超声造影对肝脏局灶性脂肪浸润或缺失的诊断价值

目的探讨CEUS对肝脏局灶性脂肪浸润或缺失的诊断价值。方法回顾性分析76例肝脏局灶性脂肪浸润或缺失病例,其中3例经病理学证实,73例经增强CT/增强MRI确诊并随访6个月以上。所有病例均接受常规二维超声及CEUS检查。结果 76例病例中,71例(71/76,93.42%)表现为动脉期、门静脉期及实质期三期等增强,4例(4/76,5.26%)表现为动脉期轻度高增强、门静脉期及实质期等增强,1例(1/76,1.32%)类似肝癌的动脉期高增强、门静脉期及实质期低增强。CEUS诊断局灶性脂肪浸润或缺失与病理或其他检查随访结果的差异无统计学意义(P=0.0625),二者具有相关性(r=0.65,P<0.001)。二维声像图上三期等增强组与动脉期高增强组病灶回声、边界和形态的差异均无统计学意义(P均>0.05)。结论 CEUS对局灶性脂肪浸润或缺失的诊断具有较高的准确率。     

肝内胆管细胞癌超声造影与增强MRI表现对比分析

目的 分析肝内胆管细胞癌超声造影与增强MRI影像学表现特点.方法 8例经手术病理证实的肝内胆管细胞癌,术前行超声造影、增强MRI检查.结果 超声造影：动脉期5例周边环状高增强,1例整体均匀高增强,2例整体不均匀高增强;门脉期6例整体为低增强,2例内部呈低增强,周边仍见环状高增强;延迟期均呈低增强.增强MRI：动脉期8例环状高增强;门脉期及延迟期1例环状高增强,7例向心性增强.结论 肝内胆管细胞癌超声造影与增强MRI表现不同,可能与疾病的病理特点及两种造影剂在人体内的分布特点有关.     

实时超声造影鉴别诊断肝脏瘤样病变

目的应用CEUS评价肝脏瘤样病变的血流灌注特征。方法选择35例瘤样病变患者(41个病灶)作为研究对象,21例经手术证实,14例经增强CT/MRI或随访证实。结果肝局灶性结节增生(FNH)13例,动脉相100%(13/13)高增强,动脉相早期10例呈中心向周边轮辐样强化,3例为从中心向周边强化范围逐渐扩大,周边出现一过性未强化带;门脉相100%(13/13)呈均匀高增强,延迟相84.62%(11/13)等或高增强,15.38(2/13)中心部低增强。肝孤立性坏死结节(SNN)12例,三相均未见强化,病灶大小、数目不一,形态各异。肝炎性假瘤(IPL)4例,动脉相高增强,门脉相低增强。肝局灶性脂肪变(FFC)6例,动脉相33.33%(2/6)高增强,16.67%(1/6)低增强,50.00%(3/6)等增强,门脉相及延迟相呈等增强。结论肝FNH、SNN和FFC的CEUS具有特异性表现,而IPL需与原发性肝细胞癌相鉴别。     

超声造影诊断肾脏小肿瘤

目的 探讨CEUS诊断肾脏小肿瘤的价值。方法 回顾性分析49例肾脏小肿瘤患者的常规超声与CEUS表现,其中38例为小肾癌(SRCC),11例为肾血管平滑肌脂肪瘤(RAML),主要观察肿块回声、增强模式、增强程度,与常规超声进行比较,评估CEUS鉴别诊断SRCC与RAML的效能。结果 SRCC与RAML的CEUS增强模式比较,二者弥漫不均匀增强[78.94%(30/38)vs 27.27%(3/11),P=0.003)]、延迟相快退[73.68%(28/38)vs 18.18%(2/11),P=0.001)]、病灶周边环状强化[57.89%(22/38)vs 9.09%(1/11),P=0.006)]3个特征检出率的差异均有统计学意义。采用CEUS诊断SRCC的敏感度、特异度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值和准确率分别为86.84%(33/38),63.63%(7/11),89.18%(33/37),58.33%(7/12)和81.63%(40/49)。结论 CEUS特征可用以诊断肾脏小肿瘤,且对SRCC和RAML的鉴别诊断具有较高价值。     

Role of Contrast‐Enhanced Ultrasonography in Primary Hepatic Lymphoma

Objective. Ultrasonography is the first examination performed for screening of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC); contrast‐enhanced ultrasonography (CEUS) can help discriminate between HCC and other lesions. Primary hepatic lymphoma (PHL), even if rare, should be considered in the differential diagnosis of focal liver lesions (FLLs). Few data are available in the literature about the role of CEUS in the diagnosis of PHL; we tried to determine whether CEUS could have a role in this setting. Methods. we describe 2 cases of primary non‐Hodgkin lymphoma of the liver associated with hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. The first patient was a 62‐year‐old man who was an HBV‐inactive carrier, and the second was a 58‐year‐old man with type 2 diabetes and chronic HBV hepatitis. Results. in both cases, ultrasonography showed a hypoechoic liver lesion (4 and 3 cm, respectively) with irregular margins in segment 4 of the liver. On CEUS, these lesions were inhomogeneously hyperenhanced in the arterial phase and hypoenhanced in the portal and late phases. Contrast‐enhanced computed tomography (CT) in both patients showed slight hyperenhancement in the arterial phase and hypoenhancement in the remaining phases. Needle biopsy showed marginal zone B‐cell lymphoma of the mucosa‐associated lymphoid tissue type in both patients. Conclusions. Contrast‐enhanced ultrasonography and CT did not help us differentiate PHL from HCC; in fact, in both cases we saw the characteristic findings of primary HCC. Primary hepatic lymphoma is a rare condition, but it should always be considered in the differential diagnosis of FLLs. We stress the important role of liver biopsy when imaging indicates HCC in patients without underlying cirrhosis.     

不同影像学检查诊断卵巢肿瘤: Meta分析

目的 评价CEUS、增强MRI、功能性MRI和CT对卵巢肿瘤的诊断价值。方法 检索Embase、Medline 数据库,收集关于CEUS、增强MRI、功能性MRI及CT诊断卵巢肿瘤的文献资料。进行统计分析得到各组诊断性试验的合并敏感度、特异度及SROC曲线下面积（AUC）。采用Z检验比较组间独立诊断试验的诊断效能。结果 CEUS、增强MRI、功能性MRI和CT诊断卵巢恶性肿瘤的合并敏感度分别为0.89、0.93、0.83和0.88;合并特异度分别为0.91、0.90、0.79和0.91。四组影像学方法的AUC值分别为0.9619、0.9710、0.9090和0.9444。Z检验结果显示：CEUS、增强MRI、CT三者的诊断效能差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）;功能性MRI的诊断效能低于CEUS和增强MRI（P均<0.05）。结论 CEUS、增强MRI、功能性MRI和CT四种影像学方法对卵巢恶性肿瘤均具较高的诊断效能,对卵巢肿瘤的诊断各有优势和不足。     

超声造影与增强MRI对高分化肝癌和异型增生结节的诊断

目的探讨超声造影与增强MRI对高分化肝细胞癌和肝异型增生结节（DN）的诊断能力。 方法回顾性收集2012年1月至2018年12月在复旦大学附属中山医院同期行超声造影和增强MRI检查并获病理学证实的39例患者的39个高分化肝细胞癌病灶和7例患者的8个DN病灶，分析其超声造影和增强MRI表现特征。采用χ²检验，计算Kappa值，比较2种检查方法的诊断一致性；绘制不同检查方法的受试者操作特征（ROC）曲线，分析其诊断效能。 结果2种诊断方法中，69.2%（27/39）的高分化肝细胞癌的动脉期表现一致（Kappa=0.482），53.8%（21/39）的高分化肝细胞癌的延迟期表现一致（Kappa=0.168）。DN病灶在超声造影的主要表现呈“等增强-等增强”模式（87.5%，7/8），增强MRI主要表现为“高信号-低信号”模式（62.5%，5/8），所有DN病灶在超声造影延迟期均未出现廓清。超声造影、增强MRI、超声造影联合增强MRI（同时满足或只满足一种）4种检查方法中，超声造影联合增强MRI（只满足一种）诊断高分化肝细胞癌的敏感度（66.7%）和准确性（61.7%）最高，而超声造影诊断高分化肝细胞癌的特异度（100%）和ROC曲线下面积（0.658，95%CI：0.482~0.834）最高。 结论超声造影联合增强MRI有助于高分化肝细胞癌和肝DN的鉴别诊断，而超声造影具有更高的诊断特异度。     

Imaging evaluation of ablative margin and index tumor immediately after radiofrequency ablation for hepatocellular carcinoma: comparison between multidetector-row CT and MR imaging

Purpose

To prospectively compare multidetector-row CT (MDCT) and MR imaging (MRI) in the assessment of the ablative margin (AM) and index tumor immediately after radiofrequency (RF) ablation for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and assess whether non-contrast MRI with limited sequences (T1- and T2-weighted imaging only) was superior to a conventional MDCT protocol.

Methods

A total of 33 consecutive patients with 42 HCCs were included in this study. Both MDCT and MR images were independently reviewed by two radiologists regarding the ability to visually discriminate between the AM and index tumor, and the AM status within ablation zones. The AM status was classified as AM-plus (AM completely surrounding the tumor), AM-zero (AM was partly discontinuous, without protrusion of the tumor), and AM-minus (AM was partly discontinuous, with protrusion of the tumor). During the follow-up period, the cumulative local tumor progression rates were analyzed using the Kaplan–Meier method and Cox proportional hazards model. To determine the added value of contrast-enhanced MR images, both reviewers separately evaluated the two sets (unenhanced and enhanced) of MR images.

Results

Visual discrimination between the AM and index tumor was possible in four (9.5%) and 34 (81%) of the 42 ablation zones using MDCT and MRI, respectively (p < 0.001). Thirty-eight and four cases were classified as AM-plus and AM-zero on MDCT images, respectively, whereas the ablation zones were categorized as AM-plus (n = 32), AM-zero (n = 9), and AM-minus (n = 1) when examining the MR images. The cumulative incidence of local tumor progression was significantly lower in cases with AM-plus on MRI (p = 0.007). Contrast-enhanced MRI had no added value for the assessment of the AM and index tumor.

Conclusion

MRI was superior to MDCT for the differential assessment of the AM and index tumor immediately after RF ablation for HCC. Non-contrast MRI was also superior to the conventional MDCT protocol.

     

超声造影对甲状腺肿块诊断价值的初步探讨

目的初步探讨超声造影在甲状腺肿块诊断中的应用价值。方法26例29个甲状腺肿块术前常规二维及彩色多普勒超声检查后,行超声造影检查,观察造影剂开始显影、达峰及消退的全过程,并用ACQ软件进行时间-强度曲线分析。结果结节性甲状腺肿的超声造影表现大多以等增强、低增强为主,少数为高增强;腺瘤呈＂快进慢退高增强＂的造影表现,为富血供型;甲状腺癌大多以等增强及低增强为主,增强回声不均匀,早于周边甲状腺组织消退。结论超声造影对甲状腺肿块良恶性的鉴别提供了更多的信息,有一定的诊断作用。     

Efficacy of the American Association for the Study of Liver Disease and Barcelona criteria for the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma

Objectives

Dynamic contrast-enhanced CT scan and MRI are essential for preoperative diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), using the established Barcelona and AASLD criteria, which have been validated in only a few reports. The aim of this study is to retrospectively assess the diagnostic performance of these criteria in diagnosing or excluding HCC in at-risk patients with histopathology confirmation.

Methods

After institutional review board approval, a HIPAA compliant study was performed. The study cohort consisted of 156 de novo hepatic nodules imaged by either dynamic contrast-enhanced CT or MRI within 90 days of histopathology. Images were retrospectively reviewed by two abdominal radiologists blinded to clinical details, and all nodules were categorized as either meeting or not meeting AASLD and Barcelona criteria. By AASLD or Barcelona criteria, HCC was defined as any nodule greater than or equal to 1 or 2 cm, respectively, with hyperenhancement relative to background liver on arterial phase and hypoenhancement relative to background liver on portal venous or delayed phases. Significant differences in cohorts were analyzed using chi squared analysis (p < 0.05).

Results

On biopsy, 141/156 (90.38%) nodules were diagnosed as HCC. The respective sensitivity, specificity, accuracy and positive predictive value of AASLD and Barcelona were 78.7% and 63.1% (sensitivity), 73.3% and 86.7% (specificity), 78.2% and 65.4% (accuracy), and 82% and 63% (positive predictive value) (p < 0.001).

Conclusions

Using established imaging criteria, up to 21.8% of presumed HCC nodules are inaccurately characterized and many small HCC nodules remain undiagnosed.     

The analysis of enhancement pattern of hepatic inflammatory pseudotumor on contrast-enhanced ultrasound

Objective

The aim of this study was to assess the role of contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) in the characterization of hepatic inflammatory pseudotumor (IPT).

Methods

We retrospectively reviewed 36 cases of histopathologically diagnosed IPT. Nodule enhancement appearances during the arterial, portal, and delayed phases were defined as hyperenhancement, isoenhancement, hypoenhancement, and non-enhancement compared with the surrounding liver parenchyma. Statistical analysis was performed by the one-way ANOVA and χ ² tests.

Results

Among total 36 cases, 7 nodules were absent of contrast enhancement during all three phrases on CEUS. Twenty-nine nodules appeared different forms of enhancement in arterial phase. Diffuse homogeneous hyperenhancement, diffuse heterogeneous hyperenhancement, peripheral rim-like enhancement, and diffuse iso-enhancement were found in 10, 12, 5, and 2 of the nodules, respectively. Twenty-five nodules showed hypoenhancement in portal and delayed phases. Four nodules showed contrast washed out synchronously with normal liver parenchyma. The median time to enhancement, median time to peak, and median time to wash out of the nodules were 17 s (range 11–28 s), 23 s (range 14–42 s), and 45 s (range 23–100 s), respectively. No statistical significant differences were found in the above parameters of nodule enhancement and proportion of enhancement patterns when dividing the nodules into subgroups by nodule size.

Conclusion

IPT displays a variety of enhancement patterns due to pathological changes in the course of disease progression. Some characteristics on CEUS may be helpful in the differential diagnosis of IPT.     

混合型肝癌的多期增强影像表现及与其他类型原发性肝癌的比较

目的 探讨混合型肝癌（cHCC-CC）的CT、MRI多期增强影像表现,并与其他类型原发性肝癌对比分析。方法 回顾性分析25例经病理证实的cHCC-CC的多期增强影像表现,并依据临床及影像表现分别与200例普通类型肝细胞癌（HCC）、51例硬化型肝癌（SHCC）、104例肝内肿块型胆管癌（IMCC）进行比较,分析其差异。结果 cHCC-CC的多期增强强化方式主要分为3种：动脉期肿瘤呈整体不均匀强化,平衡期仍见持续不均匀强化（n=12）;动脉期肿瘤呈不均匀强化,平衡期对比剂流出,呈低密度/低信号改变（n=8）;动脉期肿瘤呈边缘环状强化,平衡期对比剂呈环状或不规则状向内填充（n=5）。cHCC-CC在年龄、性别、病毒性肝炎病史、血管受侵及淋巴结转移与HCC、SHCC、IMCC差异无统计学意义（P均>0.05）,而与IMCC比较,cHCC-CC更常见于肝硬化患者（P<0.001）。cHCC-CC邻近肝包膜皱缩的发生率明显低于SHCC和IMCC（P=0.021、0.005）,AFP与CA19-9升高的比例与IMCC差异有统计学意义（P=0.005、0.001）。结论 cHCC-CC是原发性肝癌的少见类型,其影像及临床表现与HCC、SHCC及IMCC既重合,又有其特征性,准确诊断有助于临床治疗方案的选择和对预后的判断。     

Characterization of focal liver lesions using contrast-enhanced sonography with a low mechanical index mode and a sulfur hexafluoride-filled microbubble contrast agent

PURPOSE: To characterize focal liver lesions (FLLs) using real-time contrast-enhancedsonography (CEUS) with a low mechanical index mode and a sulfur hexafluoride-filled microbubble contrast agent. METHODS: CEUS was performed in 190 patients with FLLs, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) (n = 107), liver metastasis (n = 21), intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) (n = 7), liver hemangioma (n = 37), focal nodular hyperplasia (FNH) (n = 11), regenerative nodule (n = 6) and liver lipoma (n = 1). The cadence contrast pulse sequencing technique and the contrast agent SonoVue(R) were used for CEUS examination. The enhancement patterns during the arterial, portal, and late phases were evaluated. RESULTS: HCC showed hyperenhancement in 100 (93.5%) of 107 nodules during the arterial phase and hypoenhancement in 102 (95.3%) during the late phase. Liver metastases showed homogeneous enhancement in 8 of 21 (38.1%) nodules and a peripheral regular rim-like enhancement in 11 of 21 (52.4%) nodules during the arterial phase and marked hypoenhancement in 16 of 21 (76.2%) nodules during the late phase. ICC exhibited irregular rim-like enhancement in 4 of 7 (57.1%) nodules during the arterial phase and hypo-enhancement in 7 of 7 (100%) nodules during the late phase. Hemangioma showed peripheral nodular hyperenhancement, and progressive centripetal enhancement was seen in 35 of 37 (94.6%) lesions during the arterial phase. All 11 cases of FNH exhibited homogeneous hyperenhancement during the arterial phase and hyperenhancement (n = 1) or isoenhancement (n = 9) during the late phase. The sensitivity, specificity, and positive predictive value, respectively, were 88.8%, 89.2%, and 91.3% for HCC; 81%, 100%, and 100% for liver metastasis; 57.1%, 100%, and 100% for ICC; 94.6%, 100%, and 100% for liver hemangioma; and 90.9%, 97.8%, and 71.4% for FNH. CONCLUSIONS: Low-mechanical index CEUS permits real-time, complete assessment of vascularity in FLLs, which in turn facilitates their characterization.     

胰腺局灶性病变的超声造影表现及与微血管密度的相关性

目的 探讨胰腺局灶性病变(FLPs)的增强超声(CEUS)造影模式及定量参数特征,分析定量参数与病灶微血管密度的相关性.方法 对26例疑有胰腺占位的患者进行CEUS检查.分析不同病理类型FLPs的造影表现,并定量分析病灶的始增时间、达峰时间及峰值强度,计算始增-峰值时间进行分析.对病灶组织切片进行免疫组化标记CD34,计数病灶组织的MVD,分析病灶MVD与TIC定量参数间的相关性.结果 在CEUS中,胰腺腺癌多呈低增强,胰腺内分泌肿瘤呈高增强,胰腺实性假乳头状瘤表现为周边环状等增强及内部不均匀增强.用低增强模式诊断胰腺腺癌的敏感性为85.71%,特异性为100%,阳性预测值100%,阴性预测值80.00%,准确性为90.91%.恶性组病灶与正常胰腺实质的平均始增-峰值时间比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.01).病灶的峰值强度与MVD呈显著正相关(r=0.75,P<0.01).结论 不同病理类型FLPs的CEUS增强表现不同,CEUS能评价病灶的血管生成情况,在病灶的分期及预后评估上有很好的应用前景.     

超声造影与增强CT鉴别诊断良恶性甲状腺结节

目的 对比超声造影（CEUS）与增强CT鉴别诊断良恶性甲状腺结节的价值。方法 纳入179例甲状腺结节患者、共229个结节,根据结节性质分为良性组（n=83）和恶性组（n=146）;观察结节CEUS和增强CT特征,以病理结果为金标准,对比2种影像学方法鉴别诊断良恶性甲状腺结节的效能。结果 良、恶性组甲状腺结节CEUS增强强度、增强模式及有无环绕增强差异均有统计学意义（P均<0.05）;增强CT强化特点、边缘情况、甲状腺边缘有无中断及钙化性质差异亦均有统计学意义（P均<0.05）。CEUS诊断甲状腺良恶性结节的敏感度、特异度及准确率分别为89.73%、78.31%及85.59%;增强CT诊断分别为78.08%、71.08%及75.55%。结论 CEUS和增强CT鉴别甲状腺良恶性结节均有一定价值;CEUS的诊断效能总体优于增强CT。     

胆囊癌的超声造影和增强螺旋CT对比分析

目的评价超声造影和增强螺旋CT对胆囊癌的诊断价值。方法对比分析26例经手术、病理证实的胆囊癌的超声造影和CT增强的影像表现。结果超声造影和CT增强具有相似的表现。26例中,厚壁型14例,肿块型7例,腔内结节型5例。超声造影确诊23例,CT增强确诊22例,两者结合确诊25例,误诊1例。结论超声造影和CT增强扫描对于胆囊癌的诊断均很敏感且价值很高,结合两者可提高该病的确诊率。     

超声造影在肝外胆管占位性病变中的应用

目的 探讨应用CEUS诊断肝外胆管占位性病变的价值。方法 回顾性分析45例因肝外胆管占位性病变就诊于我院的患者, 将二维超声(US)、CEUS及增强CT影像学诊断结果与患者病理诊断进行对比, 分析每种影像学方法的诊断效能。结果 45例病例中良性病变6例, 恶性病变39例。US、CEUS及增强CT对肝外胆管良恶性病变的诊断准确率分别为71.11%(32/45)、88.89%(40/45)及91.11%(41/45), US与CEUS间(P=0.035)、US与增强CT间(P=0.015)差异具有统计学意义, CEUS与增强CT间(P=1.000)差异无统计学意义。结论 CEUS对肝外胆管占位性病变的诊断准确率高于US, 与增强CT相近, 对肝外胆管占位性病变的临床诊断具有重要价值。     

The utility of CT and MRI in detecting male urethral recurrence after radical cystectomy

Purpose

To evaluate the utility of computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in detecting male urethral recurrence (UR).

Materials and methods

Between December 2008 and March 2016, 12 men (age range 61–85 years; median, 74 years) with urethral bloody discharge or pain were histologically confirmed as UR after radical cystectomy due to urothelial carcinoma. Of these patients, eight underwent both CT and MRI. The remaining four patients underwent CT only. CT and MRI were compared regarding UR detection rate. CT and MRI were also evaluated to determine which modality was more accurate for depicting UR. UR detection rate of each MRI sequence were recorded. Standard reference was biopsy or urethrectomy in 11 patients and size change in one patient after treatment.

Results

UR detection rate with CT was 41.7% (5/12), while that with MRI was 100% (8/8) (p = 0.0147). Of the eight patients who were diagnosed UR with MRI, six were detected with MRI alone and two with both MRI and CT (p = 0.0313). UR detection rates of T2-weighted, T1-weighted, diffusion-weighted, and contrast-enhanced MRI were 87.5% (7/8), 62.5% (5/8), 100% (5/5), and 87.5% (7/8), respectively.

Conclusion

MRI is superior to CT in detecting male URs in symptomatic patients after radical cystectomy. T2-weighted, diffusion-weighted, and contrast-enhanced MRI sequences are useful for detecting male UR.

     

Real-time contrast-enhanced ultrasound imaging of infected focal liver lesions.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the features of infected focal liver lesions on contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) imaging. METHODS: Thirty-two hepatic abscesses, 15 infected granulomas, and 6 inflammatory pseudotumors in 53 patients were evaluated with real-time CEUS before awareness of the definitive diagnosis. A 2.4-mL dose of a sulfur hexafluoride-filled microbubble contrast agent was administered by intravenous bolus injection. RESULTS: The numbers of abscesses with hyperenhancement, isoenhancement, and hypoenhancement in the arterial phase were 26 (81.3%), 5 (15.6%), and 1 (3.1%), respectively. Thirty (93.8%) lesions were irregularly rim enhanced with nonenhanced areas; enhanced septa were shown in 22 (68.8%) lesions; and transient hyperenhancement of liver parenchyma around the lesion was shown in 20 (62.5%). In 31 abscesses with hyperenhancement or isoenhancement in the arterial phase, 25 (80.6%) showed contrast wash-out and changed in appearance to hypoenhancement in the late phase. As for infected granulomas and inflammatory pseudotumors, 16 (76.2%) lesions showed hyperenhancement or isoenhancement in the arterial phase, and all of them were hypoenhanced in the portal and late phases. CONCLUSIONS: Most infected focal liver lesions showed more rapid contrast wash-out than the surrounding liver parenchyma, which is similar to malignant lesions. Abscesses typically showed features of rim enhancement, enhanced internal septa, nonenhanced central necrotic areas, and transient hyperenhanced liver parenchyma around the lesions. The CEUS appearance of infected granulomas and inflammatory pseudotumors was variable, and a biopsy was necessary for definitive diagnosis.     

不同病理分型混合型肝癌的超声造影特征分析

目的 探究混合型肝癌（CHC）的临床特点及超声造影特征，并探讨不同病理分型混合型肝癌的超声造影表现差异。方法 回顾性分析经手术病理确诊为CHC患者的临床病理及超声图像，总结其超声造影特点并对不同病理分型CHC的超声造影表现进行比较。结果 灰阶超声上，CHC病灶内部以低回声为主（79.6%），多表现为边界不清、形态不规则的实质性肿块。超声造影上，CHC病灶动脉期增强方式表现为整体均匀增强20例（40.8%），整体不均匀增强23例（46.9%），环状增强6例（12.2%）。53.1%表现为显著消退，32.7%为轻度消退。以HCC成分为主的病灶多表现为整体均匀（57.1%，12/21）或不均匀增强（42.9%，9/21），而以ICC为主要成分的病灶多呈整体不均匀增强（48.0%，12/25）或环状增强（24.0%，6/25）。经典型CHC病灶平均消退时间早于伴干细胞特征型CHC（P0.05），两者其余超声造影表现差异无统计学意义。结论 CHC的超声造影表现与HCC、ICC存在部分相似特点。不同细胞成分CHC病灶超声造影增强模式存在差异，经典型CHC与伴干细胞特征型CHC造影剂消退时间有统计学差异，CHC的超声造影表现与病理特点存在相关性。