腺苷对葡萄膜黑色素细胞和葡萄膜黑色素瘤细胞增殖的影响

目的探讨腺苷受体在正常人葡萄膜黑色素细胞和葡萄膜黑色素瘤细胞中的表达以及腺苷对其细胞增殖能力的影响。方法体外培养正常人葡萄膜黑色素细胞（U95）和葡萄膜黑色素瘤细胞（$65）,采用Real—timePCR检测4种不同亚型腺苷受体（、A1、A2A、A2B、A3）mRNA在U95和S65中的表达情况。以0、0．1、1、10和100μmol／L的腺苷分别作用U95和S65细胞24h和48h后,采用MTT法检测细胞光密度值和抑制率,分析不同时间、不同浓度的腺苷对U95和S65增殖能力的影响。对上述所得数据进行单因素方差分析或独立样本t检验。结果U95和S65细胞中4种类型腺苷受体A1、A2A、A3的mRNA均有表达。在U95细胞中,A1、A孙A2B、A3受体mRNA表达值分别为1．32±0．47、0．28±0．05、1．03±0．10、0．20±0．07,四者之间差异有统计学意义（F=15．90,P〈0．01）,A1和A2B的mRNA表达水平相似,且明显高于A2A和凡的表达;在$65细胞中,A1、A2A、A3气受体mRNA表达值分别为1．03±0．27、2．23±0．35、127．34±18．69、0．17±0．07,四者之间差异有统计学意义（F=163．20,P〈0．01）,A2HmRNA表达水平明显高于其他3种腺苷受体亚型。A2A和A。在S65中的表达明显高于其在U95中的表达量（A2A：t=9．35,P〈0．0l;A2B2Bt=11．43,P〈0．01）。作用时间24h,0．1、1、10和100μmol／L腺苷对S65细胞的抑制率分别为3．47％、14．93％、19．79％和26．04％：作用时间48h,各浓度腺苷对S65细胞的抑制率分别为11．43％、23．10％、34．76％和46．67％;随着腺苷浓度的增高,S65细胞的增殖受到明显的抑制,呈现明显的浓度效应依赖关系。而腺苷对U95细胞的增殖无明显影响。结论腺苷能够明显抑制葡萄膜黑色素瘤细胞的增殖,但不影响正常葡萄膜黑色素细胞的生长。腺苷和／或腺苷受体激动剂也许可以作为一种新的药物用于葡萄膜黑色素瘤的治疗。     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book reviewed in this article: The Cornea; Scientific Foundations and Clinical Practice By G Smolin G and RA Thoft. Conducting Clinical Trials: By F. Iber, W.A. Riley and P.J. Murray. Experimental Psychology and Statistics: By Andrew J. Tilley Dictionary of Optometry: By Michel Millodot Visual Neuroscience: J D and Pettigrew, K J Sanderson W R Levick (Editors). Advances in Diagnostic Visual Optics: A Fiorentini, D L Guyton, I M Siege1 (Editors) Human Ophthalmic Pathology: A Short Practice: By A O Jensen     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book reviewed in this article:
RETINAL AND CHORIORETINAL PATHOLOGY :Edited by A. Nee tens
1982 YEAR BOOK OF OPHTHALMOLOGY :Edited by J. Terry Ernest
ATLAS OF STRABISMUS :Gunter K. Von Noorden
A BIOGRAPHY OF THE EYE. Development, growth, age :R. A. Weak
DIAGNOSIS AND THERAPY OF THE GLAUCOMAS :Allan E. Kolker MD and John Hetherington Jr MD
VITREOUS MICROSURGERY :Steve Charles MD.
EXTRACAPSULAR CATARACT SURGERY :Jared M. Emery and David J. McIntyre
INTRAOCULAR LENS IMPLANTATION TECHNIQUES AND COMPLICATIONS :H. M. Clayman, N. S. Jaffe and M. A. Galin     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book reviewed in this article: Book reviews in this Article: Facilitating Treatment Adherence: A practitioners guidebook: Meichenbaum D and lbck DC A Handbook for Medical Teachers: D Newble and R Cannon. Manual of Clinical Problems in Ophthalmology: J W Gittinger and G K Asdourian Advances in Diagnostic Visual Opticals: A Fiorentini, DL Guyton, IM Siege1 (Editors)     

Labial adenocarcinoma after treatment with cyclosporin a in a patient with panuveitis

PURPOSE: To report a case of labial basal cell adenocarcinoma in a patient with uveitis on treatment with cyclosporin A. METHOD: Case report. A 73-year-old woman with panuveitis and retinal vasculitis presented with a lump on her lip after 52 months of treatment with cyclosporin A. RESULT: Excision biopsy showed a labial adenocarcinoma. CONCLUSION: Malignancy can occur after long-term cyclosporin A treatment for uveitis.     

Book Reviews

Book reviewed in this article:
Ocular Pathology: A Color Atlas: Myron Yanoff, Ben S. Fine.
Glaucoma—A Colour Manual of Diagnosis and Treatment: Jack J. Kanski, James A. McAllister
Ophthalmology. A Diagnostic Text.: William H. Coles.
Intraocular Lenses. Evolution, Design, Complications and Pathology: R.F. Apple, M.C. Kincaid, N. Mamalis R.J. Olson.
Becker—Shaffer's Diagnosis and Therapy of the Glaucomas: H. Dunbar Hoskins Jr. and Michael Kass. 6th ed.
1989 Year Book of Ophthalmology: Peter R. Laibson, ed.     

Prothrombin polymorphism A19911G,factor V HR2 haplotype A4070G,and plasminogen activator-inhibitor-1 polymorphism 4G/5G and the risk of retinal vein occlusion

Background: Thus far, no data has become available to evaluate systematically the prevalences of prothrombin polymorphism A19911G (PT A19911G), factor V HR2 haplotype A4070G (FV A4070G), or plasminogen activator-inhibitor-1 polymorphism 4G/5G (PAI-1 4G/5G) in patients who develop retinal vein occlusion (RVO) without cardiovascular risk factors.

Materials and methods: We retrospectively evaluated comprehensive thrombophilia data from 42 preselected RVO patients without cardiovascular risk factors. The prevalences of different gene mutations and polymorphisms including factor V Leiden mutation G1691A (FVL), FV A4070G, prothrombin mutation G20210A, PT A19911G, and PAI-1 4G/5G were compared with 241 healthy controls matched for age and sex.

Results: A total of 20 patients (47.7%) were found to carry thrombophilic gene polymorphisms including FVL, FV A4070G, and homozygous PT A19911G compared with 72 of 241 controls (29.9%; p = 0.03). Subgroup analysis of patients with a significant personal or family history of thromboembolism revealed a high prevalence of FVL, FV A4070G, and homozygous PT A19911G (p = 0.005). FV A4070G was found to be significantly associated with at least two other heterozygous or one homozygous gene polymorphisms (p = 0.02). Multivariate analysis revealed the presence of FVL (p = 0.0017) and homozygous PT A19911G (p = 0.03) polymorphism as independent risk factors for the development of RVO.

Conclusions: Our results indicate that in selected RVO patients screening for thrombophilic gene polymorphisms including FVL, FV A4070G and homozygous PT G19911A may be helpful in a high percentage of cases. Our findings suggest that hereditary thrombophilia associated with RVO is more likely to be multigenic than caused by any single risk factor.     

Book Reviews

Book reviewed in this article:
Strabismus and Amblyopia Wenner-Gren International Symposium Series; Vol 49 : Edited by G. Lennerstrand, G. K. von Noorden and E. C. Campos
Retinal Detachment: Diagnosis and Management : W. E. Benson J. B. Lippincott
Perspectives in Glaucoma. Transactions of First Scientific Meeting of the American Glaucoma Society : M. Bruce Shields, Irvin P. Pollack and Allan E. Kolker
A Colour Atlas of Contact Lenses and Prosthetics : Montague Ruben
Glaucoma. A Colour Manual of Diagnosis and Treatment : Jack J. Kanski and James A. McAllister
Clinical Atlas of Peripheral Retinal Disorders : Keith M. Zinn, Illustrated by David A. Tilden     

奥曲肽体外对黑色素瘤细胞株A375分泌VEGF的影响

目的:了解奥曲肽对体外培养黑色素瘤细胞株A375的影响。方法:体外培养扩增A375细胞,分别与浓度为5,1,0.2,0mg/L的奥曲肽共培养24,48,72h,利用MTT法测定各组奥曲酞对A375细胞增殖作用的影响,通过ELISA法测定奥曲酞对A375细胞分泌VEGF作用的影响。结果:共培养24h后,奥曲酞对A375细胞增殖有显著促进作用(F=14.180,P=0.00),48h及72h增殖作用不明显;奥曲酞浓度及作用时间对体外培养的A375细胞分泌的VEGF含量有显著性影响(浓度因素:F=24.441,P=0.00;时间因素:F=127.233,P=0.00),各浓度的奥曲酞与A375细胞共培养后24h均呈现明显的增加细胞分泌VEGF的作用,浓度越高增加的越少(单向方差分析F=19.489,P=0.00);随着作用时间的延长,细胞分泌VEGF减少,72h各浓度的奥曲酞均明显抑制A375细胞分泌VEGF,浓度越高抑制作用越明显(单向方差分析F=16.116,P=0.002)。结论:奥曲肽对黑色素瘤细胞A375分泌VEGF长期的趋势上是抑制作用,与时间和剂量呈依赖关系。     

不同联合手术方式治疗增生性糖尿病视网膜病变的有效性及并发症

目的:评价不同的联合手术方式治疗增生性糖尿病视网膜病变患者的有效性及并发症.方法:回顾性分析PDR患者72例82眼的临床资料.根据手术联合方式不同,分为A组28眼,行玻璃体切割术,同期联合白内障超声乳化术及人工晶状体植入术;B组24眼,行玻璃体腔注射康柏西普及玻璃体切割术,同期联合白内障超声乳化术及人工晶状体植入术;C组30眼,Ⅰ期行玻璃体切割术,Ⅱ期行硅油取出联合白内障超声乳化术及人工晶状体植入术.观察3组术后最佳矫正视力(BCVA)及并发症情况.结果:术后随访6~12mo.A组、B组、C组的术后平均LogMAR BCVA分别为1.007±0.455、1.000±0.482、1.033±0.531,3组较术前均有较明显的提高,差异有统计学意义(t=5.666、5.113、5.496,P<0.05).A组、B组和C组的术后BCVA比较,差异无统计学意义(F=1.670,P=0.195).术后并发症:A组发生前房渗出性反应6眼,一过性高眼压5眼,黄斑水肿1眼,新生血管性青光眼2眼,玻璃体再出血2眼;B组发生一过性高眼压4眼,玻璃体再出血1眼.C组发生前房渗出性反应1眼,一过性高眼压10眼,玻璃体再出血3眼.3组间前房渗出性反应的发生率差异有统计学意义(χ2=7.556,P=0.008),A组与B组两两比较,差异有统计学意义(χ2=5.814,P=0.016);A组与C组两两比较,差异无统计学意义(χ2=4.469,P=0.035).其他并发症的发生率在3组间差异均无统计意义(P>0.05).结论:两种联合方式均可较早恢复患者视力,避免再次行白内障手术.同期联合方式与二期联合方式相比,术中观察眼底清晰,便于后节操作;同期联合方式前房渗出性反应较重,玻璃体腔注射康柏西普能减轻同期联合方式的前房渗出性反应.     

Book Reviews

Book Reviews in this article:
Clinical Optics A. R. Elkington and H. J. Frank
Vascular Disorders of the Ocular Fundus: A Colour Manual of Diagnosis . Rodney H. B. Grey
Clinical Ophthalmology: A Self-assessment Guide . P. Watts     

Book Reviews

Book reviewed in this article:
A Practical Guide to Cataract and Lens Implant Surgery: R. S. Bartholomew
Neuro-ophthalmology: Clinical Signs and Symptoms: Thomas J. Wulsh
Vision and Aging: General and Clinical Perspectives: Edited by A. A. Rosenbloom and M. W Morgan
A Textbook of Clinical Ophthalmology: R. Pitts Crick and R. B. Trimble     

一种新的反应性AC/A测量方法

目的 :通过分析 6 5位大学生的反应性AC/A测量方法和结果 ,探讨和评价一种新的反应性AC/A测量方法及其在研究迟发性近视发生发展中的作用。方法 :在Jiang和JaneGwiazda的反应性AC/A测量方法的原理基础上 ,逐步改进设备和方法 ,设计出测量方法。先选取 5位大学生进行预实验 ,每位都以同样的方法进行两次测量 ,两次结果无差别 (P >0 .0 5 )。然后用此方法测量计算出 6 5位大学生 (正视组 2 0位、迟发性近视组 4 5位 )的反应性AC/A值。结果 :迟发性近视组的反应性AC/A值均比正视组高 ,两者差别有非常显著性 (P <0 .0 1)。结论 :此测量方法所用的装置简单且部分可自制 ,测量方法设计合理 ,结果误差小 ,是研究近视发生发展机制的一种很好的方法 ,可以推广应用。测量反应性AC/A值在研究迟发性近视发生发展机制中起着重要的作用。     

Ultra Q:YAG与传统Nd:YAG激光玻璃体消融术治疗飞蚊症的疗效比较

目的：通过观察Ultra Q：YAG玻璃体消融术治疗飞蚊症的长期效果,评价Ultra Q：YAG较传统Nd：YAG激光的治疗优势。

方法：回顾性分析2018-05/2020-01于我院确诊为玻璃体混浊并接受激光玻璃体消融术治疗的112例130眼患者的临床资料。所有患者均接受了激光玻璃体消融术治疗,根据不同治疗方法分为A、B两组,A组(60例70眼)接受Ultra Q：YAG玻璃体消融术治疗; B组(52例60眼)接受传统Nd：YAG激光治疗。根据患者玻璃体混浊的形态将A、B组各分为两亚组：其中A1组45例52眼和B1组30例38眼,玻璃体混浊形态多为Weiss环、絮状、致密膜状; A2组15例18眼和B2组22例22眼,玻璃体混浊形态多为细点状、丝状、网状。比较治疗前后的BCVA,治疗次数差异及主觉症状改善情况。

结果：BCVA：治疗前A1组和A2组、B1组和B2组、A组和B组均无差异(P>0.05); A组和B组在治疗后2wk,1mo时均有差异(P<0.001),A1组和A2组在治疗后1、6、12mo均有差异(P=0.019、0.042、<0.001)。A组患者治疗后的主觉症状改善程度优于B组(P=0.006)。A1组治疗后的主觉症状改善程度优于A2组(P<0.001)。Ultra Q：YAG比传统Nd：YAG激光所需的激光治疗次数少(P<0.001)。同一种激光方法,不同玻璃体混浊形态,治疗次数无差异(P>0.05)。

结论：Ultra Q：YAG较传统Nd：YAG激光进行玻璃体消融治疗飞蚊症,更易于操作、更安全、具有更好的主觉症状改善,尤其是对于伴有Weiss环、絮状、致密膜状混浊物的患者。     

Bilateral optic neuropathy after bone marrow transplantation and cyclosporin A therapy

Background: Cyclosporin A (CsA) is widely used as a prophylactic and therapeutic agent against graft-versus-host disease after bone marrow transplantation. Under this condition optic neuropathy has been found and considered as a possible side effect of cyclosporin A. Case report: A 52-year-old man presented with bilateral optic disc swelling and visual loss 6 months after bone marrow transplantation. Cyclosporin A was the only medication with a known neurotoxic side effect. After cessation of cyclosporin A and treatment with oral prednisone, vision improved within 2 months. Optic disc swelling ameliorated within 6 months but partial optic atrophy developed. Discussion: Cyclosporin A given after bone marrow transplantation may have caused bilateral optic neuropathy in our patient. Microangiopathy of the optic nerve may be the pathogenetic mechanism. Received: 18 May 1999 Revised: 3 November 1999 Accepted: 4 November 1999     

A novel PHOX2A/ARIX mutation in an Iranian family with congenital fibrosis of extraocular muscles type 2 (CFEOM2)

PURPOSE: To describe the clinical features of two affected members of an Iranian family with autosomal recessive congenital fibrosis of the extraocular muscles (CFEOM2) and to report their novel mutation in the PHOX2A/ARIX gene. DESIGN: Experimental study. METHODS: Setting: Institutional practice. patient population:Six members of an Iranian family with CFEOM underwent complete ocular examinations including assessment of ocular motility, visual acuity, slit-lamp biomicroscopy, tonometry, and ophthalmoscopy. Experimental procedure: Mutation analysis of the PHOX2A gene was performed using polymerase chain reaction amplification of the coding exons and direct sequencing of polymerase chain reaction products. Main outcome measure: Presence or absence of mutation in PHOX2A gene in two siblings with exotropia and recessive CFEOM. Exotropia and ptosis were corrected surgically in one of the two siblings. RESULTS: The two affected siblings had bilateral ptosis and exotropia and severe limitation of all extraocular movements. One patient underwent strabismus surgery and ptosis repair. PHOX2A mutation analysis revealed a novel nonsense mutation in exon 2 (439C-->T). Both parents and the unaffected siblings were heterozygous,and the two affected siblings were homozygous for this mutation. CONCLUSIONS: The 439C-->T mutation in this family changes a glutamine to a stop codon (Q90X) at the beginning of the PHOX2A homeodomain region. This is the fourth CFEOM2 mutation in PHOX2A and the first nonsense mutation to be identified. It confirms PHOX2A as the autosomal recessive CFEOM2 disease gene and provides evidence that the phenotypic differences between PHOX2A mutations in man and mouse do not result from hypomorphic PHOX2A alleles in humans.     

Book Reviews

Book reviewed in this article:
Physics for Ophthalmologists Douglas J Coster, editor
Colour Atlas of Ophthalmic Surgery Retinal Surgery and Ocular Trauma Kenneth W Wright (Editor-in-Chief), William E Smiddy, Donald A Frambach, Lawrence P Chong.
Anterior Segment Complications of Contact Lens Wear Joel A Silbert. New York: Churchill Livingstone, 1994
Retina: The Fundamentals Gloria Wu, MD Philadelphia: W B Saunders, 1995
Colour Atlas of Ophthalmic Plastic Surgery A G Tyers and J R 0 Collin, Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone, 1995     

多巴胺D2受体和腺苷A2A受体在人视网膜色素上皮细胞表达的研究

目的探讨正常人眼视网膜色素上皮（RPE）细胞多巴胺D2受体和腺苷A2A受体表达情况。方法采用已建立的RPE细胞的分离和培养方法建立细胞株。取传3—4代生长良好的细胞,应用逆转录聚合酶链式反应（RT—PCR）、细胞免疫组化方法检测培养的RPE细胞中多巴胺D2受体和腺苷A2A受体的表达情况。结果培养的RPE细胞呈多边形,平均分裂时间为2—3d,细胞内含有棕黄色色素颗粒,随着细胞分裂,细胞内的色素颗粒稀释和变少。RT—PCR和细胞免疫组化检测,显示体外培养的人RPE细胞两种受体均有表达。结论人RPE细胞有多巴胺D2受体和腺苷A2A受体的分布。     

正常儿童青少年黄斑厚度的分布及相关影响因素

目的：探讨正常儿童青少年黄斑厚度的分布情况及其相关影响因素。方法：描述性研究。选取2014年7月至2016年8月就诊于昆明市儿童医院眼科的正常儿童青少年284例（568眼），年龄4～17 （10.1±2.8）岁，屈光度为-8.00～+6.00 D。利用光学相干断层扫描（OCT）对其黄斑部直径6 mm范 围内9个区域（A1-A9）的视网膜进行扫描并测量厚度。根据性别、眼别、年龄（≤10岁组、>10岁组） 及等效球镜度（SE）（近视：SE≤-0.50 D；正视：-0.50 D相似文献