IRF6 gene variants in Central European patients with non‐syndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate

Variants in the interferon regulatory factor 6 (IRF6) gene have repeatedly been associated with non‐syndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate (NSCL/P). A recent study has suggested that the functionally relevant variant rs642961 is the underlying cause of the observed associations. We genotyped rs642961 in our Central European case–control sample of 460 NSCL/P patients and 952 controls. In order to investigate whether other IRF6 variants contribute independently to the etiology of NSCL/P, we also genotyped the non‐synonymous coding variant V274I (rs2235371) and five IRF6‐haplotype tagging single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). A highly significant result was observed for rs642961 (P = 1.44 × 10^?6) in our sample. The odds ratio was 1.75 [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.38–2.22] for the heterozygous genotype and 1.94 (95% CI: 1.21–3.10) for the homozygous genotype, values that are similar to those reported in a previously published family‐based study. Our results thus confirm the involvement of the IRF6 variant, rs642961, in the etiology of NSCL/P in the Central European population. We also found evidence suggestive of an independent protective effect of the coding variant V274I. In order to understand fully the genetic architecture of the IRF6 locus, it will be necessary to conduct additional SNP‐based and resequencing studies using large samples of patients.     

Lack of association between IRF6 polymorphisms (rs2235371 and rs642961) and non‐syndromic cleft lip and/or palate in a Brazilian population

Oral Diseases (2010) 16 , 193–197 Background: Interferon regulatory factor 6 (IRF6) gene has emerged as a potential susceptibility gene for non‐syndromic cleft lip and/or palate (NSCL/P) in different populations. The aim of this study was to determine the association of IRF6 rs2235371 and rs642961 polymorphisms with NSCL/P in a Brazilian population. Methods: Two hundred and twenty‐eight patients affected by NSCL/P and 126 healthy individuals were genotyped by polymerase chain reaction‐restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR‐RFLP) assay. Results: Overall genotype distributions of rs2235371 and rs642961 polymorphisms were as expected by Hardy‐Weinberg equilibrium test. The rs2235371 polymorphic genotype GA was identified in 10.1% of the patients with NSCL/P and in 10.3% of the control group, revealing no statistical difference. Similarly, the frequency of rs642961 minor genotypes (GA and AA) was quite similar between control group (28.6%) and NSCL/P group (25.4%), without significant difference. Conclusion: Our findings are consistent with a lack of involvement of IRF6 rs2235371 and rs642961 polymorphisms in the NSCL/P pathogenesis in the Brazilian population.     

Homozygote C/C at rs12543318 was risk factor for non‐syndromic cleft lip only from Western Han Chinese population

Non‐syndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate (NSCL/P) is a complex disorder, and it results from both of the genetic modifiers and environmental factors, with genetic modifiers contributes to it more than environmental factors. GWASs made great progress in identifying the candidate genes for NSCL/P, but the findings need to be replicated in other populations. In this study, we selected eleven SNPs from recent GWASs and GWAS meta‐analysis to investigate their associations among 308 NSCL/P trios (134 non‐syndromic cleft lip only (NSCLO) trios and 174 non‐syndromic cleft lip with cleft palate (NSCLP) trios) from Han Chinese population. All SNPs were genotyped using SNPscan method and analyzed the data with FBAT, PLINK, and R package. Allelic TDT analysis showed that allele A at rs12543318 was associated with NSCLO trios (P = .0032, OR = 0.57, 95% CI: 0.39‐0.83), and parent‐of‐origin effect analysis indicated that allele A at rs12543318 was significantly maternally undertransmitted among NSCLO (P = .0046), which implied the potential influence of genomic imprinting; global TDT further confirmed this association. Individual genotypic TDT showed homozygote C/C at rs12543318 was overtransmitted among NSCLO (Z = 3.79, P = .00015) and NSCL/P groups (Z = 3.83, P = .00013), which indicated that it could increase the risk to have cleft babies. Our findings indicated that rs12543318 was associated with NSCLO from Western Han Chinese population, which will give new scientific evidence for later researches in the etiology of NSOCs.     

Haplotype‐based gene–gene interaction of bone morphogenetic protein 4 and interferon regulatory factor 6 in the etiology of non‐syndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate in a Chilean population

Non‐syndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate (NSCL/P) is the most common craniofacial birth defect in humans, the etiology of which can be dependent on the interactions of multiple genes. We previously reported haplotype associations for polymorphic variants of interferon regulatory factor 6 (IRF6), msh homeobox 1 (MSX1), bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4), and transforming growth factor beta 3 (TGFB3) in Chile. Here, we analyzed the haplotype‐based gene–gene interaction for markers of these genes and NSCL/P risk in the Chilean population. We genotyped 15 single nucleoptide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 152 Chilean patients and 164 controls. Linkage disequilibrium (LD) blocks were determined using the Haploview software, and phase reconstruction was performed by the Phase program. Haplotype‐based interactions were evaluated using the multifactor dimensionality reduction (MDR) method. We detected two LD blocks composed of two SNPs from BMP4 (Block 1) and three SNPs from IRF6 (Block 2). Although MDR showed no statistical significance for the global interaction model involving these blocks, we found four combinations conferring a statistically significantly increased NSCL/P risk (Block 1–Block 2): T‐T/T‐G C‐G‐T/G‐A‐T; T‐T/T‐G C‐G‐C/C‐G‐C; T‐T/T‐G G‐A‐T/G‐A‐T; and T‐T/C‐G G‐A‐T/G‐A‐T. These findings may reflect the presence of a genomic region containing potential causal variants interacting in the etiology of NSCL/P and may contribute to disentangling the complex etiology of this birth defect.     

Gene-gene interaction for nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate in Chilean case-parent trios

ObjectiveNonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate (NSCL/P) is a birth defect for which several genes susceptibility genes been proposed. Consequently, it has been suggested that many of these genes belong to common inter-related pathways during craniofacial development gene-gene interaction. We evaluated the presence of gene-gene interaction for single nucleotide polymorphisms within interferon regulatory factor 6 (IRF6), muscle segment homeobox 1 (MSX1), bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4) and transforming growth factor 3 (TGFB3) genes in NSCL/P risk in Chilean case-parent trios.DesignFrom previous studies, we retrieved genotypes for 13 polymorphic variants within these four genes in 152 case-parent trios. Using the trio package (R) we evaluate the gene-gen interaction in genetic markers pairs applying a 1°-of-freedom test (1df) and a confirmatory 4°-of-freedom (4df) test for epistasis followed by both a permutation test and a Benjamini-Hochberg test for multiple comparisons adjustment.ResultsWe found evidence of gene-gene interaction for rs6446693 (MSX1) and rs2268625 (TGFB3) (4df p = 0.024; permutation p = 0.015, Benjamini-Hochberg p = 0.001).ConclusionsA significant gene-gene interaction was detected for rs6446693 (MSX1) and rs2268625 (TGFB3). This finding is concordant with research in animal models showing that MSX1 and TGFB3 are expressed in common molecular pathways acting in an epistatic manner during maxillofacial development.     

中国人群非综合征性唇腭裂患者IRF6基因突变检测

目的 探讨干扰素调节因子6(interferon regulatory factor 6, IRF6) 在非综合征性唇腭裂(non-sydromic cleft lip and/or cleft palate,NSCL/P)患者中的突变情况。方法：收集119例NSCL/P患者及288名健康人对照样本的外周血血样并提取DNA。在IRF6基因的全部外显子分别设计引物,PCR扩增其序列,通过测序找出IRF6基因突变,并将这些突变在对照样本中进行验证。结果：共发现5种在正常人中没有的突变,其中4种是新发现的突变。结论：IRF6基因突变在中国人群中参与了非综合征唇腭裂疾病的发生。     

5,10‐Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase single nucleotide polymorphisms and gene–environment interaction analysis in non‐syndromic cleft lip/palate

Non‐syndromic cleft lip/palate (NSCL/P) is a common congenital defect in Mexico. Periconceptional intake of folic acid (FA) may reduce the risk of this malformation. Although the 5,10‐methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) enzyme participates in folate metabolism, several studies failed to find any association between NSCL/P and the MTHFR C677T and A1298C polymorphisms. However, interactions among NSCL/P, MTHFR gene polymorphisms, and FA intake have not been explored in Mexican populations. This case–control study included 132 patients with NSCL/P and 370 controls from Mexico City. Maternal FA consumption during pregnancy was examined, as were the MTHFR C677T and A1298C polymorphisms and gene–FA interactions. Maternal FA intake during the periconceptional period was lower in cases (1.5%) than in controls (13%), with the risk of delivering a child with NSCL/P lower in mothers who consumed FA (OR = 0.29, 95% CI: 0.19–0.44). In addition, the risk of NSCL/P was lower in children with the TT than the CC genotype of MTHFR C677T (OR = 0.39, 95% CI: 0.23–0.68), after Bonferroni correction and exclusion of stratification. No evidence of gene–FA interaction was found. These results indicate that maternal FA intake and the TT genotype of the MTHFR C677T polymorphism in children independently reduced the risk of NSCL/P in our population.     

VAX1 gene associated non-syndromic cleft lip with or without palate in Western Han Chinese

ObjectiveNon-syndromic cleft lip with or without palate (NSCL/P) is one of the most common human birth defects, it results from multiple genetic and environmental risk factors. Recently, GWA studies identified associations between NSCL/P and two genetic risk loci, rs7078160 and rs4752028, at VAX1.DesignCurrently, we tried to investigate the roles of the two loci among 302 NSCL/P trios (129 non-syndromic cleft lip only (NSCLO) trios and 173 non-syndromic cleft lip and cleft palate (NSCLP) trios) from Western Han Chinese. The two SNPs were genotyped by SNPscan method; Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium test, allelic TDT and parent-of-origin effect were performed by PLINK software, and genotypic TDT and haplotype by FBAT software.ResultsAllelic TDT analysis revealed allele A at rs7078160 was over-transmitted among NSCL/P group (P = 0.0086, OR_transmission = 1.36, 95%CI: 1.08–1.72). Parent-of-origin effect analysis revealed a paternal special over-transmission of allele A at rs708260 in NSCL/P group (P = 0.0079). Haplotype AC of rs7078160-rs4752028 was significant over-transmitted in the NSCL/P group.ConclusionsOur study firstly confirmed that allele A at rs7078160 at VAX1 gene was a risk factor for NSCL/P in Western Han Chinese population.     

Familial non-syndromic cleft lip and palate--analysis of the IRF6 gene and clinical phenotypes

The aim of this study was to characterize Swedish families with non-syndromic cleft lip and/or palate (NSCL/P) for mutations or other sequence variants in the interferon regulatory factor 6 (IRF6) gene, as well as to describe their cleft phenotypes and hypodontia. Seventeen Swedish families with at least two family members with NSCL/P were identified and clinically evaluated. Extracted DNA from blood samples was used for IRF6 mutation screening. Exonic fragments of the IRF6 gene were sequenced and chromatograms were inspected. Statistical analysis was undertaken with marker- and haplotype association tests. No disease-associated IRF6 mutation could be determined in the families analyzed. One new and seven known single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were detected. The A allele of SNP rs861019 in exon 2 and the G allele of SNP rs7552506 in intron 3 showed association with cleft lip and palate (CLP; odds ratios of 3.1 and 5.45, respectively). Hypodontia was observed more commonly in individuals affected with CL/P as compared with family members without a cleft (P < 0.01). The hypodontia most often affected the cleft area, possibly representing a secondary effect. The distribution of cleft phenotypes in 15 of the 17 families with NSCL/P differed from the mixed cleft types seen in Van der Woude syndrome (VWS), in that CLP did not occur together with an isolated cleft palate within the same family. It was concluded that mutations of the IRF6 gene are not a common cause for cleft predisposition in Swedish NSCL/P families.     

Evaluating SKI as a candidate gene for non‐syndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate

Non‐syndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate (NSCL/P) is one of the most common of all congenital malformations and has a multifactorial etiology. Findings in mice suggest that the v‐ski sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (SKI) gene is a candidate gene for orofacial clefting. In humans, a significant association between rs2843159 within SKI and NSCL/P has been reported in patients from the Philippines and South America. In the South American patients, the association was driven by the subgroup of patients with non‐syndromic cleft lip only (NSCLO). Here we investigated the association with rs2843159 in a Mayan Mesoamerican population (172 NSCL/P patients and 366 controls). In addition, we analyzed the phenotypic subgroups NSCLO and non‐syndromic cleft of lip and palate (NSCLP). A trend towards association between rs2843159 and NSCL/P was observed in the Mayan cohort (P = 0.097), and we found a stronger association in the NSCLP subgroup (P = 0.072) despite a limited sample size. To investigate whether other common variants within the SKI gene contribute to NSCL/P susceptibility in European and Asian populations, we also analyzed genotypic data from two recent genome‐wide association studies using set‐based statistical approaches. These analyses detected a trend toward association in the European population. Our data provide limited support for the hypothesis that common SKI variants are susceptibility factors for NSCL/P.     

Association between BMP4 gene polymorphisms and cleft lip with or without cleft palate in a population from South China

ObjectivePrevious studies have suggested an association between several polymorphisms of the BMP4 gene and susceptibility to non-syndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate (NSCL/P) in various populations. However, this association may vary according to ethnic group and the form of NSCL/P. This study analyzed the association between the BMP4 gene polymorphisms rs762642, rs17563, and rs10130587 with the risk of cleft lip only (CLO), cleft palate only (CPO), and cleft lip with palate (CLP) in a population from South China.MethodsThis case-control study included 165 patients with NSCL/P (53 patients with CPO, 52 with CLO, and 60 with CLP) and 52 healthy volunteers. Peripheral blood samples were collected from all subjects to genotype the rs762642, rs17563, and rs10130587 polymorphisms by direct sequencing. Genotype and allelic frequencies of these polymorphisms were compared between healthy volunteers and patients with various forms of NSCL/P.ResultsThe genotype and allelic frequencies of rs762642 differed significantly between subgroups (CPO and CLP) and normal controls, whereas a significant difference was observed only in the CLO subgroup for the rs17563 polymorphism and in the CLO and CLP groups for the rs10130587 polymorphism. In addition, we identified a novel association of a BMP4 gene polymorphism, which was in linkage disequilibrium with the rs10130587 polymorphism, with CLO and CLP.ConclusionThe BMP4 gene polymorphisms rs762642, rs17563, and rs10130587 exhibit different associations with different forms of NSCL/P, suggesting that different forms of NSCL/P may have different etiologies.     

MTHFR and MSX1 contribute to the risk of nonsyndromic cleft lip/palate

Jagomägi T, Nikopensius T, Krjut?kov K, Tammekivi V, Viltrop T, Saag M, Metspalu A. MTHFR and MSX1 contribute to the risk of nonsyndromic cleft lip/palate. Eur J Oral Sci 2010; 118: 213–220. © 2010 The Authors. Journal compilation©2010 Eur J Oral Sci Recent studies suggest that multiple interacting loci, with possible additional environmental factors, influence the risk for nonsyndromic oral clefts, one of the most common birth defects in humans. Advances in high‐throughput genotyping technology allow the testing of multiple markers, simultaneously, in many candidate genes. We tested for associations between 176 haplotype‐tagging single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 18 candidate genes/loci and nonsyndromic clefts in a case–control study in an Estonian sample (153 patients, 205 controls). The most significant associations with nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate (CL/P) were found for SNPs in MSX1, MTHFR, and PVRL2, including several common haplotypes in the MTHFR and MSX1 genes. The strongest association was observed for rs6446693 in the MSX1 region, which remained statistically significant after Bonferroni correction. The strongest association with nonsyndromic cleft palate (CP) was found for the SNP rs11624283 in the JAG2 gene. Epistatic interactions were observed for SNPs within PVRL2, between BCL3 and EDN1, and between IRF6 and MSX1 genes. This study provides further evidence implicating MSX1 and MTHFR in the etiology of nonsyndromic CL/P across different populations.     

Susceptibility locus for non‐syndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate on chromosome 10q25 confers risk in Estonian patients

Nikopensius T, Birnbaum S, Ludwig KU, Jagomägi T, Saag M, Herms S, Knapp M, Hoffmann P, Nöthen MM, Metspalu A, Mangold E. Susceptibility locus for non‐syndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate on chromosome 10q25 confers risk in Estonian patients. Eur J Oral Sci 2010; 118: 317–319. © 2010 The Authors. Journal compilation © 2010 Eur J Oral Sci Non‐syndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate (NSCL/P) is one of the most common birth defects and has a multifactorial etiology that includes both genetic and environmental factors. Recently, two novel susceptibility loci and three suggestive loci for NSCL/P were identified by a genome‐wide association scan (GWAS) in a German population with subsequent independent replication in a mixed European population. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether these newly detected loci confer similar effects in the North‐East European Baltic population. A total of 101 NSCL/P patients and 254 controls from Estonia were included. A significant association was observed for rs7078160 (P = 0.0016) at chromosome 10q25, which confirms the association of this locus with NSCL/P in the Baltic population. No significant association was found for the other four loci, a result that may have been attributable to the limited power of the sample.     

Association between MAFB rs17820943 and rs6072081 polymorphism and risk of nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate: a meta-analysis

While there have been previous studies examining the relation between the rs17820943 and rs6072081 polymorphisms in the v-maf musculoaponeurotic fibrosarcoma oncogene homolog B (MAFB) gene and rates of nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate (NSCL/P), at present the results of these studies have been inconsistent. This meta-analysis therefore aimed to conduct a more robust assessment of the association between the MAFB rs17820943 and rs6072081 polymorphisms and NSCL/P risk. The Embase, Web of Science, PubMed, the China National Knowledge Internet (CNKI), and Wanfang databases were systematically searched to identify relevant studies. In total, five studies incorporating 2769 patients and 2885 controls were identified assessing the rs17820943 polymorphism and three studies incorporating 1242 patients and 1310 controls assessing the rs6072081 polymorphism were identified. This analysis revealed the MAFB rs17820943 and rs6072081 polymorphisms to be linked to a significantly reduced NSCL/P risk (rs17820943: C vs T: OR = 0.76, 95% CI = 0.70-0.82; CC vs CT: OR = 0.75, 95% CI = 0.67-0.85; CC vs TT: OR = 0.58, 95% CI = 0.49-0.67; CC + CT vs TT: OR = 0.67, 95% CI = 0.59-0.77; CT + TT vs CC: OR = 1.43, 95% CI = 1.28-1.60; rs6072081: A vs G: OR = 0.77, 95%CI = 0.68-0.86; AA vs AG: OR = 0.76, 95%CI = 0.64-0.90; AA vs GG: OR = 0.58, 95%CI = 0.45-0.74; AA + AG vs GG: OR = 0.68, 95%CI = 0.54-0.84; AG + GG vs AA: OR = 1.40, 95% CI = 1.19-1.65). The results of the present meta-analysis indicate that in an East Asian population, for both rs17820943 and rs6072081 were associated with NSCL/P.     

Interferon regulatory factor 6 variants affect nasolabial morphology in East Asian populations

ObjectiveThe interferon regulatory factor 6 gene (IRF6) is one of the most conspicuous genes among a large number of candidate risk genes for non-syndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate, which is considered to be a multifactorial defect. Variants of IRF6 are also suggested to affect normal craniofacial variations, especially in the area of the nose and the upper lip. In the present study, we used lateral cephalograms to establish the relationship between IRF6 and sagittal nasolabial morphology in healthy East Asian subjects.DesignGenomic DNA was extracted from 215 Japanese and 226 Korean individuals, and genotyped for five IRF6 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs): rs17389541, rs642961, rs2013162, rs2235371, and rs7802. These SNPs were tested by multiple regression analyses for their association with craniofacial measurements obtained from lateral cephalometrics.ResultsWe detected a significant association between the derived variants, rs2013162 and rs2235371 and the distances between a facial bone plane indicated by distance from Nasion and Point A (NA plane) to soft tissue landmarks; the Subalare (NA-Sbal) and the Subnasale (NA-Sn) in the sagittal plane.ConclusionOur results indicate that IRF6 variants play an important role in the normal range of variation in nasolabial soft-tissue morphology.     

中国西部人群IRF6基因SNPs与非综合征型唇腭裂相关性的研究

目的:探讨干扰素调节因子6 (IRF6) 基因rs2013162 和 rs2235375位点单核苷酸多态性(SNPs)与非综合征型唇腭裂的相关性.方法:收集病例组非综合征型唇腭裂患儿332 例,患者父亲243 例,患者母亲289 例,完整的核心家庭206个.对照组收集正常新生儿174 例.采用聚合酶链反应-限制性片段长度多态性(PCR-RFLP)方法检测IRF6基因这2 个多态位点基因型,进行病例对照和传递不平衡(TDT)分析.结果:在中国西部人群中,与正常对照组比较,唇腭裂组rs2235375位点的基因型和等位基因的频率存在统计学差异(均P<0.01).运用传递不平衡研究发现IRF6基因rs2235375位点的G等位基因在唇腭裂患者中存在过传递(P<0.01).有5 种单倍型组合显示有传递不平衡.结论:在中国西部人群中IRF6基因多态性与非综合征型唇腭裂的发生存在强的相关性.     

宁夏回汉族人群Wnt3基因单核苷酸多态性与非综合征型唇腭裂相关性的研究

目的 探讨宁夏回汉族人群中Wnt3基因rs142167和rs7216231位点单核苷酸多态性（SNP）与非综合征型唇腭裂（NSCL/P）的相关性。方法 收集宁夏地区回汉族人群非综合征型唇腭裂患者371例为病例组,其中汉族患者166例,回族患者205例;收集患者父亲196例,患者母亲224例,其中150例患者为NSCL/P核心家系;258例健康新生儿为对照组,其中汉族190例,回族68例。采用聚合酶链反应-限制性片段长度多态性（PCR-RFLP）方法检测Wnt3基因多态位点rs142167和rs7216231基因型,对比分析2组的基因型和等位基因,并进行传递不平衡检验（TDT）和以家系为基础的相关性检验（FBAT）分析。结果 回汉族人群病例组与对照组比较及其民族分层比较,唇裂、腭裂、唇腭裂及总病例组rs142167和rs7216231位点均无统计学差异（P＞0.05）。TDT分析结果显示：rs142167和rs7216231位点的等位基因均不存在过传递（P＞0.05）。FBAT分析结果显示：单倍型G-G具有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论 Wnt3基因多态性与宁夏地区回汉族人群非综合征型唇腭裂不存在相关性。     

Association of common variants in PAH and LAT1 with non-syndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate (NSCL/P) in the Polish population

Background

Non-syndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate (NSCL/P) is a common structural malformation with a complex and multifactorial aetiology. Associations of abnormalities in phenylalanine metabolism and orofacial clefts have been suggested.

Methods

Eight single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of genes encoding phenylalanine hydroxylase (PAH) and large neutral l-amino acid transporter type 1 (LAT1), as well as the PAH mutation that is most common in the Polish population (rs5030858; R408W), were investigated in 263 patients with NSCL/P and 270 matched controls using high resolution melting curve analysis (HRM).

Results

We found that two polymorphic variants of PAH appear to be risk factors for NSCL/P. The odds ratio (OR) for individuals with the rs7485331 A allele (AC or AA) compared to CC homozygotes was 0.616 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.437–0.868; p = 0.005) and this association remains statistically significant after multiple testing correction. The PAH rs12425434, previously associated with schizophrenia, was borderline associated with orofacial clefts. Moreover, haplotype analysis of polymorphisms in the PAH gene revealed a 4-marker combination that was significantly associated with NSCL/P. The global p-value for a haplotype comprised of SNPs rs74385331, rs12425434, rs1722392, and the mutation rs5030858 was 0.032, but this association did not survive multiple testing correction.

Conclusion

This study suggests the involvement of the PAH gene in the aetiology of NSCL/P in the tested population. Further replication will be required in separate cohorts to confirm the consistency of the observed association.     

邯郸地区非综合征唇腭裂患儿发生率及其与环境因素和IRF6基因多态性的相关性研究

目的分析邯郸地区非综合征唇腭裂(non-syndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate,NSCL/P)患儿发生率及其与环境因素和IRF6基因多态性的相关性。方法对2016年3月-2018年4月产科新生儿22460例临床资料进行回顾性分析,统计唇腭裂发生情况。并采用单因素分析和多因素Logistic回归分析影响新生儿发生唇腭裂的影响因素。结果①在22460例新生儿中,NSCL/P有48例,占比2.13‰,其中,单纯性唇裂15例,占比31.25%,腭裂12例,占比25.00%,唇腭裂21例,占比33.33%。;②所有患儿及其父母与健康组基因型频率分布经检验均符合HW平衡,NSCL/P组中单纯性唇裂与唇腭裂rs642961位点的AA基因频率明显高于健康组,数据间差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);③父亲吸烟、母亲吸烟、母亲被动吸烟、母亲孕期具有疾病史与服药史、未补充维生素与叶酸等环境因素中新生儿NSCL/P的发病率明显增高(P<0.05);④母亲吸烟、母亲被动吸烟、母亲孕期具有疾病史与服药史、未补充维生素与叶酸等环境因素是影响新生儿发生NSCL/P的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。结论 IRF6基因rs642961位点的变异可诱发NSCL/P的发生,同时,母亲吸烟与被动吸烟、母亲孕期具有疾病史与服药史、未补充维生素与叶酸等环境因素可增加NSCL/P发病的风险。