Expression and cellular localization of fibrillin-1 in normal and pathological human liver

BACKGROUND: The expression and the distribution of fibrillin-1 and elastin were studied in normal and pathological human liver samples. METHODS: As controls, histologically normal/subnormal liver samples (n = 24) were used. Pathological samples corresponded to seven cirrhosis and eight hepatocellular carcinomas (HCC) developed on cirrhotic (four) or noncirrhotic (four) liver. RESULTS: In normal liver, fibrillin-1 and elastin co-localized in vessel walls and portal tract connective tissue. Fibrillin-1 alone was detected along sinusoids and in portal spaces at the interface with the limiting hepatocytic plates and close to the basement membrane of bile ducts. By transmission electron microscopy, typical bundles of microfibrils were detected both in Disse space and in portal zones. Cirrhotic nodules were usually rich in fibrillin-1 along sinusoids; fibrillin-1 and elastin were co-localized in fibrotic septa surrounding nodules. In HCC, fibrillin-1 was present between tumoral hepatocytes; stromal reaction around the tumors contained both fibrillin-1 and elastin. CONCLUSIONS: Fibrillin-1 was associated with elastin in portal mesenchyme and vessel walls of normal liver, in fibrotic septa around cirrhotic nodules and stromal reaction around HCC, but was expressed alone in the perisinusoidal space. The functional roles for fibrillin-1 in non-elastic tissues, such as the liver, remain to be elucidated.     

慢性肝炎肝窦毛细血管化的临床病理研究

目的观察慢性肝炎患者的肝窦毛细血管化与其病理改变、血清学指标相关性,以进一步探索肝窦毛细血管化在疾病诊疗中的意义。方法符合入选条件的68例慢性肝炎患者,行肝穿刺活组织病理检查,用免疫组化方法进行CD34染色,显示肝窦毛细血管化的程度。并于当日晨采血检测肝功能、肝纤维化四项,进行相关性分析。结果肝窦毛细血管化程度与血清肝功能指标中GGT明显相关（r=0.385,P〈0.01）;与血清肝纤维化指标中的HA显著相关（r=0.502,P〈0.001）;与肝组织炎症分级、纤维化分期呈正相关,与分期相关性更强（分别为r=0.426,P〈0.01;r=0.569,P〈0.001）。结论血清学肝功能指标中单独GGT异常预示存在着不断进展的肝损伤;HA是判断肝窦毛细血管化与肝纤维化的一个灵敏的无创性指标;肝窦毛细血管化可能在某种意义上加剧了肝组织炎症的进展。     

Clinicopathological and prognostic implications of endoglin （CD105） expression in hepatocellular carcinoma and its adjacent non-tumorous liver

AIM: The expression pattern of endoglin (CD105) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has not been reported so far. We hypothesized that CD105 could differentially highlight a subset of microvessels in HCC, and intratumoral microvessel density (IMVD) by CD105 immunostaining (IMVD-CD105) could provide better prognostic information than IMVD by CD34 immunostaining (IMVD-CD34). METHODS: Paraffin blocks of tumor and adjacent non-tumorous liver tissues from 86 patients who underwent curative resection of HCC were used for this study. Serial sections were stained for CD105 and CD34, respectively, to highlight the microvessels. IMVD was counted according to a standard protocol. RESULTS: In the HCC tissues, CD105 was either negatively or positively stained only in a subset of microvessels. In contrast, CD34 showed positive and more extensive microvessel staining in all cases examined. However, in the adjacent non-tumorous liver sections, CD105 showed a diffuse pattern of microvessel staining in 20 of 86 cases, while CD34 showed negative or only focal staining of the sinusoids around portal area. Correlation with clinicopathological data demonstrated that lower scores of IMVD-CD105 were found in larger sized tumors [mean 41.4/0.74 mm2 (>5 cm tumor) vs 65.9/0.74 mm2 (≤5 cm tumor), P= 0.043] and more aggressive tumors, as indicated by venous infiltration [36.8/0.74 mm2 (present) vs 64.2/0.74 mm2 (absent), P = 0.020], microsatellite nodules [35.1/0.74 mm2 (present) vs 65.9/0.74 mm2 (absent), P= 0.012], and advanced TNM tumor stage [38.8/0.74 mm2 (stage 3 or 4) vs 68.3/0.74 mm2 (stage 1 or 2), P= 0.014]. No prognostic significance was observed when median values were used as cut-off points using either IMVD-CD105 or IMVD-CD34. However, the presence of the diffuse pattern of CD105 expression in the adjacent non-tumorous liver tissues predicted a poorer disease-free survival (median 8.6 vs 21.5 mo, P= 0.026). CONCLUSION: Our data demonstrate that a lower IMVD-CD105 is associated with larger and more aggressive tumors. In this study, IMVD-CD105 did not provide significant prognostic information. However, active angiogenesis as highlighted by diffuse CD105 staining of the microvessels in the adjacent non-tumorous liver tissues is predictive of early recurrence.     

Localization of hyaluronan in human liver sinusoids: a histochemical study using hyaluronan-binding protein

Abstract: Circulating hyaluronan is mostly derived from lymph, fibroblast and Ito cells in the liver, and more than 90% of hyaluronan is degraded in hepatic sinusoidal endothelial cells. Thus, elevated serum hyaluronan is regarded as an indication of hepatic fibrosis with activated Ito cells and dysfunctional sinusoidal endothelial cells. We studied the distribution of hyaluronan in human liver sinusoids to determine the influences on elevated hyaluronan levels in sera. Histochemical examination was made using hyaluronan-binding protein (HABP) and serial sections of liver tissue for staining of alpha-smooth muscle actin (ASMA) (an indicator of activated Ito cells) and of ulex europaeus agglutinin I lectin (UEA-1) (closely related to hepatic sinusoidal capillarization). Positive staining, indicating the presence of hyaluronan, was noted in fibrous regions around the portal tracts, areas of focal necrosis in the liver parenchyma, and walls of the sinusoids in chronic hepatitis. In this group, hyaluronan-positive areas corresponded to positive ASMA staining and faint staining of UEA-1. On the contrary, in liver cirrhosis, UEA-1-positive areas were essentially identical to hyaluronan-positive areas and to ASMA-negative areas in sinusoidal walls. Hyaluronan and ASMA could be detected in the same areas of sinusoidal walls in chronic hepatitis, but not in liver cirrhosis. Hyaluronan appears to be mainly related to the staining of activated Ito cells in chronic hepatitis. Therefore, we concluded that in chronic hepatitis, the production of hyaluronan was accelerated in Ito cells; however, degradation of hyaluronan by sinusoidal endothelial cells continued. On the contrary, in liver cirrhosis, hyaluronan production decreased in Ito cells, and a marked transformation of sinusoidal endothelial cells with hepatic sinusoidal capillarization indicated loss of the ability to degrade hyaluronan. These different mechanisms in chronic hepatitis and liver cirrhosis may operate in the sinusoidal walls and may cause the elevation of hyaluronan in sera.     

肝癌、肝硬化组织中GrB、CD57、CD3阳性细胞的表达研究

目的探讨颗粒酶B(GrB)+、CD+57、CD+3细胞在原发性肝细胞癌(HCC)、癌旁、肝硬化及正常肝组织中的数量、分布及意义.方法 HCC60例、单纯性肝硬化62例、正常肝组织23例,以免疫组化SP法进行GrB、CD57、CD3染色,对阳性细胞数进行定量分析.结果①各组GrB+细胞平均数从高到低为癌旁、HCC、正常肝、肝硬化(P＜0.05);各组CD+57细胞平均数从高到低为HCC、癌旁、正常肝、肝硬化(P＜0.05);各组CD+3细胞平均数从高到低为癌旁、HCC、肝硬化、正常肝(P＜0.05).②HCC中CrB+细胞、CD+57细胞、CD+3细胞与组织学分级均无明显关系.③HCC中CrB+细胞、CD+57细胞随临床分期的发展有下降趋势(P＜0.05);HCC中CD+3细胞平均数与临床TNM分期无关.④HCC中15月内有转移组的CrB+、CD+57、CD+3细胞数均少于无转移组(P＜0.01).结论 GrB+、CD+57、CD+3细胞可作为反映机体抗肿瘤特异性细胞免疫状态及判断预后的重要指标.     

丙型肝炎病毒核心抗原转位表达抑制肝(癌)细胞

目的探讨丙型肝炎病毒核心抗原的转位表达与肝（癌）细胞凋亡的关系及其意义．方法采用免疫组织化学方法检测ＨＣＶ核心区抗原Ｃ２２在肝硬变（ＬＣ）、肝细胞肝癌（ＨＣＣ）组织中的分布;同时对连续切片进行原位凋亡检测并计算凋亡指数．结果ＨＣＶ核心区抗原定位于肝细胞或肝癌细胞的胞质或胞核中,在ＬＣ组织中,Ｃ２２呈弥漫或灶状分布于肝细胞胞质,偶见胞核阳性的肝细胞,阳性率为６０７％;Ｃ２２抗原在ＨＣＣ细胞中以核阳性分布为主,阳性率为３７６％,癌旁肝组织以胞质阳性为多见．ＨＣＣ中ＨＣＶ核心抗原的核阳性率（７５０％,１５例／２０例）和阳性细胞数明显高于其在ＬＣ（１７７％,６例／３４例）及癌旁肝组织（１１８％,２例／１７例）中的阳性率（Ｐ＜００５）和阳性细胞数．在ＨＣＣ中,ＨＣＶ核心抗原核转位表达的癌组织的ＡＰＯＰＬＩ凋亡指数值（０１７４±００９３）显著低于胞质阳性的癌组织（０５１２±０１１３,Ｐ＜００１）．结论ＨＣＶ感染与我国ＬＣ,ＨＣＣ的发生关系密切,ＨＣＶ核心抗原在肝癌组织中常发生核转位表达,这种核转位表达使肿瘤细胞凋亡受到抑制,从而促进肿瘤组织的恶性生长．     

A morphometric and immunohistochemical study to assess the benefit of a sustained virological response in hepatitis C virus patients with cirrhosis

Although annular fibrosis is the hallmark of cirrhosis, other microscopic changes that affect liver function such as sinusoid capillarization or loss of metabolic zonation are common. A sustained virological response (SVR) may halt fibrosis deposition in hepatitis C virus (HCV)-infected patients, but its impact on the other cirrhosis-associated lesions is unknown. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of an SVR on cirrhosis-related histopathological features. Paired pre- and posttreatment liver biopsies from 38 HCV patients with cirrhosis with an SVR were analyzed. Fibrosis was staged using the METAVIR scoring system, and the area of fibrosis was measured using morphometry. Ductular proliferation, metabolic zonation, sinusoid capillarization, and hepatic stellate cell activation were assessed by anti-cytokeratin-7, anti-glutamine synthetase (GS), anti-cytochrome P4502E1 (CYP2E1), anti-CD34, and anti α-smooth muscle actin (αSMA). After 61 months from an SVR, cirrhosis regression was observed in 61%, and the collagen content decreased in 89%. Although periportal and lobular necroinflammation vanished, portal inflammation persisted in 66%. Ductular proliferation decreased in 92%. Before treatment, metabolic zonation was lost, as shown by GS and CYP2E1, in 71% and 88%, respectively, with normalization in 79% and 73%, after an SVR. Conversely, no changes in sinusoidal capillarization were observed after treatment, as assessed by CD34 (P = 0.41) and αSMA (P = 0.95). Finally, no differences in all the immunohistochemical scores emerged whether or not cirrhosis persisted. CONCLUSION: Cirrhosis regression and decreased fibrosis are frequently observed among HCV patients with cirrhosis with an SVR. Despite ductular proliferation vanishing and lobular zonation restoration, portal inflammation and sinusoidal capillarization may not regress after viral eradication.     

Des-gamma-carboxyprothrombin in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma and liver cirrhosis

OBJECTIVES: To ascertain serum and tissue expression of des‐gamma‐carboxyprothrombin (DCP) in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and liver cirrhosis and clarify the relationship between DCP expression and prognosis. METHODS: Expression of DCP in tissues was evaluated with immunohistochemical staining using anti‐DCP antibody in 74 patients with a single primary HCC nodule and liver cirrhosis. Their serum DCP levels were determined using an enzyme immunoassay with a double antibody sandwich system. RESULTS: Positive DCP expression in cancerous and non‐cancerous tissues was related to a worse prognosis for patients with HCC and liver cirrhosis. The combined evaluation of tissue DCP expression and serum DCP level showed that prognosis was the worst for patients with positive tissue DCP expression and a high serum DCP level. Univariate analysis indicated that a lower 5‐year survival rate was significantly correlated with positive tissue DCP expression, a high serum DCP level and the combined factor of positive tissue DCP expression and a high serum DCP level. Multivariate analysis indicated that the combined factor of positive tissue DCP expression and a high serum DCP level was a significant prognostic factor. CONCLUSION: The combined evaluation of tissue DCP expression and serum DCP level is more useful than either factor alone in predicting prognosis for patients with HCC and liver cirrhosis.     

Protein content of liver lymph in patients with portal hypertension secondary to hepatic cirrhosis.

Protein content of liver lymph was measured in 14 patients with portal hypertension secondary to advanced hepatic cirrhosis. An abnormally low concentration was found in each patient, averaging 52% of plasma levels. This finding reflects a decreased sinusoidal permeability to protein, the possible effect of "capillarization of the sinusoid" and may bear on development of portal congestion.     

Expression of vascular endothelial-cadherin in human hepatocellular carcinoma tissues

Aim: Angiogenesis is important in tumor growth and progression to metastasis. Vascular endothelial (VE)-cadherin is an endothelial cell-specific cadherin required for angiogenesis, but its expression in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) tissues has not been examined. Methods: Expression of VE-cadherin was analyzed in 31 HCC frozen tissue specimens by immunohistochemical and immunoelectron microscopic procedures. In addition, the association of its expression with clinicopathological parameters was investigated to determine the possible diagnostic or predictive value of VE-cadherin expression in neoplastic and non-neoplastic liver lesions. Results: Immunoreactive VE-cadherin expression was faint or barely detectable on sinusoidal endothelial cells of normal liver but was evident on sinusoidal or capillary endothelium of chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis, and HCC tissues. VE-cadherin expression was more intense on capillary endothelium of HCC tissues in 26 (84%) of 31 patients than on sinusoidal endothelium of surrounding non-tumorous liver tissues with chronic liver diseases. The intensity or intracapillary extent of positive stain for VE-cadherin on capillary endothelium of HCC tissues was significantly associated with tumor size, capsular invasion and tumor cell differentiation in HCC. Conclusions: Intense VE-cadherin expression was evident in capillary endothelium of HCC tissues, giving the first indication of association with clinicopathological features of HCC patients.     

Histochemical properties of vascular and sinusoidal endothelial cells in liver diseases.

Liver biopsy specimens with or without liver diseases were examined immunohistochemically to determine the distribution of endothelial cell markers, factor VIII-related antigen (FVIII-RAg). Ulex europaeus agglutinin I (UEA-I) lectin and PAL-E. We also investigated the localization of laminin, a component of the basement membrane. In normal livers, FVIII-RAg, UEA-I and laminin were negative in sinusoidal endothelial cells, but positive in blood vascular endothelia of the portal area. The antigen detected by PAL-E was distributed in venous endothelial cells. PAL-E did not label endothelial cells of the artery. In the lobule, immunoreactivity with PAL-E was weakly detected only in some sinusoids of the periportal area. In chronic active hepatitis and liver cirrhosis, FVIII-RAg and UEA-I stained endothelial cells of neovasculatures in the enlarged portal areas of the fibrous septum surrounding pseudolobules. Some sinusoidal endothelial cells in cirrhotic livers were reactive to UEA-I and FVIII-RAg, whereas PAL-E-positive cells were found rarely in the pseudolobules. In carcinomatous sinusoidal endothelial cells, FVIII-RAg, UEA-I and PAL-E were strongly stained. Laminin underlay these carcinomatous sinusoids. These suggest capillarization of sinusoids in hepatocellular carcinoma. The histochemical approach using endothelial cell markers could be a practical tool in the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma.     

γ-谷氨酰转移酶mRNA亚型对肝细胞癌变的监测

目的 探讨γ-谷氨酰转移酶（GGT）mRNA亚型的转化与原发性肝癌（HCC）发生的关系,寻找肝癌早期诊断的新方法。方法 以逆转录聚合酶链反应方法检测正常对照组、非癌肝病组、肝癌组及肝转移癌肝组织及外周血的3种GGTmRNA亚型(A、B、C亚型)。结果 正常肝纤维、非癌肝病的肝组织及肝转移癌癌周组织主要的GGTmRNA类型为A亚型,肝癌组织、癌旁组织及远癌组织GGTmRNA-B亚型的阳性率显著高于正常肝脏及非癌肝癌的肝组织（P＜0．05）,癌组织GGT mRNA-A亚型阳性率明显低于正常对照及非癌肝病组（P＜0．05）。在26例HCC中有12例外周血中检出GGTmRNA-B亚型,甲胎蛋白阴性的10例HCC中有5例检出GGTmRNA-B亚型。结论 GGT mRNA亚型转化与肝癌发生有密切关系,分析GGT基因可望成为监测肝细胞癌变的灵敏方法。     

肝细胞肝癌癌组织及癌旁肝组织中HCVNS5蛋白的检测

为了解肝细胞肝癌（ＨＣＣ）患者丙型肝炎病毒（ＨＣＶ）感染状况，应用免疫组织化学方法以单克隆鼠抗－ＨＣＶＮＳ５检测了一组ＨＣＣ患者癌组织和癌旁肝组织中ＨＣＶ表达情况。结果：６４例ＨＣＣ患者癌旁肝组织中，共检出ＨＣＶＮＳ５阳性３０例（４６．９），阳性信号位于癌细胞和癌直细胞胞浆中，阳性细胞多呈弥漫或簇状分布；３０例ＨＣＶＮＳ５呈阳性的标本中，７例只于癌直细胞中检出，１２例只存在于癌组织中，另１１例癌旁     

CD34与CD117在人肝癌组织中的表达及其临床意义

目的 研究肝细胞肝癌组织中CD34与CD117的表达情况,探讨其与临床病理的关系及其对肝细胞肝癌(HCC)患者预后的评价.方法 应用免疫组织化学PV-9000二步法检测55例HCC组织标本中CD34和CD117的表达,并与临床病理学指标和术后无瘤生存期进行比较分析,对照组为肝硬化组织10例,正常肝组织6例.采用SPSS16.0统计分析软件对CD34和CD117表达结果及与临床病理参数的关系进行Fisher精确检验,Pearson χ2检验,Kaplan-Meier生存分析,Log-Rank检验,Cox回归模型分析等检验.结果 CD34在HCC组、肝硬化组和正常肝组织组表达阳性率分别为65.4%、20.0%和16.7%,HCC组织中的阳性率大于肝硬化组织(P=0.012)及正常肝组织组(P=0.031),差异有统计学意义.但正常肝组织组与肝硬化组比较,差异无统计学意义.CD34表达在HCC组中与脉管瘤栓、中瘤分化程度有密切相关性,χ2值分别为4.000和11.008,P值分别为0.046和0.001.CD117在HCC组、肝硬化组和正常肝组织组表达阳性率分别为47.3%、10%和0,HCC组阳性率大于肝硬化组(P=0.037)及正常肝组织(P=0.033),差异无统计学意义.但正常肝组织与肝硬化组比较,差异无统计学意义.CD117表达在HCC组中与肿瘤分化程度、肿瘤分期有相关性,χ2值分别为5.115和15.459,P值分别为0.024和0.000.HCC组CD34阳性组及CD34阴性组的中位无瘤生存时间分别为17个月和19个月,CD34阳性组较CD34阴性组无瘤生存时间缩短,χ2=4.105,P=0.043,差异有统计学意义.CD117阳性组及CD117阴性组的中位无瘤生存时间分别为12个月和19个月,CD117阳性组的无瘤生存时间较CD117阴性组也明显缩短,χ2=28.023,P=0.000,差异有统计学意义.COX多因素分析显示CD117表达、血清甲胎蛋白水平及肿瘤大小是HCC患者术后2年无瘤生存时间的独立预后因素.结论 CD34与CD117可能在HCC发生、发展过程中具有重要作用,有望成为判断预后的指标.     

The expression of ras p21 product in hepatocellular carcinoma]

To elucidate the cell biological significance of ras oncogene, the expression of ras-p21 was analyzed in 53 cases of liver tissues including 34 cases of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), by using immunohistochemical method. In result, 22 (65%) cases of 34 HCC and 34 (79%) cases of 43 liver cirrhosis were positive for p21, whereas all of chronic hepatitis and normal livers were negative. Especially, comparative study between the expression of p21 and clinicopathological background of HCC revealed that p21 was prominently expressed in well differentiated form, nodular type, small liver cancer, and the cases showing AFP levels below 400 ng/ml. From these results, it was indicated that ras oncogene might play an important role in malignant transformation of hepatocytes or differentiation of HCC.     

人肝癌组织特异性GGTmRNA亚型表达的研究

目的　探讨γ-谷氨酰转移酶 ( GGT) m RNA亚型转化与肝癌发生的关系。方法　采用 RT-PCR方法检测正常肝组织、良性肝病肝组织、肝癌组织、癌旁组织、远癌组织及肝转移癌癌周组织中三种 GGTm RNA亚型 ( F、H、P亚型 )的表达情况。结果　正常肝组织主要的 GGTm RNA类型为 F亚型 ,良性肝病及肝转移癌癌周组织亦以 F亚型为主 ;肝癌组织、癌旁组织及远癌组织 H亚型的阳性率显著高于正常肝脏及良性肝病肝组织 ( P<0 .0 5) ;肝癌组织 F亚型阳性率明显低于正常及良性肝病肝组织 ( P<0 .0 5)。结论　 GGTm RNA亚型转化与肝癌发生有密切关系 ;GGT基因检测为判断肝细胞癌变的灵敏方法     

肝癌组织中DNA甲基转移酶基因表达的分析

目的分析肝癌患者癌组织、癌旁组织、肝硬化组织中甲基转移酶（DNMT）基因的表达情况。方法应用荧光定量PCR（FQ-PCR）检测44例分期及分化程度不同的肝癌患者癌组织、癌旁组织和35例肝硬化组织中DNMT基因mRNA的表达水平。不同组间DNMT表达水平的差异采用ANOVA分析。结果与癌旁组织相比,癌组织及肝硬化组织中4种DNMTs mRNA表达水平均高于相应癌旁组织;肝硬化组织及癌组织中DNMT1的平均表达水平明显高于癌旁组织（癌组织P〈0.01、肝硬化组织P=0.02）;DNMT2水平虽比相应组织高,但没有统计学意义（癌组织P=0.12、肝硬化组织P=0.35）;DNMT3A与DNMT3B的表达水平也明显高于相应癌旁组织（DNMT3A：癌组织P〈0.01、肝硬化组织P=0.01;DNMT3B：癌组织P=0.03、肝硬化组织P〈0.05）。不同年龄、性别、分化程度和分级肝癌中DNMT1、DNMT2、DNMT3A、DNMT3B表达水平差异无统计学意义（P=0.23、0.45、0.32、0.36）。结论肝癌患者癌组织及硬化组织中DNMT1、DNMT3A和DNMT3B mRNA明显高于癌旁组织;DNMT表达与肝癌发生或发展可能有关。     

Fibrogenic cell phenotype modifications during remodelling of normal and pathological human liver in cultured slices

Background: The debate concerning the potential remodelling and/or reversibility of cirrhotic lesions and biliary fibrosis is still open. Aims/Methods: In this work, we have used the precision‐cut liver slice (PCLS) model, which maintains cell–cell and cell–matrix interactions to study, by immunohistochemistry, the behaviour of the different fibrogenic cells, i.e. hepatic stellate cells (HSC) and portal fibroblasts, in cultured (for 1 week) PCLS derived from normal and fibrotic human livers. Results: In normal liver, before and after culture, α‐smooth muscle (SM) actin was present only in the vessel walls. Platelet‐derived growth factor (PDGF) receptor‐β was expressed before and after culture by portal fibroblasts, and appeared after culture in HSC. Before culture, CD 34 was not expressed in parenchyma, but appeared after culture in sinusoidal endothelial cells. In cirrhotic lesions, before culture, α‐SM actin, PDGF receptor‐β and Thy‐1 were expressed in septa; after culture, α‐SM actin expression disappeared but the expression of the PDGF receptor‐β and Thy‐1 was maintained. In cholestatic liver specimens, α‐SM actin, PDGF receptor‐β and Thy‐1 expression, which was present before culture in enlarged portal areas, disappeared after culture, and apoptosis was detected. In the parenchyma of both cirrhotic and cholestatic livers, the expression of the PDGF receptor‐β and of CD 34, which was not observed before culture, was present in HSC and sinusoidal endothelial cells, respectively, after culture. Conclusions: These results indicate that during remodelling of pathological tissues in cultured liver slices, the myofibroblastic cells derived from HSC or from portal fibroblasts show different behaviours, suggesting different mechanisms of activation/deactivation.     

四氯化碳诱导的肝纤维化大鼠肝窦毛细血管化的形成

目的：观察四氯化碳（CCl4）诱导的大鼠肝纤维化过程中肝窦毛细血管化的形成过程,探讨其与肝纤维化的关系。方法32只清洁级雄性SD大鼠,随机分为正常对照组,肝纤维化模型组,正常对照组大鼠腹腔注射0．9％氯化钠溶液2 mL/kg ,模型组大鼠腹腔注射50％ CCl4-蓖麻油混合液2 mL/kg ,每周2次,共8周;分别于造模第2、4、6、8周处死大鼠,观察肝组织炎症及纤维化程度,放射免疫法检测血清中透明质酸（HA）的含量,透射电镜观察肝窦窦壁结构,S-P 免疫组织化学检测各组大鼠肝组织CD31、层黏连蛋白（LN）、IV型胶原（Col-IV）的表达。结果肝脏组织学证实CCl4诱导的大鼠肝纤维化模型构建成功,6周可见纤维间隔形成;透射电镜显示,CCl4诱导2周时,部分肝窦内皮细胞（liver sinusoidal endothelial cells ,LSEC）窗孔减少,内皮下未见基底膜（Basement membrane,BM）,随着造模的进程,LSEC 窗孔进一步减少,部分甚至消失,第6、8周时局部肝窦内皮下形成连续的BM。同时,随着肝纤维化的进程,HA浓度逐渐升高,肝窦内皮细胞表面标志物CD31及基底膜主要成分Col-IV、LN表达逐渐增强。结论在CCl4诱导大鼠肝纤维化过程中,肝窦毛细血管化是逐渐形成的,LSEC失窗孔早于纤维间隔的形成,而肝窦内皮下基底膜出现在纤维间隔形成以后。