Hedgehog信号通路与“肾虚血瘀”骨代谢失常的实验研究

目的观察去卵巢骨质疏松症模型大鼠的骨组织和肾组织中Hedgehog信号通路细胞表面受体Patched-1(PTCH1)和Gli3mRNA和蛋白含量变化及补肾填精、活血化瘀中药复方对其影响,探讨中药组方治疗绝经后骨质疏松症的可行性以及绝经后骨质疏松症的发病机制与Hedgehog信号通路的关系。方法采用切除雌性大鼠双侧卵巢的方法建立绝经后骨质疏松症模型,分别给予补肾填精中药复方、活血化瘀中药复方、骨疏康对模型大鼠灌胃12周。然后将大鼠分为补肾填精组、活血化瘀组、阳性对照组、正常组和模型空白组,其中骨疏康作为阳性药物为阳性对照组。运用RT-PCR检测各组大鼠骨组织和肾组织PTCH1和Gli3mRNA相对表达量;通过ELISA法检测各组大鼠骨组织和肾组织PTCH1和Gli3蛋白含量。结果各组大鼠股骨和肾组织中PTCH1mRNA及蛋白表达方面:与正常组比较,模型组显著升高(P0.01);与模型组比较,补肾填精组、活血化瘀组、阳性对照组显著降低(P0.01);各个用药组间比较,补肾填精组下调优于活血化瘀组,具有显著性差异(P0.01)。各组大鼠股骨和肾组织中Gli3mRNA及蛋白表达方面:与正常组比较,模型组显著升高(P0.01);与模型组比较,补肾填精组、活血化瘀组、阳性对照组显著下降(P0.01);各个用药组间比较,补肾填精组下调优于活血化瘀组,具有显著性差异(P0.01)。结论 PTCH1mRNA及蛋白含量和Gli3mRNA及蛋白含量在去卵巢骨质疏松症模型大鼠骨组织和肾组织中显著升高,提示PTCH1和Gli3可能参与绝经后骨质疏松症骨代谢失衡的发生和进展。补肾填精中药复方和活血化瘀中药复方可下调PTCH1和Gli3mRNA相对表达量及其蛋白含量,这可能是起到防治绝经后骨质疏松症的作用机制之一,并且补肾填精法优于活血化瘀法。     

Back and neck pain in seniors—prevalence and impact

Neck pain (NP) and back pain (BP) are common complaints in seniors yet specific information on these complaints is lacking in the scientific literature. We present cross-sectional interview data from the 2003 data collection within the population based Longitudinal Study of Aging Danish Twins dealing with the 1-month prevalence of NP and BP and the intensity of possible pain. Further, we present the 1-year prevalence of NP and BP, duration of pain, influence of NP and BP on daily activities and care seeking for NP and BP. 84.4% of invited twins aged 70–102 years participated in the study. The 1-month prevalence of NP and BP was similar to previously reported results. 7% of men and 13% of women reported moderate or severe NP and 12% of men and 19% of women reported moderate or severe BP on a monthly basis. 10% of men and 12% of women reported more than 30 days of NP within the past year and 13% of men and 21% of women reported more than 30 days of BP within the past year. 5% of men and 8% of women had altered or diminished their physical activities due to NP and 9% of men and 16% of women had diminished their physical activities due to BP within the past year. 10% of men and 12% of women had had treatment for NP within the past year and 13% of men and 19% of women had had treatment for BP within the past year, most commonly from general medical practitioners and physical therapists. Altering or diminishing physical activities and care seeking were associated with both pain intensity and duration of pain. NP and BP of longer duration were associated with significantly lower physical performance scores when compared to no NP or BP during the past year. NP and BP in seniors are probably associated with difficulty but not inability to perform daily activities.     

Asymptomatic bacteriuria in spinal cord patients and the elderly

The prevalence and incidence of symptomatic and asymptomatic bacteriuria will remain high for many years to come. Antimicrobial agents are necessary to treat symptomatic UTI because no natural methods have been shown to be effective. Treatment of ABU is not appropriate. There is growing resistance to antibiotics, biocides, and antiseptics and, simultaneously, a decreasing rate of introduction of new antibacterial agents; thus the problem of resistance is magnified and potentially complicates the management of patients with SCI and elderly persons. New options of managing health and of preventing ABU and UTI and the complications arising from these diseases must be investigated vigorously and urgently. In particular, further study of the role of bacterial biofilms, the normal microflora, the influence of diet and hygiene, and the importance of the host immune response in the process of urinary tract colonization and infection is relevant and necessary.     

舟月骨间韧带在腕尺桡偏时舟月骨三维运动中的作用

目的 观察在腕关节尺桡偏运动时,舟月骨间韧带(scapholunate interosseous ligament,SLIL)及其各亚区分级切断后对舟骨与月骨三维运动的影响,从亚区水平对SLIL在舟月骨三维运动中的作用进行研究.方法 取12例新鲜冰冻成人上肢标本(左、右侧各6例),共分为正常对照组、断SLIL近侧组、断SLIL近+背侧组、断SLIL近+掌侧组、SLIL全断组(每组6例).采用三维激光扫描及图像重建技术,测定在腕关节尺桡偏时舟骨与月骨的三维运动数据,并进行统计学处理.结果 在正常腕关节做尺桡偏运动时,舟、月骨同时也做尺桡偏运动,但还伴有明显的屈伸方向上的运动;与此同时,舟、月骨还做一定的旋前、旋后活动.在切断近+掌和近+背侧亚区组,舟月骨的活动受到影响.全切断SLIL会导致舟骨掌屈度增加,月骨掌屈活动减弱.结论 采用三维激光扫描及图像重建技术可准确测定腕舟月骨的三维活动度,从SLIL亚区水平上进行的研究表明,部分或全部切断SLIL后会对舟月骨的掌屈程度产生明显影响,但SLIL近侧亚区在控制舟、月骨的活动上不起主要作用.     

舟月骨间韧带在腕尺桡偏时舟月骨三维运动中的作用

目的 观察在腕关节尺桡偏运动时,舟月骨间韧带(scapholunate interosseous ligament,SLIL)及其各亚区分级切断后对舟骨与月骨三维运动的影响,从亚区水平对SLIL在舟月骨三维运动中的作用进行研究.方法 取12例新鲜冰冻成人上肢标本(左、右侧各6例),共分为正常对照组、断SLIL近侧组、断SLIL近+背侧组、断SLIL近+掌侧组、SLIL全断组(每组6例).采用三维激光扫描及图像重建技术,测定在腕关节尺桡偏时舟骨与月骨的三维运动数据,并进行统计学处理.结果 在正常腕关节做尺桡偏运动时,舟、月骨同时也做尺桡偏运动,但还伴有明显的屈伸方向上的运动;与此同时,舟、月骨还做一定的旋前、旋后活动.在切断近+掌和近+背侧亚区组,舟月骨的活动受到影响.全切断SLIL会导致舟骨掌屈度增加,月骨掌屈活动减弱.结论 采用三维激光扫描及图像重建技术可准确测定腕舟月骨的三维活动度,从SLIL亚区水平上进行的研究表明,部分或全部切断SLIL后会对舟月骨的掌屈程度产生明显影响,但SLIL近侧亚区在控制舟、月骨的活动上不起主要作用.     

舟月骨间韧带在腕尺桡偏时舟月骨三维运动中的作用

目的 观察在腕关节尺桡偏运动时,舟月骨间韧带(scapholunate interosseous ligament,SLIL)及其各亚区分级切断后对舟骨与月骨三维运动的影响,从亚区水平对SLIL在舟月骨三维运动中的作用进行研究.方法 取12例新鲜冰冻成人上肢标本(左、右侧各6例),共分为正常对照组、断SLIL近侧组、断SLIL近+背侧组、断SLIL近+掌侧组、SLIL全断组(每组6例).采用三维激光扫描及图像重建技术,测定在腕关节尺桡偏时舟骨与月骨的三维运动数据,并进行统计学处理.结果 在正常腕关节做尺桡偏运动时,舟、月骨同时也做尺桡偏运动,但还伴有明显的屈伸方向上的运动;与此同时,舟、月骨还做一定的旋前、旋后活动.在切断近+掌和近+背侧亚区组,舟月骨的活动受到影响.全切断SLIL会导致舟骨掌屈度增加,月骨掌屈活动减弱.结论 采用三维激光扫描及图像重建技术可准确测定腕舟月骨的三维活动度,从SLIL亚区水平上进行的研究表明,部分或全部切断SLIL后会对舟月骨的掌屈程度产生明显影响,但SLIL近侧亚区在控制舟、月骨的活动上不起主要作用.     

Organization of a clinical transplant unit: general guidelines

A successful transplantation program depends not only on surgical expertise and experience but also on a variety of related factors. Careful planning of patient care areas, selection of dedicated and competent staff, and the incorporation of training programs are essential preliminaries. Provision of specialized equipment and drugs, the development of satisfactory communications, and the production of protocols for staff and patients are necessary before operations begin. The transplant coordinator is the keystone of the function of the unit, and the role encompasses recipient selection and education, transplant and procurement coordination, maintenance of patient records and flow sheets, and liaison between transplant team, external physicians, and procurement agencies. Few other areas of clinical endeavor require such a degree of interdisciplinary cooperation, but few are so rewarding.     

Development of a new method and device for adaptation and suture of tissues during transoral surgery: in vitro and cadaver experiments.

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to present cadaver and model experiments of a technique using an instrument that may overcome the problems of achieving adaptation and suture of mucous membrane and other tissues during transoral surgery in narrow anatomical circumstances. STUDY DESIGN: The following interventions were carried out on cadavers: adaptation and suture of mucous membrane by uvulopalatopharyngoplasty (UPPP); release and anteroposition of the epiglottis and fixation to the vallecula or to the base of the tongue; denudation and closing the lumen of the larynx; release and retroposition and fixation of the epiglottis to the posterior part of the larynx; creation, adaptation, and suturing of mucosal flaps in the posterior part of the larynx; craniolateral mobilization and fixation of the vocal cord; submucous excision of excess tissues; and adaptation and suture of the edges of the mucosa. RESULTS: The safety and reduced need for microclips in surgeries in these areas can be accomplished by introducing the Ligature-Suture device, which makes it possible to pass a suture under the tissues with a single movement. CONCLUSIONS: This new technique and instrument for the Ligature-Suture device has the potential to be applied successfully in other fields of surgery. The main advantages of this technique are its simplicity and safety.     

Immunological and bacteriological parallels in acute abscesses and gangrene of the lungs

The microflora and indices of the cell and humoral immunity were studied in 120 patients with abscesses and gangrene of lungs. In etiology of abscesses and gangrenes of lungs the gram-negative flora was found to prevail. The treatment of such patients should include the outflow of pus and removal of purulent foci, stimulation of the cell and humoral immunity and suppression of factors of autoimmune aggression.     

基于有限元法对摇拔戳手法治疗外侧踝关节韧带联合损伤的研究

目的：对外侧踝关节距腓前韧带与跟腓韧带联合损伤进行初步研究,分析摇拔戳手法治疗踝关节的作用机理和韧带联合损伤恢复过程中足踝的生物力学特性。方法：基于1例患有右侧足踝扭伤的男性志愿者进行CT扫描,使用Mimics 10.0,Solidworks 2016,Hypermesh 12.0,Abaqus 6.13软件建立足踝三维非线性有限元分析模型,并验证了模型有效性,结合临床研究,通过调整韧带弹性模量来模拟韧带损伤,对踝关节在不同治疗时期下的趾屈、背伸、内翻、外翻4种工况进行有限元模拟分析。结果：随着摇拔戳手法的治疗和韧带损伤的恢复,4种工况下胫距与腓距关节面的最大应力和受力较大的区域逐渐增大,最大受力韧带的应力值逐渐增大,距腓前韧带和跟腓韧带应力发生分散和转移,所受轴力逐渐减小。结论：通过有限元方法模拟摇拔戳手法的力学状况,直观看出足踝距腓前和跟腓韧带联合损伤治疗前后韧带、关节面受力的变化,将治疗效果进行量化,为该手法的临床推广及应用提供客观、科学依据。     

Regulation of bone remodeling: impact of novel therapies

The kidneys serve as both an endocrine organ and as a target of endocrine action, with the aim of controlling mineral and water balance. Hormones and other key metabolites regulate mineral homeostasis by altering gene function directly or by initiating a sequence of events, leading ultimately to a change in enzyme function. Two of these hormones, parathyroid hormone (PTH) and calcitriol (the active form of vitamin D), interact in multiple tissues in the body to regulate the flux of calcium and phosphorus between extra- and intracellular compartments. Changes in the concentration of PTH and vitamin D, or the interaction of these with other factors, lead to the aberrant regulation of calcium and phosphorus. Among other effects, this aberrant regulation leads to pathologic changes in bone metabolism. The pathology of renal bone disease varies along a spectrum from disorders of low turnover to those of high turnover. This spectrum reflects the results of therapeutic intervention, hormone balances, and other causes. Effective management of renal bone disease therefore requires thorough evaluation of relevant risk factors, measurement of biochemical markers of bone remodeling, and determination of the physical status of bone tissue either by bone mineral density or bone biopsy. Subsequent therapeutic intervention with newer vitamin D compounds, novel phosphate binders, calcimimetics, and the use of alternative dialysis modalities offer hope in normalizing bone remodeling and mineral balance. The human skeleton functions in two capacities: the storage of minerals and structural support of the body. It is the only tissue that behaves as both a major source and a sink of calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P). Healthy bone is a composite of a collagenous matrix embedded with crystals of hydroxyapatite. On the surface of bone and within the calcified matrix are specialized cells that build and maintain the tissue, and facilitate the movement of Ca and P into and out of serum. Bone undergoes remodeling in response to either damage from mechanical strain or as part of the normal cycle of bone renewal. The process involves distinct steps of cellular activation, bone resorption, and subsequent bone formation. It is a relatively slow process that takes several months, and at any one time occurs at many different sites along the bone surface. Systemic factors, such as PTH and vitamin D, regulate the resorption and formation of bone, and thus the systemic movement of Ca and P. However, during conditions of stress and disease, other factors may also play a role. In patients with chronic renal disease, the balance of Ca and P is profoundly disturbed. This disruption and the compensatory changes that occur in response alter the normal processes of bone metabolism.     

皮肤血管瘤内皮细胞增殖和凋亡的研究

目的　探讨细胞增殖和凋亡状态与皮肤血管瘤发生和发展的机制。方法　采用免疫组织化学方法和末端脱氧核苷酸转移酶介导的末端标记技术 (TUNEL) ,检测 40例不同时期婴幼儿皮肤血管瘤及 2 0例周围正常皮肤组织内皮细胞增殖和凋亡状态。结果　 2 0例增生期皮肤血管瘤、2 0例退化期皮肤血管瘤及 2 0例正常皮肤组织平均增殖指数分别为 60 .5 8、1.47及 1.49,经配对t检验差异具有高度显著性 (P <0 .0 0 1)。 2 0例增生期皮肤血管瘤、2 0例退化期皮肤血管瘤及2 0例正常皮肤组织平均平均凋亡指数分别为 0 .0 97、1.0 2 1及 1.0 46,经配对t检验差别具有高度显著性 (P <0 .0 0 1)。结论　皮肤血管瘤的血管内皮细胞异常增生和凋亡在血管瘤的发生、发展和退化过程中起着重要作用 ,为临床治疗血管瘤提供新的思路。     

Robotische Chirurgie in der Kinderurologie

The increasing experience obtained through laparoscopy has resulted in the evolution of ablative and reconstructive procedures in the field of paediatric urology. Apart from the established methods of laparoscopic nephrectomy and orchidopexy, nowadays laparoscopic hemi-nephrectomy and pyeloplasty have become standard therapeutic surgical alternatives. Nevertheless, many of these procedures require a high level of experience in laparoscopic preparation and stitching techniques and are thus performed in institutions with greater laparoscopic experience. With the introduction and evolution of the robotic-assisted technique and the availability of smaller instruments and ports (8 and 5 mm), there has been an evolution in the spectrum of complex ablative and reconstructive procedures in the field of paediatric urology as well. Nevertheless, there is a lack of randomised trails and the literature available in this area consists manly of case reports. The purpose of this article is to present the current status and perspectives of robotic-assisted surgery in the field of paediatric urology.     

Social Network Analysis of Equidae Movements and Its Application to Risk‐Based Surveillance and to Control of Spread of Potential Equidae Diseases

Movements of animals and animal products are one of the most important ways of disease introduction and spread between regions and countries. Maybe one of the most complex animal species in terms of diversity of uses, nature and extent of movements are equidae, for which animal movement records are usually not available. The study presented here is the first characterization of a complete and reliable network of equidae movements in Castile and Leon, which is one of the most important equidae production regions of Spain. Social network analysis and space–time cluster analysis were used to describe the contact patterns of the equidae network and to identify the most important premises, areas and time periods for potential disease introduction or spread into the region. The studied network was complex, with very heterogeneous types of premises and diverse nature and extent of the movements compared with other livestock species, which have important implications for prevention and control of equidae diseases. Centrality measures revealed that production and reproduction farms and centres of livestock competition were the most important type of premises in the studied network. Cluster analyses allowed to identify seventeen significant spatio‐temporal clusters of premises at high risk of dispatching or receiving equidae, which formed four interconnected compartments. These clusters were mainly located in the north‐west region and in the second part of the year. The results of this study may be useful to design risk‐based surveillance and control programmes of equidae diseases and increase the speed of detection and control of potential secondary outbreaks in future epidemics. Consequently, these results will help to minimize the great economic and sanitary impact of equidae diseases. The analytical approach used here may be easily extended to characterize the equidae movement patterns in other countries and regions of the world.     

脊髓型颈椎病中西医结合诊疗指南(2023)

《脊髓型颈椎病中西医结合诊疗指南》由中国中西医结合学会骨伤科专业委员会遵照循证医学原则和专家共识制定,为临床医师提供CSM临床诊疗的学术性指导意见。主要内容包含诊断要点、病情分度评估、中医辨证、手术指征与时机、中西医结合治疗及术后康复等。本指南首次提出CSM应遵循分度治疗原则、明确手术治疗的时机和方式、制定常见的中医辨证分型标准、重视术后中西医结合康复以及日常随访管理,以期促进CSM临床治疗的规范化、有效性和安全性。     

再次胆肠吻合术的围手术期处理

目的　探讨多次胆道手术后胆肠吻合术的围手术期处理方法。方法　回顾分析经治的10 2例病人的临床资料 ,总结取得的临床经验。结果　 10 2例中男性 41例 ,女性 61例 ,年龄在 17-77岁 ,平均年龄 47岁。胆囊切除术后胆肠吻合术 2 4例 ,胆囊切除、胆总管探查后胆肠吻合术 3 9例 ,二次胆肠吻合术 3 3例 ,三次胆肠吻合术 6例。多次手术后需要再次行胆肠吻合术的原因主要为胆道狭窄和结石 ,主要表现为腹痛及黄疸 ,二次及三次胆肠吻合术病人多为中年人 ,再次手术的原因多数与首次手术不当有关。全部病例经过积极的术前准备施行了胆管空肠Roux -en -Y吻合术 ,部分病例加行肝方叶或者肝左外叶切除术 ,术后部分病例出现了切口感染、肺炎、消化道出血等并发症 ,但均获得了成功救治。结论　明确既往手术史 ,应用CT、MRCP、PTC、ERCP、B超等手段明确肝内外胆道影像 ,纠正肝功能及出凝血功能是术前处理的要点 ;沿肝脏脏面解剖游离出胆管 ,切开肝纤维板或者切除肝方叶显露及整形二、三级胆管 ,形成尽可能大的吻合口 ,清除肝内结石或切除充满结石的肝脏左外叶是术中处理的要点 ;调控好肝脏及出凝血功能 ,通畅胆道引流 ,防治各种感染是术后处理的关键     

正常人颈脊髓矢状径MRI测量

目的 提供颈脊髓矢状径、颈椎管有效矢状径(脑脊液柱矢状径)正常参考值,筛选出较科学的评估颈脊髓病的影像学标准.方法 在120例正常人颈椎MRI片上,对各节段颈脊髓矢状径、颈椎管有效矢状径、M值(桥脑-延髓交界处矢状径)进行测量,计算脊髓矢状径与椎管有效矢状径比值,以及脊髓矢状径和M值的比值(C/M值),研究它们与性别、年龄和颈椎长度的相关性.评估脊髓矢状径与椎管有效矢状径比值和C/M值的临床应用价值.结果 脊髓矢状径、椎管有效矢状径、M值男性大于女性(P<0.05),脊髓矢状径和椎管有效矢状径比值和C/M值男女无差别(P>0.05).颈脊髓矢状径和M值随着颈椎长度的增加而增加(r=0.215,P=0.010;r=0.151,P=0.020).颈脊髓矢状径和颈椎管有效矢状径比值与年龄成呈相关(r=0.242,P<0.01),与颈椎长度无明显相关(r=0.082,P=0.200).C/M值与年龄和颈椎长度均无相关性(r=0.06,P=0.359;r=0.003,P=0.900).结论 C/M值能够很好评价颈脊髓萎缩、受压、损害的状况,它很少受到个体差异的影响,是临床评估颈脊髓疾病的良好标准之一.     

全球肩袖康复十年研究热点和前沿分析

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