Electrocardiographic identification of the infarct-related artery in acute inferior myocardial infarction.

INTRODUCTION: Mortality and morbidity from acute inferior myocardial infarction (MI) are determined, among other factors, by the infarct-related artery (IRA). Several electrocardiographic (ECG) criteria have been proposed to differentiate between the right coronary artery (RCA) and the left circumflex coronary artery (LCx) as the IRA in inferior MI. Recently, a new criterion has been proposed (ST segment depression in lead aVR). It was our objective to evaluate the old and the new ECG criteria in identifying the IRA in patients with inferior MI. METHODS: Patients with inferior MI treated by primary angioplasty were included, following evaluation of the admission ECG. Patients with a previous history of Q-wave myocardial infarction and complete bundle branch block were excluded. The artery with the most severe lesion was considered the IRA. The following ECG criteria were assessed: ST depression in lead DI; ST depression in leads V1 and V2, ST elevation in lead DIII > DII, ST depression in V3/ST elevation in DIII ratio > 1.2 (classical criteria) and ST depression in lead aVR. ST-segment elevation or depression was measured 0.06 sec after the J point. RESULTS: 53 patients were included (mean age 59.1 +/- 13.9 years, 38 males). The RCA was the IRA in 38 patients and the LCx in 15. Baseline characteristics (age, gender, TIMI flow, Killip class, and pain-to-balloon time) were similar in both groups. All the classical criteria were able to identify the IRA. The new criterion--ST depression in lead aVR--identified the IRA in a small number of patients (sensitivity 33%, specificity 71%, p = NS). CONCLUSIONS: The 4 classical criteria were useful in identifying the IRA in patients with inferior MI. ST depression in lead aVR (a recently proposed new criterion), on the other hand, showed limited utility in differentiating between RCA and LCx.     

New Criteria Based on ST Changes in 12‐Lead Surface ECG to Detect Proximal versus Distal Right Coronary Artery Occlusion in a Case of Acute Inferoposterior Myocardial Infarction

Background: The outcome of patients with inferoposterior myocardial infarction (MI) due to occlusion of right coronary artery (RCA) depends mainly on the location of occlusion (distal vs. proximal). The aim of this study was to evaluate the value of new ECG criteria: the sum of ST depression in I and VL leads and ST changes in V1 lead to predict the location of RCA occlusion in the case of an inferoposterior MI. Methods: The ECG and angiographical findings of 50 patients with acute inferoposterior MI due to RCA occlusion were analyzed. The value of new criteria was studied alone and in combination to predict proximal versus distal RCA occlusion and compared with previously described criterion based only on ST changes in VL. Results: Isoelectric or elevated ST in V1 allowed predicting proximal RCA occlusion with 70% sensitivity and 87% specificity with high positive and negative predictive value (87% and 71%, respectively). The new criterion of the sum of ST depression in I and VL ≥ 5.5 mm compared to the criterion based only on ST depression in VL was also more specific (91% vs. 72%) for proximal RCA occlusion with better positive and negative predictive values. Conclusions: The new criterion based on the ST changes in V1 lead is highly accurate in detecting the location of occlusion in the RCA compared to the criteria based only on ST changes in lateral leads. The use of this criterion might increase the accuracy of ECG‐based identification of myocardial involvement in acute inferoposterior MI.     

Diagnostic Value of aVL Derivation for Right Ventricular Involvement in Patients with Acute Inferior Myocardial Infarction

Background: Right ventricular (RV) involvement is associated with increased morbidity and mortality in patients with acute inferior myocardial infarction (MI). Although electrocardiography is probably the most useful, simple, and objective tool for the diagnosis of acute MI, there are no well‐defined criteria in the standard 12‐lead electrocardiogram to properly identify RV involvement in patients with acute inferior MI. Our objective was to evaluate the value of ST‐segment depression in lead aVL in diagnosing RV involvement in patients with acute inferior MI. Materials and Methods: Sixty‐seven patients, hospitalized with acute inferior myocardial infarction, were included in this study. The diagnosis of acute inferior myocardial infarction was based on the clinical history, characteristic enzyme pattern of CK‐MB values, and the appearance of ST‐segment elevation ≥ 1 mm in at least two of the leads (leads II, III, aVF). RV infarction was defined by ST‐segment elevation ≥ 1mm in lead V4R. ST‐segment depression in lead aVL that is more than 1 mm was accepted as a diagnostic criterion for RV involvement in patients with acute inferior MI. Results: Thirty‐one patients had >1 mm ST‐segment depression and 28 of them had right ventricular infarction according to lead V4R. Thirthy‐six patients showed ≤1 mm ST‐segment depression indicating no right ventricular involvement but four of them also had right ventricular infarction according to V4R. Conclusion: More than 1 mm ST‐segment depression in lead aVL was found to have high sensitivity (87%), specificity (91%), high positive and negative predictive value (90%, 88%, respectively), and high diagnostic accuracy (89%) in diagnosing RV involvement in patients with acute inferior MI. Therefore, by using a simple 12‐lead electrocardiographic sign, ST‐segment depression >1 mm in lead aVL, obtained on admission, it is possible to identify RV involvement in patients with acute inferior MI.     

Tissue Doppler imaging of the tricuspid annulus and myocardial performance index in the evaluation of right ventricular involvement in the acute and late phase of a first inferior myocardial infarction

Background: Ischemic involvement of the right ventricle (RV) can complicate the early course of inferior ST elevation myocardial infarction (IMI) and has significant management implications but its diagnosis is difficult. This study assessed RV involvement in the acute and late phase of IMI by pulse‐wave tissue Doppler (PW‐TDI) and RV myocardial performance index (RVMPI). Methods: We prospectively evaluated 38 patients with first IMI, of whom 14 had RV involvement and 24 no RV involvement, as defined by ST segment elevation ≥0.1 mV in lead V4R. Thirty age‐matched healthy subjects served as controls. Echocardiographic assessment included PW‐TDI measurements from the lateral tricuspid annulus with MPI evaluation and was repeated at 6‐month follow‐up. Results: Peak systolic velocity of the tricuspid annulus, S’, was significantly lower and RVMPI higher in patients with RVMI compared to patients without RVMI and controls. Patients with proximal RCA lesion had lower S’ and higher RVMPI than patients with distal RCA or left coronary lesion. In the acute setting, the index S’/MPI < 17 was perfectly discriminatory for RV involvement and had moderate sensitivity and specificity (85%, 87%) for identifying proximal RCA disease. S’/MPI < 23 at 6 months had moderate‐to‐good sensitivity and specificity in identifying patients with previous RVMI. Conclusions: Echocardiographic assessment of the RV by PW‐TDI of the lateral tricuspid annulus, with derivation of MPI is a sensitive and specific marker of RV involvement in first IMI and remains so 6 months after the ischemic event. The novel index of S’/MPI appears to have potentially improved diagnostic accuracy in identifying RV involvement and proximal RCA lesion. (Echocardiography 2011;28:311‐319)     

心电图对老年急性下壁心肌梗死冠状动脉病变部位的预测价值

目的　探讨急性下壁心肌梗死心电图与冠状动脉病变的关系 ,以揭示体表心电图对梗死相关动脉及病变节段的预测价值。方法　对 15 6例老年急性下壁心肌梗死患者的体表心电图和冠状动脉造影资料进行对比分析。结果　梗死相关动脉为右冠状动脉占 79.5 % ,左回旋支占 2 0 .5 %。单纯急性下壁心肌梗死病变节段多发生在第一右心室支开口以远 (77.6 % ) ,合并右心室心肌梗死病变节段多发生在第一右心室支开口前 (87% )。STⅢ 抬高 /STⅡ 抬高 >1,STⅠ、aVL下移≥ 1mm ,提示右冠状动脉为梗死相关动脉的敏感性分别为 87.9%、89.5 % ,特异性分别为 84 .4 %、81.2 % ,阳性预告值分别为 95 .6 %、94 .8% ,两者差异无显著性意义 (P >0 .0 5 )。ST段V1、V2 下移≥ 1mm ,提示左回旋支为梗死相关动脉的敏感性 ,特异性和阳性预告值分别为 84 .4 %、91.9%、73.0 %。结论　急性下壁心肌梗死时心电图对判断梗死相关动脉及病变节段有重要的预测价值     

Value of the Corrected QT Interval Dispersion Obtained Exercise Electrocardiography in Determining Remote Vessel Disease in Patients with Healed Q‐Wave Myocardial Infarction

Background: QT and corrected QT dispersion (QTD, QTcD) obtained by using the standard 12‐lead ECG is a marker of nonhomogenous ventricular repolarization. QTD obtained from exercise ECG increases the diagnostic reliability of ST‐segment changes. The aim of this study was to investigate the diagnostic accuracy of the QTD and QTcD obtained by a 12‐lead ECG during the peak exercise in determining remote vessel disease in patients with healed Q‐wave MI. Methods: Eighty patients with healed Q‐wave Ml (mean age 54 ± 8 years; 71 men, 9 women; 29 anterior; 51 inferior Ml) who underwent exercise stress testing and coronary angiography were included in this study. Patients were divided into two groups, with (group I) and without (group II) remote vessel coronary artery disease. During peak exercise, sensitivity, specificity, negative and positive predictive value of the ST‐segment depression, and QTcD were compared between both groups. Moreover, the resting and peak exercise ECG parameters were compared between group I and group II. Results: In coronary angiography, remote vessel disease was detected in 48 patients (group I). In determining remote vessel disease, the sensitivity, specificity, and the negative and positive predictive values of the peak exercise QTcD ≧ 70 ms were significantly higher than those of the peak exercise ST‐segment depression (81%, 63%, 69%, and 76% vs 71%, 53%, 55%, and 69%, respectively; P < 0.01 for all comparisons). In group I, QTD and QTcD were significantly higher in patients with anterior wall Ml than those with inferior wall Ml both during the resting and peak exercise ECG. In group II, the resting QTD and QTcD were significantly higher in patients with anterior wall MI than those with inferior wall MI. In patients with anterior wall MI and inferior wall Ml, QTD and QTcD significantly increased with exercise in group I. Conclusion: In patients with healed Q‐wave Ml, the value of QTcD ≧ 70 ms increases the diagnostic: accuracy of the exercise stress testing in determining remote vessel disease. A.N.E. 2002;7(3):228–233     

心电图在诊断急性心肌梗死相关动脉中的价值

目的分析急性心肌梗死患者不同梗死部位心电图表现及梗死相关动脉的分布特点,评价心电图诊断梗死相关动脉的价值。方法对132例急性心肌梗死患者心电图和冠状动脉造影资料进行回顾性比较分析。结果心电图显示心肌梗死发生率以心脏下壁、前间壁和广泛前壁最高,分别为31例(23.5%)、26例(19.7%)和22例(16.7%);造影显示梗死相关动脉的发生率分别为左主干(LM)3例(2.3%)、前降支(LAD)73例(55.3%)、回旋支(LCX)18例(13.6%)、右冠状动脉(RCA)38例(28.8%);前壁心肌梗死(55例)的梗死相关动脉多为LAD(51例,92.7%),下壁心肌梗死(31例)的梗死相关动脉多为RCA(22例,71.0%)或LCX(7例,22.6%),且与冠状动脉优势类型密切相关,前壁梗死合并aVR、aVL导联ST段抬高对诊断LAD近段闭塞的特异性较高,分别为86.7%和90.0%。结论急性心肌梗死心电图表现与梗死相关动脉存在明显相关性,有较高的临床诊断价值。     

心电图对急性下壁心肌梗塞时梗塞相关动脉的识别

对33例急性下壁心肌梗塞患者入院时心电图与3周内冠脉造影对照,以发现梗死相关动脉(IRA)识别方法.23例IRA为无左回旋支(LCX)狭窄的右冠状动脉(RCA)病变组V_(1-4)ST段压低16例(70%),7例无RCA狭窄的LCX病变组V_(1-4)ST段压低5例(71%),二组无显著差异;ST_Ⅱ抬高>ST_Ⅰ在RCA组15例(65%),而LCX组无1例(0%),二组有显著差异;ST_(avL)压低>ST_ⅠRCA组16例(70%)、LCX组3例(43%),二组无显著差异.RCA组V_(7-9)ST段抬高2例(9%),LCX组为5例(71%),二组差异显著,RCA组V_(4R)抬高9例(3%),LCX组无1例(0%),二组有显著差异.本文提示:ST_Ⅱ抬高>ST_Ⅰ、V_(7-9)和V_(4R)ST段抬高对急性下壁心梗时IRA识别有一定临床价值.     

急性下壁心肌梗死患者合并右室梗死的心电图探讨

目的　探讨急性下壁心肌梗死合并右室梗死时的心电图变化。方法　对 118例首次发病后 12h以内急性下壁心肌梗死患者行动态描记心电图 ,并对心电图结果进行分析。结果　合并右室梗死者STV2 与STaVF两者无相关关系 (P >0 .0 5 )。不合并右室梗死者STV2 为 (- 0 .13± 1.73)mm ,STaVF为 (1.37± 1.2 3)mm ,两者之间呈负相关 (P <0 .0 1)。在诊断合并右室梗死方面 ,STV4 R和STV5R >1mm的敏感性为 10 0 % ;STV3R >1mm的敏感性为 86 .7% ;STV1 aVF>0 .5的敏感性为 87.5 % ,特异性为 6 2 .7% ;Ⅱ、Ⅲ导联ST段抬高的敏感性为 87.5 5 % ,特异性为 5 7.8%。合并右室梗死者中冠状动脉造影 6例、尸检 1例均为右冠状动脉近端病变 ,且均合并STV3R～V5R >1mm。结论　不合并右室梗死者胸前导联ST段抬高是aVF导联ST段压低的“镜像”表现 ;而合并右室梗死者“镜像”表现消失。STV4 R和STV5R>1mm诊断右室梗死的敏感性最高。STV3R～V5R>1mm预示右冠状动脉近端病变。     

Predictive Value of Admission Electrocardiogram For Multivessel Disease in Acute Anterior and Anterior‐Inferior Myocardial Infarction

Background: Our aim was to investigate the correlation between admission ECG and coronary angiography findings in terms of predicting the culprit vessel responsible for the infarct or multivessel disease in acute anterior or anterior‐inferior myocardial infarction (AMI). Methods: We investigated 101 patients with a diagnosis of anterior AMI with or without ST‐segment elevation or ST‐segment depression in at least two leads in Dll, III, aVF. The patients were classified as those with vessel involvement in the left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery and patients with multivessel disease. Vessel involvement in LAD + circumflex artery (Cx) or LAD + right coronary artery (RCA) or LAD + Cx + RCA were considered as multivessel disease. Thus, (a) anterior AMI patients with reciprocal changes in inferior leads, (b) anterior AMI patients with inferior elevations, (c) all anterior AMI patients according to the ST‐segment changes in the inferior region were analyzed according to the presence of LAD or multivesssel involvement. Results: Presence of ST‐segment depression in aVL and V6 was significantly correlated with the presence of multivessel disease in anterior AMI patients with reciprocal changes in the inferior leads (P = 0.005 and P = 0.003, respectively). No statistically significant difference between the leads were detected in terms of ST‐segment elevation in predicting vessel involvement in the two groups of anterior AMI patients with inferior elevations. When all the patients with anterior AMI were analyzed, the presence of ST‐segment depression in leads aVL, V4, V5 and V6 were significantly associated with the presence of multivessel disease (P = 0.035, P = 0.010, P = 0.011, P = 0.001, respectively). Conclusions: The presence of ST‐segment depression in anterolateral leads in the admission ECG of anterior AMI patients with reciprocal changes in inferior leads was associated with multivessel disease.     

Chest‐lead ST‐J amplitudes using arm electrodes as reference instead of the Wilson central terminal in smartphone ECG applications: Influence on ST‐elevation myocardial infarction criteria fulfillment

Background

“Smartphone 12‐lead ECG” for the assessment of acute myocardial ischemia has recently been introduced. In the smartphone 12‐lead ECG either the right or the left arm can be used as reference for the chest electrodes instead of the Wilson central terminal. These leads are labeled “CR leads” or “CL leads.” We aimed to compare chest‐lead ST‐J amplitudes, using either CR or CL leads, to those present in the conventional 12‐lead ECG, and to determine sensitivity and specificity for the diagnosis of STEMI for CR and CL leads.

Methods

Five hundred patients (74 patients with ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), 66 patients with nonischemic ST deviation and 360 controls) were included. Smartphone 12‐lead ECG chest‐lead ST‐J amplitudes were calculated for both CR and CL leads.

Results

ST‐J amplitudes were 9.1 ± 29 μV larger for CR leads and 7.7 ± 42 μV larger for CL leads than for conventional chest leads (V leads). Sensitivity and specificity were 94% and 95% for CR leads and 81% and 97% for CL leads when fulfillment of STEMI criteria in V leads was used as reference. In ischemic patients who met STEMI criteria in V leads, but not in limb leads, STEMI criteria were met with CR or CL leads in 91%.

Conclusion

By the use of CR or CL leads, smartphone 12‐lead ECG results in slightly lower sensitivity in STEMI detection. Therefore, the adjustment of STEMI criteria may be needed before application in clinical practice.     

Correlation between index electrocardiographic patterns and pre‐intervention angiographic findings: Insights from the HORIZONS‐AMI trial

Objectives : To improve ECG interpretation accuracy in patients with chest pain prior to activation of the cardiac catheterization laboratory for primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI). Background : Despite current guideline‐based ECG criteria, challenges remain in optimizing the rate of appropriate catheterization laboratory activation. Methods : The HORIZONS‐AMI trial enrolled 3,602 patients with chest pain consistent with myocardial infarction (MI). ECG and angiographic core laboratory databases were analyzed for correlation between the qualifying study ECG and the baseline coronary angiogram. Results : LAD occlusion manifested in >80% of cases as ST‐segment elevation in leads V2 and V3, while the culprit vessel was the RCA and LCx in 75 and 25% of cases, respectively, for inferior MI ECG patterns. The study threshold of ≥1.0 mm ST‐segment elevation in ≥2 contiguous ECG leads was not met in 189 (5.3%) patients. When stratified by culprit artery, the prevalence of reciprocal ST‐segment depression ranged from 24 to 88%, being least common for lesions in the mid‐ and distal left anterior descending artery. Despite study eligibility, no posterior MIs were enrolled. Only 36 LBBB cases were identified (25% of whom did not undergo PCI), and 5 of 11 left main coronary occlusions (45%) had ST‐segment elevation in lead aVR. Conclusions : The present study confirms prior ischemic ECG findings predicted by vectorcardiography, validates certain ECG patterns as reliable surrogate markers for acute coronary occlusion, and provides novel insights correlating index ECG ischemic changes and pre‐intervention coronary angiography. These results may enhance the rate of appropriate catheterization laboratory activation. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

心电图诊断急性下壁，前壁心肌梗塞相关动脉的价值

目的：分析急性下壁、前壁心肌梗塞患者心电图表现及梗塞相关动脉的分布特点,评价心电图诊断急性下壁、前壁心肌梗塞相关动脉的价值。方法：对26例急性下壁心肌梗塞、29例急性前壁心肌梗塞患者的心电图和冠状动脉造影资料进行回顾性比较分析。结果：急性下壁心肌梗塞（26例）的梗塞相关动脉为右冠状动脉（RCA）者19例（73％）。回旋支（LCX）6例（23％）;急性前壁心肌梗塞（29例）的梗塞相关动脉为前降支（LAD）者26例（90％）;下壁心肌梗塞相关动脉为RCA的19例中Ⅱ、Ⅲ,aVF导联ST段上移18例（94％）,STⅢ↑／STⅡ↑〉1者16例（84%）。结论：急性下壁、前壁心肌梗塞的心电图表现与梗塞相关动脉有关,有较高的临床诊断价值。     

心电图对急性下壁心肌梗死患者梗死相关血管及闭塞部位的预测价值

目的:探讨急性下壁心肌梗死患者的体表心电图对梗死相关血管及闭塞部位的预测价值。方法:对62例急性下壁心肌梗死患者的体表心电图和冠状动脉造影资料进行回顾性对比分析。结果:梗死相关血管为右冠状动脉者50例(80.65%),左回旋支者12例(19.35%)。单纯急性下壁心肌梗死多发生在右冠状动脉中远段(62.07%);并发右室梗死者均发生在右冠状动脉,且多发生在右冠状动脉近段(70.00%)。STⅢ抬高/STⅡ抬高>1、STaVL压低≥0.5mm、STV1抬高≥0.5mm、STV3压低/STⅢ抬高≤1.2提示梗死相关血管为右冠状动脉的灵敏度分别为88.00%、90.00%、66.00%、72.00%,特异度分别为58.33%、75.00%、83.33%、66.67%。STⅢ抬高/STⅡ抬高≤1、STaVL呈等电位线或抬高、STV1压低≥0.5mm、STV3压低/STⅢ抬高>1.2提示梗死相关血管为左回旋支的灵敏度分别为58.33%、75.00%、66.67%、66.67%,特异度分别为88.00%、90.00%、80.00%、72.00%。结论:急性下壁心肌梗死时,体表心电图对梗死相关血管及闭塞部位有重要的预测价值。     

PR Depression Is Useful in the Differential Diagnosis of Myopericarditis and ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction

Background: Deviation of the PR segment is a common but often ignored ECG finding in acute myopericarditis, but seems to be rare in the acute phase of ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). Since rapid bedside differential diagnosis of acute myopericarditis and STEMI is essential, we decided to assess the diagnostic power of PR depressions in patients presenting with ST elevations in the emergency room. Methods: Thirty‐four consecutive patients with acute myopericarditis and 46 STEMI patients presenting with ST elevations fulfilling the criteria for STEMI were included. The first ECG recorded in the emergency room was analyzed with a focus on the PR segment. The diagnoses of myopericarditis and STEMI were ascertained with clinical follow‐up together with rise in troponin levels, and in the STEMI patients also with coronary angiography. Results: In myopericarditis, the most common location for PR depression was lead II (55.9%), while this ECG finding least likely appeared in lead aVL (2.9%). PR depression in any lead had a high sensitivity (88.2%), but fairly low specificity (78.3%) for myopericarditis. The combination of PR depressions in both precordial and limb leads had the most favorable predictive power to differentiate myopericarditis from STEMI (positive 96.7% and negative power 90%). Conclusions: Our present observations show that PR segment analysis is a powerful tool in the differential diagnosis of myopericarditis and STEMI. This simple information should be added to the diagnostic workup of patients presenting with ST elevations.     

体表心电图预测下壁心肌梗塞的梗塞相关动脉

目的 探讨下壁急性心肌梗塞的初始心电图能否预测梗塞相关动脉(IRA)以及合并存在的冠状动脉病变是否会改变这种预测能力.方法 102例下壁AMI病人在入院时记录标准十二导联心电图的ST段移位情况,并在住院期间行冠状动脉造影确定IRA,分析心电图ST移位与梗塞相关动脉的关系.结果(1)双左回旋支(LCX)为IRA的病人和以右冠状动脉(RC)为IRA的病人相比,前者V_1或V_2导联ST段压低的发生率明显高于后者(分别为80%和43%,P<0.01),前者I导联ST段抬高或位于等电位线的发生率也高于后者(分别为63%和27%,P<0.05);(2)根据V_1或V_2导联ST段压低判断LCX为IRA的敏感性、特异性和阴性预测值分别为83%、56%和93%.结论 下壁AMI时V_1或V_2导联ST段压低是判断LCX作为IRA敏感指标,并具有很高的阴性预测值,合并存在的冠状动脉病变不会改变这种预测能力.     

In inferior myocardial infarction,neither ST elevation in lead V1 nor ST depression in lead I are reliable findings for the diagnosis of right ventricular infarction

Objective

In the presence of inferior myocardial infarction (MI), ST depression (STD) in lead I has been claimed to be accurate for diagnosis of right ventricular (RV) MI. We sought to evaluate this claim and also whether ST Elevation (STE) in lead V1 would be helpful, with or without STD in V2.

Prediction of acute left main coronary artery obstruction by 12-lead electrocardiography. ST segment elevation in lead aVR with less ST segment elevation in lead V(1).

OBJECTIVES: We sought to determine the electrocardiographic (ECG) features associated with acute left main coronary artery (LMCA) obstruction. BACKGROUND: Prediction of LMCA obstruction is important with regard to selecting the appropriate treatment strategy, because acute LMCA obstruction usually causes severe hemodynamic deterioration, resulting in a less favorable prognosis. METHODS: We studied the admission 12-lead ECGs in 16 consecutive patients with acute LMCA obstruction (LMCA group), 46 patients with acute left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) obstruction (LAD group) and 24 patients with acute right coronary artery (RCA) obstruction (RCA group). RESULTS: Lead aVR ST segment elevation (>0.05 mV) occurred with a significantly higher incidence in the LMCA group (88% [14/16]) than in the LAD (43% [20/46]) or RCA (8% [2/24]) groups. Lead aVR ST segment elevation was significantly higher in the LMCA group (0.16 +/- 0.13 mV) than in the LAD group (0.04 +/- 0.10 mV). Lead V(1) ST segment elevation was lower in the LMCA group (0.00 +/- 0.21 mV) than in the LAD group (0.14 +/- 0.11 mV). The finding of lead aVR ST segment elevation greater than or equal to lead V(1) ST segment elevation distinguished the LMCA group from the LAD group, with 81% sensitivity, 80% specificity and 81% accuracy. A ST segment shift in lead aVR and the inferior leads distinguished the LMCA group from the RCA group. In acute LMCA obstruction, death occurred more frequently in patients with higher ST segment elevation in lead aVR than in those with less severe elevation. CONCLUSIONS: Lead aVR ST segment elevation with less ST segment elevation in lead V(1) is an important predictor of acute LMCA obstruction. In acute LMCA obstruction, lead aVR ST segment elevation also contributes to predicting a patient's clinical outcome.     

急性心肌梗死aVR导联ST段抬高的临床意义

目的 探讨体表心电图aVR导联ST段抬高对急性心肌梗死患者梗死相关血管(IRA)诊断及临床预后的意义.方法 收集2010年10月至2012年12月因急性心肌梗死入住我院的患者共240例,根据患者入院时心电图aVR导联ST段有无抬高,分为A组(AVR导联ST段抬高)80例和B组(aVR导联ST段无抬高)160例,对两组患者临床资料、冠状动脉造影结果及主要不良心血管事件进行对比.结果 ①两组患者性别、糖尿病病史、PCI病史等一般临床资料对比差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).②两组冠状动脉造影结果比较:IRA为左主干(LM),A组9例,B组3例,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01);IRA左主干和(或)三支血管(LM/3VD),A组46例,B组15例,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).③aVR导联ST抬高对IRA为左主干的敏感性及特异性分别为75％和69％,对IRA为左主干和(或)三支病变的敏感度及特异度分别为73％和81％.④住院期间主要不良心血管事件(MACE),A组36例,B组25例,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).⑤在住院期间,aVR导联ST段抬高(OR=10.03,95％CI=5.36～18.77,P＜0.01)是急性心肌梗死患者发生不良心血管事件的独立危险因素.结论 aVR导联ST段抬高提示急性心肌梗死患者梗死相关血管为左主干和(或)三支血管病变及住院期间不良心血管事件发生率增高.aVR导联ST段抬高对急性心肌梗死患者梗死相关血管判断及临床预后具有一定的临床指导意义.     

ST‐Segment Resolution Prior to Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention Is a Poor Indicator of Coronary Artery Patency in Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction

Background: The prognostic value of ST‐segment resolution (STR) after initiation of reperfusion therapy has been established by various studies conducted in both the thrombolytic and mechanic reperfusion era. However, data regarding the value of STR immediately prior to primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) to predict infarct‐related artery (IRA) patency remain limited. We investigated whether STR prior to primary PCI is a reliable, noninvasive indicator of IRA patency in patients with ST‐segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). Methods: The study population consisted of STEMI patients who underwent primary PCI at our institution between 2000 and 2007. STR was analyzed in 12‐lead electrocardiograms recorded at first medical contact and immediately prior to primary PCI and defined as complete (≥70%), partial (70%? 30%), or absent (<30%). Results: In 1253 patients with a complete data set, STR was inversely related to the probability of impaired preprocedural flow (P_{for trend} < 0.001). Although the sensitivity of incomplete (<70%) STR to predict a Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) flow of <3 was 96%, the specificity was 23%, and the negative predictive value of incomplete STR to predict normal coronary flow was only 44%. Conclusions: This study establishes the correlation between STR prior to primary PCI and preprocedural TIMI flow in STEMI patients treated with primary PCI. However, the negative predictive value of incomplete STR for detection of TIMI‐3 flow is only 44% and therefore should not be a criterion to refrain from immediate coronary angiography in STEMI patients. Ann Noninvasive Electrocardiol 2010;15(2):107–115