Bioz.Com数字化无创血流动力学监测在老年呼吸困难中的应用

目的探讨无创血流动力学监测系统在老年呼吸困难鉴别诊断中的作用。方法对22例正常健康老年人及47例老年呼吸困难患者进行Bioz.Com数字化无创血流动力学监测。将呼吸困难者分为2组,其中心力衰竭(心衰)所致呼吸困难25例和非心衰所致呼吸困难22例。结果心衰所致呼吸困难心输出量/心脏指数(CO/CI)、每搏输出量/每搏指数(SV/SI)、加速度指数(ACI)、左室射血时间(LVET)、左室做功/做功指数(LCW/LCWI)、速度指数(VI)明显低于肺源性呼吸困难患者和健康对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01或P<0.05)。而体血管阻力/阻力指数(SVR/SVRI)、预射血期(PEP)、收缩时间比率(STR)则明显高于肺源性呼吸困难患者和健康对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01)。心衰所致呼吸困难患者心率(HR)、胸腔液体量水平(TFC)高于健康对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05),但与肺源性呼吸困难患者比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。心衰所致呼吸困难患者收缩压(SBP)、平均动脉压(MAP)、舒张压(DBP)与肺源性呼吸困难患者和健康对照组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论Bioz. Com数字化无创血流动力学监测系统通过监测相关参数,为临床老年呼吸困难的鉴别及治疗提供可靠依据,值得推广。     

1例有特殊临床表现的干燥综合征并文献复习

患者，女，74岁。因渐进性呼吸困难九月余入院。患者九个月前无明显诱因出现渐进性呼吸困难，活动后加重，无胸痛，无咳嗽，咳痰，无低热、盗汗。无端坐呼吸及夜间阵发性呼吸困难。胸部超声检查示双侧大量胸腔积液。曾在心内科给予抗心衰治疗，症状无明显缓解。为了进一步治疗，入住呼吸内科。既往高血压病史10年。     

脑钠肽联合无创血流动力学监测在老年呼吸困难鉴别诊断中的意义

目的 探讨脑钠肽联合无创血流动力学监测系统在老年呼吸困难鉴别诊断中的意义.方法 对22例正常健康老年人及53例老年呼吸困难患者进行血浆脑钠肽的检测和无创血流动力学监测.根据病史、临床表现、相关检查以及治疗的反应,将呼吸困难分为两组,其中心衰所致呼吸困难27例和肺源性呼吸困难26例.结果 心衰所致呼吸困难患者脑钠肽、体血管阻力/阻力指数、预射血期、收缩时间比率明显高于肺源性呼吸困难患者和健康对照组,差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.01）.心衰所致呼吸困难患者左室射血分数、心输出量/心脏指数、每搏输出量/每搏指数、加速度指数、左室射血时间、左室做功/做功指数、速度指数明显低于肺源性呼吸困难患者和健康对照组,差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.01）.脑钠肽联合无创血流动力学监测,可明显提高心衰诊断的敏感性、特异性.结论 通过血浆脑钠肽的检测并联合无创血流动力学监测系统监测相关参数,可为临床老年呼吸困难的鉴别及治疗提供可靠依据.     

进行性呼吸困难

病历摘要患者男 ,6 0岁 ,因进行性呼吸困难 2个月于 2 0 0 0年 12月 17日入院。患者 2个月前无诱因出现呼吸困难 ,轻微喘鸣 ,轻咳 ,偶咳少许白粘痰。呼吸困难于右侧卧位或向左侧扭颈时加重 ,无胸痛、声嘶 ,无发热、咳血及盗汗。曾于我院门诊拟诊为支气管哮喘 ,予以解痉、平喘、     

B型利钠肽结合血流动力学监测对呼吸困难的诊断价值

目的 探讨急诊室快速血B型利钠肽(BNP)检测并同时进行无创血流动力学监测对呼吸困难患者病因诊断的临床意义.方法 选择2007年5月至2008年1月354例因呼吸困难就诊患者,使用无创超声心排量监测仪进行心输出量(CO)测定,同时测定血BNP浓度,以是否为心源性呼吸困难进行分组,分别对CO以及BNP心源性呼吸困难的诊断情况进行统计.结果 确诊127例心源性呼吸困难患者,检测CO以及BNP具有负相关性(r=-0.645,P=0.000);在确诊227例非心源性呼吸困难组,CO及BNP两者阴性检出人数差异具有统计学意义(102例比11例,P=0.000),CO和BNP无相关性.结论 急诊室呼吸困难患者血浆BNP浓度判定心源性呼吸困难具有局限性,应用无创超声心排量监测仪监测CO血流动力学对鉴别呼吸困难具有临床应用价值.     

复发性多软骨炎致气道狭窄一例

患者 ,男性 ,30岁。因声嘶 15月 ,加重伴吸气性呼吸困难半年于 2 0 0 0年 5月 2 4日入院。患者于 1998年 12月无明显诱因出现左耳廓红肿痛 ,无化脓及破溃。在当地医院予先锋Ｖ及先锋必抗炎治疗 ,2～ 3个月后红、肿、痛渐消退。于 1999年 2月出现声嘶 ,不伴咽痛、咳嗽、呼吸困难。在当地和外地多家医院以咽喉炎治疗无好转。同年 7月发现鼻梁塌陷 ,11月出现吸气性呼吸困难 ,喉部喘鸣音 ,轻微活动即感胸闷、气短。在当地以哮喘治疗无好转。既往患者身体健康。查体 :左侧耳廓下部较右侧略增大 ,鼻梁塌陷成鞍鼻。喉部及双上肺可闻及吸气性哮鸣音 …     

双室型心肌致密化不全一例

患者男，27岁。活动后心悸，呼吸困难10个月，加重1周入院。患者10月前因感冒出现咳嗽、咳痰、无发热，且出现活动后心悸、呼吸困难，自用消炎药物治疗无好转，呼吸困难加重，夜间不能平卧面门诊以扩张型心脏病收入院。体检Bp105/80mm Hg(1mm Hg=0.133kPa),无紫绀，无颈静脉怒张、双肺可闻及湿啰音，以右肺为著，心界扩大，心率118次/min，律整，心尖部可闻及奔马律及心房音，呈四音     

无创心阻抗血流图在心源性和非心源性呼吸困难鉴别诊断中的应用

胸闷、气短、呼吸困难是急诊科患者常见症状,肺动脉导管可通过检测患者血流动力学变化进行鉴别诊断,但费用昂贵且风险高。2006年10月-2007年9月,我们应用无创心阻抗血流图（ICC）测定了38例呼吸困难患者的血流动力学变化,旨在初步鉴别心源性及非心源性呼吸困难。现报告如下。     

凝血因子缺乏症合并喉梗阻抢救成功1例报告

患者男,43岁,因咽痛2 d,伴呼吸困难1 d,于2006年6月7日拟诊喉梗阻入院。既往无出血病史。查体：T38.5℃,患者轻度张口受限,上下切牙间距约2 cm,咽部可见血性分泌物,咽黏膜无明显充血,双侧扁桃体Ⅱ度大。间接喉镜检查患者不配合,平静时无明显呼吸困难及缺氧,活动时出现憋气症状。CT扫描提示会厌及咽左侧壁肿胀。诊断为咽旁间隙感染;喉梗阻;呼吸困难（轻度）。     

BiPAP通气治疗AECOPD并呼吸衰竭的临床观察

目的观察双水平无创正压（BiPAP）通气对慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期（AECOPD）并呼吸衰竭的治疗效果。方法入选的46例AECOPD并呼吸衰竭的患者在常规治疗的基础上加用双水平无创正压通气治疗,观察治疗前后患者动脉血气分析指标及呼吸困难评分的变化。结果46例患者在治疗后动脉血气分析指标及呼吸困难评分较治疗前明显改善（P〈0．05）。结论双水平无创正压通气治疗AECOPD并呼吸衰竭能有效地改善患者的动脉血气分析指标及呼吸困难分级,是救治AECOPD并呼吸衰竭患者的有效手段。     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

Microbiology of human immunodeficiency virus anorectal disease

PURPOSE: Individuals who are seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus are at high risk for opportunistic infection and anorectal disorders. Little prospective information is available regarding anorectal pathogens in these patients. METHODS: One hundred sixty-three HIV-seropositive patients presented to the colorectal clinic between 1989 and 1992. Forty-seven (29 percent) patients were thought to have an infectious process and were prospectively studied using a standardized multiculture protocol. RESULTS: Mean age was 33 (range, 19–59) years. All were male; high-risk behavior accounted for 87 percent of HIV transmissions. Presenting complaints included anorectal pain (79 percent), pus per anum (28 percent), and blood per anum (26 percent). Examination revealed perianal tenderness (60 percent), condyloma (38 percent), perianal ulcers (38 percent), and anal fissures (34 percent). Sixty-six sets of cultures were performed; 28 patients had one set, 15 had two sets, and 4 had three sets. Thirty-two of these 47 patients (68 percent) had positive cultures including herpes (50 percent), cytomegalovirus (25 percent),Neisseria gonorrhoeae (16 percent), chlamydia (16 percent), acidfast bacilli (2 percent), and others (9 percent). Six of 32 patients with positive cultures had more than one organism cultured. Sixteen (50 percent) patients with positive cultures were treated medically, 8 (25 percent) were treated surgically and 8 (25 percent) were treated with both modalities. Sixty-one procedures were performed on 17 patients for condylomata. Eighteen patients had 20 procedures for abscesses, 50 percent of whom had positive cultures for other than common bowel flora; all improved. Fourteen patients underwent 33 procedures for perianal fistulas.Mycobacterium fortuitum was cultured from one patient who required 13 procedures for abscesses and fistulas. Forty-five (96 percent) patients were followed for an average of 12.5 months ±2.9 SEM (range, 1–94 months). Symptoms were improved or resolved in 22 of 32 (69 percent) patients with positive cultures and in 11 of 13 (84 percent) with negative cultures. CONCLUSIONS: Specific pathogens may often be identified in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients with anorectal disorders if aggressively sought. Although patients without specific pathogens identified may be expected to improve with planned empiric treatment, positive identification allows more directed therapy.