同分为联合组5二15)与抗凝组5=22)。联合组接受TIPS联合搅拌溶栓以及抗凝药物治疗。抗凝组仅接受抗凝药物治疗。比较两组肝功能、门静脉血流动力学等变化。随访患者术后门静脉通畅、出血以及生存情况等。结果联合组术后门静脉压力和门静脉最大负荷低于术前,门静脉最大血容量和门静脉血流速度髙于术前,差异有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。联合组术后2周、6个月.12个月门静脉最大负荷分别为(13.9±5.4)%、(16.1±5.5)%、(13.8±6.2)%,低于抗凝组的(84.1±31.3)%、(85.9±27.6)%、(88.2±39.5)%,差异有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。联合组术后2周、6个月、12个月门静脉血流速度分别为(21.6±5.7cm/s、(16.1±6.3)cm/s、(17.6±4.9)cm/s,高于抗凝组的(9.7±4.6)cm/s、(8.1±4.3)cm/s、(8.2±3.5)cm/s,差异有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。联合组术后3例患者门静脉血栓复发,其余患者门静脉及分流道血流通畅。抗凝组仅3例门静脉血流通畅。联合组累积无消化道出血率优于抗凝组。联合组累积生存率优于抗凝组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论TIPS联合搅拌溶栓治疗肝硬化急性门静脉血栓的疗效尚可,且优于传统抗凝治疗。     

Thrombosis Confined to the Portal Vein Is Not a Contraindication for Living Donor Liver Transplantation

BACKGROUND: There is a lack of agreement regarding preexisting portal vein thrombosis (PVT) in patients undergoing living donor liver transplantation (LDLT). We report the results of a single-center study to determine the impact of PVT on outcomes of adult LDLT recipients. METHODS: Of 133 cases of adult LDLT performed between January 2000 and December 2004, a thrombectomy was performed on 22 patients (16.5%) with PVT during the transplant procedure. One hundred eleven patients without PVT (group 1) were compared with those with a thrombosis confined to the portal vein (group 2; n = 15) and patients with the thrombosis beyond the portal vein (group 3; n = 7). RESULTS: The sensitivities of Doppler ultrasound and CT in detecting PVT were 50 and 63.6%. A prior history of variceal bleeding (OR = 10.6, p = 0.002) and surgical shunt surgery (OR = 28.1, p = 0.044) were found to be an independent risk factors for PVT. The rate of postoperative PVT was significantly higher in patients with PVT than in those without (18.2 vs. 2.7%; p = 0.014). In particular, the rethrombosis rate in group 3 was 28.6%. The actuarial 3-year patient survival rate in PVT patients (73.6%) was similar to that of the non-PVT patients (85.3%; p = 0.351). However, the actuarial 3-year patient survival rate in group 3 was 38.1%, which was significantly lower than that in groups 1 and 2 (p = 0.006). CONCLUSION: A thrombosis confined to the portal vein per se should not be considered a contraindication for LDLT.     

Eversion Thrombectomy for Portal Vein Thrombosis During Liver Transplantation

Portal vein thrombosis (PVT) has been seen as an obstacle to orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT), but recent data suggest that favorable results may be achieved in this group of patients. The aim of this study was to analyze the incidence, management, and survival of patients with PVT undergoing primary OLT with thrombectomy. Between October 1990 and August 2000, 468 liver transplantations were performed in our center and portal vein thrombosis was present in 38 patients (8.1%). Preoperative diagnosis, extension, intraoperative management, postoperative recurrence of portal vein thrombosis, and 1-year actuarial survival rates were retrospectively studied. Preoperative diagnosis was made in 17 cases (44.7%). In all patients, portal flow was restored after portal vein thrombectomy, followed by usual end-to-end portal anastomosis. All patients received preventive low-weight heparin from day 2 to hospital discharge, and then aspirin. Rethrombosis was observed in one patient with extended splanchnic thrombus. The 1-year actuarial patient survival rate was 83.7%, and did not significantly differ from the patients without portal vein thrombosis (86.7%). Our results suggest that portal vein thrombosis is often partial and thus difficult to diagnose preoperatively: it can be managed successfully during surgery by thrombectomy, except when there is complete splanchnic veins thrombosis; and it did not affect 1-year survival.     

肝硬化脾切除术后门静脉血栓形成相关影响因素

目的分析肝硬化脾切除术后门静脉血栓(portal vein thrombosis,PVT)形成相关危险因素,提高围手术期的预防水平。方法回顾性分析武汉大学人民医院2015年1月至2017年3月因肝硬化门静脉高压行脾切除术病人70例,其中术后形成PVT组18例,术后未形成PVT组52例,对其围手术期相关资料进行比较。结果 70例病人中18例出现PVT,发生率为25.7%(18/70)。PVT组与非PVT组围手术期一般资料中,PVT组手术时间为(190.1±37.7)min,明显长于非PVT组的(168.7±32.6)min(P=0.024);PVT组脾静脉直径为(10.4±2.7)mm,明显宽于非PVT组的(9.2±1.9)mm(P=0.043);PVT组门静脉直径为(15.1±1.8)mm,明显宽于非PVT组的(13.4±2.1)mm(P=0.024);PVT组术后3 d的D-二聚体值为(2.47±1.32)mg/L,明显高于非PVT组的(1.83±1.10)mg/L(P=0.047)。结论肝硬化脾切除术后PVT形成与手术时间、脾静脉直径、门静脉直径、术后3 d的D-二聚体值等因素有关,可以通过这些指标观察来预测术后PVT的形成。     

Liver transplantation in recipients with portal vein thrombosis: experience of a single transplant center

INTRODUCTION: Although portal vein thrombosis (PVT) is no longer considered a contraindication for liver transplantation (OLT), it is still considered a high risk because of the complexity of the surgical procedure. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of PVT in the recipient during OLT on intra- and perioperative management and outcome. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Between April 1986 and October 2003, 721 primary OLT included 64 patients (8.8%) with PVT. The underlying liver disease was postnecrotic cirrhosis in most cases (n = 37). Intraoperative (length of surgery, packed red blood cells (PRBC) transfusion requirements, ischemia time, complications) and postoperative parameters (ICU stay and hospitalization time, complications, actuarial graft and patient survival at 1 month and 1 and 5 years) were compared with a control group of patients submitted to OLT without PVT (n = 657). RESULTS: Portal flow was reestablished in 56 patients with thromboendovenectomy, in seven patients with a venous graft from the superior mesenteric vein, and with cavoportal hemitransposition in one case. The average ICU and hospital stay as well as the 1-month and 1- and 5-year patient survivals were not significantly different in the PVT versus the control group. We observed slightly more PRBC transfusions and longer surgery procedures in the PVT group. CONCLUSIONS: Our experience suggests that thromboendovenectomy is the procedure of choice for PVT. The results are good in terms of survival rates and postoperative complications, although the presence of PVT may lead to more technical problems during surgery.     

脾切除术后门静脉系统血栓形成的相关因素分析及早期抗凝效果分析

目的探讨门静脉高压行脾切除术后门静脉系统血栓形成（portalveinthrombosis,PVT）的相关因素,及早期抗凝治疗的预防作用。方法回顾分析102例门静脉高压行脾切除术患者临床资料．观察性别、年龄、术前肝功能Child—Paph分级、门静脉直径、术前和术后2周血小板计数、联合贲门周围血管离断术、抗凝等临床指标与PVT形成的相关性。结果102例患者脾切除术后PVT发生率16．7％（17例）,其中抗凝患者PVT发生率9．1％（5／55）,低于未抗凝治疗患者的25．5％（12／47）,差异有统计学意义（X^2=4．932,P〈0．05）。单因素分析显示PVT组与无PVT组贲门周围血管离断术（64．7％与36．5％）、门静脉内径[（13．8±2．1）mm与（15．2±2．2）mm]和抗凝治疗（29．4％与58．8％）存在统计学差异（P〈0．05）。多因素分析显示门静脉内径（OR=2．448,P=0．029）及是否抗凝治疗（OR=1．610,P=0．032）与术后PVT形成有关。结论脾切除术后PVT形成与门静脉内径增宽、是否抗凝治疗有关。术后早期给予低分子肝素抗凝治疗能降低PVT发生率。     

术前门静脉血流速度在门静脉高压症断流术后血栓形成中的预测价值

目的 评价术前门静脉血流速度对乙型肝炎肝硬化门静脉高压症断流术后门静脉血栓形成(PVT)中的预测价值.方法 对2007年1月至2008年7月在四川大学华西医院同一外科小组行脾切除和断流术的连续45例乙型肝炎后肝硬化门静脉高压症患者,运用彩色多普勒超声测量术前1 d门静脉直径、流速以及术后7 d有无门静脉系统血栓形成.同时计算患者术前Child-Pugh评分.术后测量去脾脏血液后的脾脏重量,检测术前1 d、术后7 d凝血酶原时间(PT)和血小板计数(PLT).并将患者分为血栓组与非血栓组、高速组与低速组,分别对上述指标进行统计学对比分析.结果 术后发生门静脉系统血栓13例(28.9%),血栓组(n=13)术前门静脉流速为(19.5±5.3)cm/s,其中12例低于25 cm/s[平均(18.4±3.8)cm/s],1例为32.3 cm/s;非血栓组(n=32)术前门静脉流速为(29.6±8.0)cm/s,两组差异有统计学意义(P<0.01).低速组(n=17)和高速组(n=28)血栓发生率分别为70.6%和3.6%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01).分别比较两种分组的患者术前Child-Pugh评分、脾脏重量、手术前后PT和PLT,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05).25 cm/s作为指标预测术后血栓形成的敏感性为92.3%,特异性为70.6%.结论 术前门静脉直径增加及血流速度降低是导致术后门静脉系统发生血栓的主要危险因素,尤其当门静脉流速降低(<25 cm/s)时,断流术后血栓发生率将显著增高.门静脉直径与血流速度存在负相关系,可根据门静脉流速预测门静脉高压症断流术后的血栓的形成.     

Portal vein thrombosis in patients undergoing orthotopic liver transplantation: intraoperative endovascular radiological procedures

PURPOSE: To evaluate the usefulness of endovascular procedures for portal vein complications during orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between May 1994 and November 2004, we performed 504 OLTs in 464 adults. Seventy-eight patients (16.8%) presented with portal vein thrombosis (PVT). This analysis of patients from May 2000 to September 2004 included 10 patients with PVT, who were treated with endovascular techniques due to low portal flow. We compared this group with patients who were treated surgically with attention to rethrombosis and survival rates. If portal vein problems were due to obstruction, a venoplasty and primary stent placement were performed. We also embolized with coils or surgically ligated remaining competitive portosystemic shunts. RESULTS: Perfusion problems in the allograft were solved in all cases. We placed seven stents and embolized six competitive shunts. One anastomotic dysfunction was repaired. None of the patients died or rethrombosed during surgery or follow-up. CONCLUSION: Endovascular techniques during OLT can resolve some liver graft perfusion problems due to PVT and "steal" phenomena, especially with unsatisfactory eversion thromboendovenectomy in patients with grade IV PVT. Although primary permeability of stents has been good, these results need to be confirmed.