Purpose. The study assessed the relationship between cognitive ability and sensorimotor integration. The clinical hypothesis is that adults with ID fall below non-ID adults in motor skills that involve hand-eye coordination.
Method. A group of 42 adults with ID (ID group) was compared to 48 age-matched typical adults (TA) using a mixed experimental design ('Task' as the within-subjects factor and 'Group' as the between-subjects factor). Participants performed the following tests twice: Box-and-Blocks, 25-Grooved-Pegboard, Stick Catching and overhead Beanbag-Throw. Pearson correlations and ANOVAs were used to test the hypothesis (p ≤ 0.05).
Results. As expected, TA outperformed the ID group in all tests regardless of the hand used during for the assessment. However, TA individuals scored significantly better with one hand (i.e., the preferred and dominant hand) as opposed to persons with ID, who exhibited no hand preference. Test-retest correlations among the first and second assessment scores yielded moderate-strong coefficients, depending on the type of test (Box-and-Blocks = 0.92 and 0.96, 25-Grooved-Pegboard = 0.69 and 0.83, Stick-Catching = 0.88 and 0.94, Beanbag-Throw = 0.58 and 0.91 for ID and TA, respectively).
Discussion. Difficulties in the integration of perceptual information into motor action may result in inadequate solutions to daily motor problems. As it stems from our results, intellectual disability relates to inability to integrate visual inputs and hand movements. In people with mild ID such inability is observed using both hands (i.e., they show no hand preferences). Poor perceptual-motor coordination might have a functional significance in that it may lead to exclusion from vocational and recreational activities, and a decreasing competence of ADL. Assessing coordination in adults with ID may contribute to understanding the nature of the ID condition and may encourage an early rehabilitation. 相似文献
Background
Adult siblings are important in the lives of individuals with profound intellectual disabilities, especially as parents age. However, little is known about the roles they assume.Method
We examined these roles among 58 participants from the Netherlands, who completed an online questionnaire.Results
Most participants (89.7%) assumed multiple roles, and the majority were content with their roles. Between 7% and 58% indicated that they were the only individuals providing a certain role. Shared roles primarily involved healthcare professionals, other siblings, and parents. Almost half the participants (48.2%) assigned higher scores for the amount of support provided than for the experienced burden.Conclusions
Adult siblings often assume multiple roles. The shared roles emphasise the importance of collaboration. 相似文献- Implications for Rehabilitation
The concepts of participation and participation restriction are highly relevant in people with a mild intellectual disability.
Self-rated performance might be sufficient to assess participation at a group level.
In clinical practices, the relationship between the perceived importance and the actual performance of an activity is essential to assess.
Background
General practitioners (GP) report multiple challenges when treating individuals with intellectual disabilities which may influence referral rates. The study aimed to establish factors that influence GP's decision-making when referring a child with intellectual disabilities to the emergency department.Method
Discrete choice experiments (DCEs) are increasingly used in health research to further understand complex decision making. A DCE was designed to assess the relative importance of factors that may influence a GP's (N = 157) decision to refer.Results
A random parameters model indicated that perceived limited parental capacity to manage an illness was the most important factor in the decision to refer a child to the ED, followed by a repeat visit, a referral request from the parent, and a Friday afternoon appointment.Conclusion
Understanding the factors that influence referral is important for service improvement and to strengthen primary care provision for this population and their families. 相似文献Methods: Two case studies were conducted to assess the performance of five workers engaged in office tasks, with three different support conditions.
Results: Results reveal a 20% increase in quality of performance of the tasks undertaken with graphic support as compared to support in which the participants received verbal instructions (VIs) from a work mate; and between 25 and 30% as compared to a control condition which included no help of any kind.
Conclusions: These findings are consistent with previous studies which support the possibility of generating, at low cost, iconic materials (with maps or simple graphics), which progressively facilitate workers’ autonomy, without dependence or help from the job trainer. We observed that the worst performance is in the support condition with VIs, this shows the limitations of this type of natural support, which is provided on demand by work mates without specialist knowledge of work support.
- Implications for Rehabilitation
We studied the use of various types of natural support for people with intellectual disability in their workplace.
The findings suggest that, with some brief training, the simple use in the workplace of graphic help on a card can increase between 20 and 30% the quality of performance of certain work tasks carried out by workers with intellectual disability.
This advantage contrasts with the high cost or lower "manageability" of other material resources of natural support based on the use of technology.